Phylogeography of the rare Gymnocarpos przewalskii (Caryophyllaceae): indications of multiple glacial refugia in north-western China

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Ma ◽  
M. L. Zhang ◽  
S. C. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Western China ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Quaternary Climate ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Gymnocarpos Przewalskii ◽  
North Western

We investigated the phylogeography of Gymnocarpos przewalskii Maxim. (Caryophyllaceae), a rare relictual shrub restricted to north-western China, in the context of Quaternary climate oscillations. Three cpDNA regions (psbA–trnH, ycf6–psbM and rpl32–trnL (UAG)) were sequenced for 160 individuals from 16 populations. High genetic diversity (hT = 0.930, hS = 0.425) and a significant phylogeographic structure (NST > GST, P < 0.01) were identified; 31 different cpDNA haplotypes were detected. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the haplotypes were clustered into five clades, consistent with their distributions in the following four geographic regions: the Tarim Basin, Hami Basin, the western Yumen of Gansu Province and an easternmost region, consisting of populations in the Wulate Rear Banner region in Inner Mongolia, the Jinta and Jingyuan regions in Gansu Province and the Zhongwei region in Ningxia. The existence of regional divergence was supported by AMOVA, which revealed that ~63% of variation was due to differences among the four geographic regions. Four independent glacial refugia were inferred, in the western Tarim Basin, Hami Basin, the Liuyuan region in western Gansu and the easternmost region mentioned. Population bottlenecks and postglacial recolonisation were identified in the northern Tarim Basin, western Yumen and the Jinta region in Gansu Province.

scholarly journals A new, three-dimensionally preserved enantiornithine bird (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from Gansu Province, north-western China

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHU-AN JI ◽  
JESSIE ATTERHOLT ◽  
JINGMAI K. O'CONNOR ◽  
MATTHEW C. LAMANNA ◽  
JERALD D. HARRIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gansu Province ◽  
Western China ◽  
North Western

Genetic diversity patterns in an endangered desert shrub from north-western China: implications for conservation

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Zhihao Su ◽  
Liuqiang Wang ◽  
Li Zhuo ◽  
Xiaolong Jiang ◽  
Wenjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Western China ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
North Western

Tamarix taklamakanensis is an endangered shrub endemic to the Tarim Basin and adjacent Kumtag Desert in north-western China. Here, we used two chloroplast DNA sequences, namely, psbA-trnH and trnS-trnG, to examine the genetic diversity patterns of this species across its entire covered range. A total of nineteen haplotypes were detected. The total gene diversity within the species is high. Genetic variation mainly occurred among populations, SAMOVA groups, and geographic regions. The test for isolation-by-distance showed a significant correlation between genetic and geographical distances, and the genetic landscape shape analysis showed a significant genetic divergence between the Tarim Basin and Kumtag Desert. T. taklamakanensis likely had a potential geographic range during the Last Glacial Maximum period that was much smaller than the present range predicted by ecological niche modelling. The cold and dry climate during the glacial periods of the Quaternary might be a driver of the genetic isolation and divergence detected within T. taklamakanensis, and climatic oscillations might account for the habitat fragmentation of the species. Within the inner of the basin, populations have a higher level of genetic diversity and harbor most of this genetic diversity, thus a nature reserves should be set up in this area for the in situ conservation. In addition, five genetically distinct groups within T. taklamakanensis should be treated as different management units (MUs) when implementing conservation activities.

Silk Road riches no embarrassment

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (328) ◽  
pp. 654-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. James
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Tarim Basin ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Western China ◽  
Domestic Life ◽  
Sven Hedin ◽  
North Western ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
The Silk Road

The survival of organicmaterials in the waterless fringes of the Takla Makan and Lop Deserts in the Tarim basin in Xinjiang (north-western China) has fascinated us for a century, since Sven Hedin, Aurel Stein and Albert von Le Coq found the remains of settlements and cemeteries at the Great Wall's lonely outposts and along the routes between China and Central Asia known as the Silk Road. The finds date from the Bronze Age to the later firstmillennium AD. In the 1980s and '90s, it was shown that the most striking of them, the Tarim 'mummies', belong to both Mongoloid and Caucasoid peoples (Mallory&Mair 2000). The archaeology here of public and domestic life is full of the kinds of surprises and contradictions that we are learning to expect—if not accept—with 'globalisation'. Development in the region is now prompting new discoveries but also looters, so the research is urgent.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis of Chinese Leishmania isolates and development of L. donovani complex-specific markers by RAPD

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongmei Yuan ◽  
Hanxiao Qin ◽  
Dali Chen ◽  
Jianping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Western China ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Geographic Regions

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world and remains endemic in some underdeveloped regions, including western China. The phylogeny and classification of Chinese Leishmania has not been completely clarified to date, especially within the Leishmania (L.) donovani complex, although phylogenetic analyses based on a series of gene markers have been performed. More analytic methods and data are still needed. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology can sensitively identify slight intraspecific differences, and it is a powerful tool to seek species-specific markers. This work attempted to identify Chinese Leishmania isolates from diverse geographic regions at the genomic level. Meanwhile, specific markers of the L. donovani complex were also developed by RAPD. Methods RAPD was applied to 14 Chinese Leishmania isolates from diverse geographic regions and 3 WHO reference strains. The polymorphic sites of amplification were transformed into a data matrix, based on which genetic similarity was calculated, and a UPGMA dendrogram was constructed to analyse the genetic diversity of these Leishmania isolates. Meanwhile, the specific amplification loci of the L. donovani complex were TA-cloned, sequenced and converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, which were validated preliminarily in 17 available Leishmania strains in this study and analysed by bioinformatics. Results The cluster analyses showed that the three Leishmania sp. isolates SC10H2, SD and GL clustered together and apart from others, the strains of the L. donovani complex clearly divided into two clades, and the three isolates Cy, WenChuan and 801 formed a subclade. Three specific SCAR markers of the L. donovani complex, i.e., 1-AD17, 2-A816 and 3-O13, were successfully obtained and validated on 17 available Leishmania strains in this study. Through bioinformatic analyses, Marker 1-AD17 may have more specificity for PCR detection of VL, and Marker 3-O13 has the potential to encode a protein. Conclusions The RAPD results verified that the undescribed Leishmania species causing visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in China was a unique clade distinguished from L. donovani and revealed that there was genetic differentiation among Chinese L. donovani. The identification of L. donovani-specific markers may help to provide a foundation for future research attempting to develop new specific diagnostic markers of VL and identify specific gene functions.

scholarly journals Chlamydia psittaci exposure in pet birds

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 578-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Cong ◽  
S. Y. Huang ◽  
X. X. Zhang ◽  
D. H. Zhou ◽  
M. J. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Western China ◽  
Alauda Arvensis ◽  
Indirect Haemagglutination ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
North Western

Chlamydia psittaci is a zoonotic pathogen with a wide range of avian hosts and may be transmitted to humans and cause severe disease. To assess the risk of psittacosis posed by pet birds, the seroprevalence of Chlamydia psittaci antibodies in 360 Eurasian siskins (Carduelis spinus), 289 oriental skylarks (Alauda arvensis) and 36 black-tailed grosbeaks (Coccothraustes migratorius) in Gansu province, north-western China was detected by an indirect haemagglutination assay. Twenty-seven out of 289 (9.34 %) Alauda arvensis, 45 out of 360 (12.50 %) Carduelis spinus and 2 out of 36 (5.56 %) Coccothraustes migratorius were positive for Chlamydia psittaci infection at a cut-off dilution of 1 : 16. The prevalence of Chlamydia psittaci was higher in Carduelis spinus (12.5 %) than in Alauda arvensis (9.34 %) and Coccothraustes migratorius (5.56 %); however, the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that Chlamydia psittaci seroprevalence in adult pet birds (12.4 %, 67/540) was significantly higher than that in juvenile pet birds (4.83 %, 7/145) (P<0.01). There was no statistical difference in Chlamydia psittaci seroprevalence between male (12.4 %) and female (8.27 %) birds. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating the seroprevalence of Chlamydia psittaci exposure in pet birds in China. Our results indicate that close contact with pet birds poses the risk of zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia psittaci.

scholarly journals An Overview of Rock Art Sites in Gansu Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Maria A. Kudinova
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Western China ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western ◽  
Different Parts

The paper presents a brief overview of rock art sites known to date on the territory of Gansu Province in north-western China. Petroglyphs have been discovered in all parts of the province, most of them concentrate in the north-western and central parts of the region. Over the past decades, a significant number of rock art sites has been found in the eastern and south-eastern parts of Gansu, but many materials from this territory have not yet been published or were published in hard-to-get local periodicals, quite often without any illustrations. The purpose of this article is to fill the lacuna in the rock art studies of this part of China through the generalization of all available data on Gansu petroglyphs and listing the rock art sites known to date. Petroglyphs of Gansu can be generally attributed to the northern province of Chinese rock art. The techniques used to produce images include percussion (pecking), abrasion (scratching or rubbing) and engraving, no painted images have been discovered so far. At the same time, pronounced differences between rock art sites in different parts of the province can be observed: the sites in the north-western and central parts of the region have obvious similarities with the rock art traditions of Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet and (to a lesser degree) Inner Mongolia, while the petroglyphs of eastern and south-eastern parts of Gansu are close to the rock art of Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and partly to the petroglyphs of Jucishan in Henan Province.

Prince Henri d'Orleans (1867–1901): geographical and botanical exploration between inner Asia and southwest China

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-399
Author(s):  
WILLIAM GARDENER
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Western China ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Inner Asia ◽  
Botanical Exploration ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
Chinese Province ◽  
The Right ◽  
North Western

Prince Henri d'Orleans, precluded by French law from serving his country in the profession of arms, had his attention turned early towards exploration. In 1889, accompanied by the experienced traveller Gabriel Bonvalet, he set out from Paris to reach Indo-China overland by way of Central Asia, Tibet and western and south western China. The journey made contributions in the problems of the whereabouts of Lap Nor and the configuration of the then unexplored northern plateau of Tibet; and in botany it produced some species new to science. The party reached Indo-China in 1890. In 1895, having organised an expedition better equipped for topographical survey and for investigations in the fields of natural history and ethnography, Prince Henri set out from Hanoi with the intention of exploring the Mekong through the Chinese province of Yunnan. After proceeding up the left bank of the Salween for a brief part of its course and then alternating between the right and left banks of the Mekong as far up as Tzeku, the party found it advisable to enter Tibet in a north westerly direction through the province of Chamdo and instead crossed the south eastern extremity of the country, the Zayul, by a difficult track which led them to the country of the Hkamti Shans in present day Upper Burma, and thence to India completing a journey of 2000 miles, "1500 of which had been previously untrodden" (Prince Henri). West of the Mekong, the journey established that the Salween, which some geographers had claimed took its rise in or near north western Yunnan, in fact rose well north in Tibet, and that, contrary to previous opinions, the principal headwater of the Irrawaddy rose no further north than latitude 28°30'. Botanical collections were confined to Yunnan, where the tracks permitted mule transport, and they produced a number of species new to science and extended the range of distribution of species already known.

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