First karyotype, DNA C-value and AT/GC base composition of macaw palm (Acrocomia aculeata, Arecaceae) - a promising plant for biodiesel production

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Santiago Abreu ◽  
Carlos Roberto Carvalho ◽  
Guilherme Mendes Almeida Carvalho ◽  
Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Genetic Knowledge ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
C Value ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Diversity Studies

The oleaginous species Acrocomia aculeata produces high-quality oil and is considered a potential plant for sustainable production of food and biodiesel. In spite of its economical, social and environmental importance, few data concerning the genome size and chromosomal characterisation of this crop have been reported. In order to contribute to basic genetic knowledge on A. aculeata, this work aimed to assemble the first karyogram and to determine genome size and base composition of this species. Concerning the cytogenetic approach, we developed a protocol based on root tips treatment with an anti-mitotic agent, followed by enzymatic maceration and slide preparation by the air-drying technique. This method provided well resolved metaphasic chromosomes, which are important for an accurate and informative cytogenetical characterisation. A chromosome number of 2n = 30 was observed. Content of 2C DNA and base composition were estimated by flow cytometry of G0/G1 nuclei stained with propidium iodide and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, respectively. The mean 2C-value and base composition corresponded to 2C = 5.81 pg and AT = 58.3%. These new data support basic genetic knowledge on A. aculeata, relevant for its conservation, diversity studies and consequent development of breeding programs, which may foment the biofuel production in the world.

USE OF NORTHERN ECOTYPE SOYBEANS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
SERGEY N. DEVYANIN ◽  
◽  
VLADIMIR A. MARKOV ◽  
ALEKSANDR G. LEVSHIN ◽  
TAMARA P. KOBOZEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Oil Productivity ◽  
Toxic Components

The paper presents the results of long-term research on the oil productivity and chemical composition of soybean oil of the Northern ecotype varieties in the Central Non-Black Earth Region. The authors consider its possible use for biodiesel production. Experiments on growing soybeans were carried out on the experimental fi eld of Russian State Agrarian University –Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (2008-2019) on recognized ultra-early ripening varieties of the Northern ecotype Mageva, Svetlaya, Okskaya (ripeness group 000). Tests were set and the research results were analyzed using standard approved methods. It has been shown that in conditions of high latitudes (57°N), limited thermal resources of the Non-Chernozem zone of Russia (the sum of active temperatures of the growing season not exceeding 2000°С), the yield and productivity of soybeans depend on the variety and moisture supply. Over the years, the average yield of soybeans amounted to 1.94 … 2.62 t/ha, oil productivity – 388 … 544 kg/ha, oil content – 19…20%, the content of oleic and linoleic fatty acids in oil – 60%, and their output from seeds harvested – 300 kg/ha. It has been established that as soybean oil and diesel fuel have similar properties,they can be mixed by conventional methods in any proportions and form stable blends that can be stored for a long time. Experimental studies on the use of soybean oil for biodiesel production were carried out on a D-245 diesel engine (4 ChN11/12.5). The concentrations of toxic components (CO, CHx, and NOx) in the diesel exhaust gases were determined using the SAE-7532 gas analyzer. The smoke content of the exhaust gases was measured with an MK-3 Hartridge opacimeter. It has been experimentally established that the transfer of a diesel engine from diesel fuel to a blend of 80% diesel fuel and 20% lubrication oil leads to a change in the integral emissions per test cycle: nitrogen oxides in 0.81 times, carbon monoxide in 0.89 times and unburned hydrocarbons in 0.91 times, i.e. when biodiesel as used as a motor fuel in a serial diesel engine, emissions of all gaseous toxic components are reduced. The study has confi rmed the expediency of using soybeans of the Northern ecotype for biofuel production.

scholarly journals Lipase Immobilization in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Biofuel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Aniello Costantini ◽  
Valeria Califano
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Lipase Immobilization ◽  
Wide Range

Lipases are ubiquitous enzymes whose physiological role is the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol into fatty acids. They are the most studied and industrially interesting enzymes, thanks to their versatility to promote a plethora of reactions on a wide range of substrates. In fact, depending on the reaction conditions, they can also catalyze synthesis reactions, such as esterification, acidolysis and transesterification. The latter is particularly important for biodiesel production. Biodiesel can be produced from animal fats or vegetable oils and is considered as a biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable energy source. The use of lipases as industrial catalysts is subordinated to their immobilization on insoluble supports, to allow multiple uses and use in continuous processes, but also to stabilize the enzyme, intrinsically prone to denaturation with consequent loss of activity. Among the materials that can be used for lipase immobilization, mesoporous silica nanoparticles represent a good choice due to the combination of thermal and mechanical stability with controlled textural characteristics. Moreover, the presence of abundant surface hydroxyl groups allows for easy chemical surface functionalization. This latter aspect has the main importance since lipases have a high affinity with hydrophobic supports. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the recent progress of lipase immobilization in mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a focus on biodiesel production.

scholarly journals The DNA content of trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia by microdensitometric quantitation of Feulgen staining and examination by laser scanning confocal microscopy.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
S L Erlandsen ◽  
E M Rasch
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
C Value

We investigated direct measurement of the DNA content of the parasitic intestinal flagellate Giardia lamblia through quantitation by Feulgen microspectrophotometry and also by visualization of Feulgen-stained DNA chromosomes within dividing cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Individual trophozoites of Giardia (binucleate) contained 0.144 +/- 0.018 pg of DNA/cell or 0.072 pg DNA/nucleus. Giardia lamblia cysts (quadranucleate) contained 0.313 +/- 0.003 pg DNA or 0.078 pg DNA/nucleus. The genome size (C) value per nucleus ranged between 6.5-7.1 x 10(7) BP for trophozoites and cysts, respectively. Confocal microscopic examination of Giardia trophozoites undergoing binary fission revealed five chromosome-like bodies within each nucleus. Further information about genome size and DNA content within different Giardia species may help to clarify the pivotal role of these primitive eukaryotic cells in evolutionary development.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE BY THE MECHANISM OF GENOME SIZE EVOLUTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (30) ◽  
pp. 3563-3580 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIRSON JIAN LI ◽  
SHENGLI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Living System ◽  
Protein Length ◽  
Genome Size Evolution ◽  
Size Evolution ◽  
C Value ◽  
Stable Characteristic ◽  
Main Component

We find that the global relationships among species should be of circular phylogeny, which is quite different from common sense based on phylogenetic trees. A domain can be defined by a distinct phylogenetic circle, which is a global and stable characteristic of the living system. The mechanism in genome size evolution has been clarified; hence the main component questions on C-value enigma can be explained. We find the intrinsic relationship between genome size evolution and protein length evolution; that is the genome size and non-coding DNA ratio can be calculated based on protein length distributions.

scholarly journals Variation in DNA C‐value and haploid genome size in New Zealand native grasses

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Murray ◽  
I. E. Weir ◽  
A. R. Ferguson ◽  
P. J. De Lange
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Haploid Genome ◽  
Native Grasses ◽  
C Value ◽  
Haploid Genome Size

Hollow Fiber Membrane (HFM) Facilitated CO2 Delivery to a Cyanobacteria Layer for Biofuel Production

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kalontarov ◽  
Erica E. Jung ◽  
Aadhar Jain ◽  
Syed Saad Ahsan ◽  
David Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Photosynthetic Bacteria ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Fiber Spacing

Photosynthetic bacteria have been shown to be advantageous organisms for biofuel production due to high CO2 fixation efficiencies, fast growth rates, and lower water requirements. Recently, cyanobacteria been metabolically engineered to efficiently secrete their products into a surrounding solution. This has the advantage of potentially eliminating the requirement to harvest and post-process the organisms in order to extract a biofuel, which is one of the most energy and water expensive processes in most biodiesel production strategies. Lagging behind the development of these organisms however has been the development of new photobioreactor (PBR) strategies that can efficiently delivery light and inorganic carbon to the bacteria while extracting the secreted product and O2 from the solution phase. Hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) are a method for bubble-less gas exchange that has been shown to be effective at enhancing mass transfer in applications such as wastewater and landfill treatment. HFM technology could be used to overcome the mass transport challenges associated with photobioreactors. HFM modules have been used to increase mass transfer of CO2 to the bulk media in bench scale PBRs; however, the use of HFM fibers as both a mean to exchange and deliver a gas phase throughout a PBR has not been explored. We have characterized the passive transport along a single fiber in a miniature reactor in previous work. Here we extend our work to arrays of HFM fibers. We performed a range of experiments to characterize bacteria growth rate and distribution as a function fiber spacing and active transport through the fibers, and report optimized values for these variables.

scholarly journals From Pixels to Picograms

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Hardie ◽  
T. Ryan Gregory ◽  
Paul D.N. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Cell Staining ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
C Value ◽  
Size Data

The study of genome size variation is important from a number of practical and theoretical perspectives. For example, the long-standing “C-value enigma” relating to the more than 200,000-fold range in eukaryotic genome sizes is best studied from a broad comparative standpoint. Genome size data are also required in detailed analyses of genome structure and evolution. The choice of future genome sequencing projects will be dependent on knowledge regarding the sizes of genomes to be sequenced, and so on. To date, genome size data have been acquired primarily by Feulgen microdensitometry or flow cytometry. Each has several advantages but also important limitations. In this review, we provide a practical guide to the new technique of Feulgen image analysis densitometry. The review is designed for those interested in genome size measurements but not extensively experienced in histochemistry, densitometry, or microscopy. Therefore, relevant historical and technical background information is included. For easy reference, we provide recipes for required reagents, guidelines for cell staining, and a checklist of steps for successful image analysis. We hope that the accuracy, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness of Feulgen image analysis demonstrated here will stimulate further surveys of genome sizes in a variety of taxa.

scholarly journals Synthesis of ethyl esters from crude macauba oil (Acrocomia aculeata) for biodiesel production

Fuel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gredson Keiff Souza ◽  
Fabiano Bisinella Scheufele ◽  
Thiago Luiz Belo Pasa ◽  
Pedro Augusto Arroyo ◽  
Nehemias Curvelo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acrocomia Aculeata

Genome size and karyotype evolution in Tradescantia section Cymbispatha (Commelinaceae)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Kenton ◽  
Andrew Drakeford
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Central American ◽  
South American ◽  
Basic Genome ◽  
C Value ◽  
Robertsonian Fusions ◽  
Karyotype Morphology ◽  
Dna Reduction

Karyotype morphology and nuclear DNA content are compared in species of Tradescantia section Cymbispatha from North and South America. Comparison of DNA amounts confirms the polyploid ancestry previously suggested for several cytotypes and shows that basic genome size has been unaffected by the Robertsonian fusions constituting a major evolutionary change in this group. The 2C-values of Mexican tetraploids are double those of their Central American diploid relative Tradescantia gracillima. The 2C-value of the South American tetraploid T. cymbispatha is comparatively lower as a result of a reduction in the size of some chromosomes. This reduction is most likely to have been achieved by Robertsonian fusions in a hybrid whose parental chromosome sets differed in size. The results provide evidence for selection of ancestral diploids with low C-value as mechanism for reduction of genome size in polyploids.Key words: Tradescantia, genome size, polyploidy, Robertsonian fusion, DNA reduction.

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