Pollinator specificity, cryptic species and geographical patterns in pollinator responses to sexually deceptive orchids in the genus Chiloglottis: the Chiloglottis gunnii complex

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C. Bower ◽  
Graham R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
Cryptic Taxa ◽  
Sexually Deceptive Orchids ◽  
Thynnine Wasp ◽  
Choice Testing ◽  
Cross Attraction

Australian sexually deceptive orchids are typically highly pollinator specific, each species having a single unique hymenopteran pollinator species. Pollinator specificity in six of the nine described species in the Chiloglottis gunnii Lindl. complex was investigated by using field pollinator-choice tests, with Chiloglottis taxa translocated within and among biogeographical regions. Specific pollinators revealed the existence of five undescribed cryptic taxa in the C. gunnii complex, three within C. pluricallata D.L.Jones and two within C. valida D.L.Jones, in addition to the six described species. Of the 11 Chiloglottis taxa, 10 had a single thynnine-wasp pollinator throughout their sometimes large distributions, whereas one, C. valida, had a second pollinator in parts of its distribution. Eleven pollinators belonged to the genus Neozeleboria and one to Eirone. Pollinator-choice testing showed that cross-attraction of pollinators occurs between three geographically isolated Chiloglottis taxa on the New South Wales (NSW) New England Tableland and taxa in the South Eastern Highlands of NSW and Victoria. The data suggested there is sharing of chemical attractants and supported the recognition of at least five odour types within Chiloglottis, each encompassing one to three orchid taxa and their pollinators. The following two broad generalisations are made: (1) there is no cross-attraction of pollinators among sympatric Chiloglottis species, i.e. sympatric orchid taxa do not share attractant odours; and (2) all Chiloglottis species have different specific pollinators, although they may share attractant odours allopatrically. Some 28 thynnine-wasp species were attracted as minor non-pollinating responders to Chiloglottis taxa; five of these were pollinators of other Chiloglottis species. These wasps were much more taxonomically diverse than the pollinators, belonging to six genera, and suggest that some orchid-odour components are widely shared within the sex pheromones of the Thynninae.

Some potassium‐argon ages in New England, New South Wales

1963 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cooper ◽  
J. R. Richards ◽  
A. W. Webb
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Wales

Drinking water quality in regional Hunter New England, New South Wales, Australia, 2001-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis Godfrey Jaravani ◽  
Michelle Butler ◽  
Paul Byleveld ◽  
David N. Durrheim ◽  
Peter. D. Massey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
South Wales

scholarly journals An overview of thriving through transformation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyd Dirk Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Biennial Conference ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
The University

The articles published in this special issue come from the blind peer review and refinement of papers presented to the biennial conference of the Australia New Zealand Society for Ecological Economics (ANZSEE) held at the University of New England (UNE) in Armidale, New South Wales (NSW), Australia on 19-23 October 2015. All papers jointly contribute to helping transform the human existence toward one that is socially, culturally, environmentally, ecologically, economically and politically sustainable. Transforming our human existence to meet these multiple dimensions of ‘true’ sustainability is a difficult task, balancing potentially competing interests and, inevitably, involving trade-offs between these dimensions.

Diet and growth of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, in two streams on the New England Tableland, New South Wales

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
RWJ Pidgeon
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
New England ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
South Wales

The diets and growth rates of rainbow trout in the Wollomombi and Guy Fawkes Rivers in northern New South Wales were examined. The growth rate of trout in the Wollomombi River was much higher than that of fish in the Guy Fawkes River. Spearman rank correlation coefficients indicated that stream type was more important than fish size in determining the composition of the diet of the trout. Benthic invertebrates formed the largest component of the diet in both streams: 66.0 and 63.0% of ash-free dry weight (AFDW) in the Wollomombi River and the Guy Fawkes River, respectively. Trout in the Wollomombi River consumed more nektonic prey (33.3% of AFDW) than fish in the Guy Fawkes River (3.7% of AFDW). In contrast, surface food (aquatic imagines and terrestrial insects) made up a much higher proportion of the diet of trout in the Guy Fawkes River (33.9% of AFDW) than in the Wollomombi River (0.6% of AFDW). Crayfish were a major component of the diet (in terms of AFDW) in both streams, their proportions increasing with fish size. The significance of crayfish in relation to fish growth is discussed.

Annual pattern of soil moisture stress under sown and native pastures

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Begg
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New England ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Native Pastures

Soil moisture fluctuations were measured under a phalaris-white clover pasture and under three native pasture types in the New England region of New South Wales over a 4-year period, by means of the gypsum resistance block technique. The results indicate that large differences in available soil moisture occur at times within areas of apparently similar soil type and that these differences are reflected by the different pasture types in the area. Although the lengths of the period during which soil moisture was unavailable differed considerably under the different pastures the general pattern was similar. The months of greatest soil moisture stress were December, January, April, and May, while the period of most favourable soil moisture was from June to November. Thus although most of the rain fell during the period December to May the rain which fell from June to November was more effective in maintaining available soil moisture. The subsoil dried out more rapidly and remained dry for a longer period under the sown pasture than under the native pasture type which the area previously carried, owing to the greater rate of removal of available soil moisture from under the sown pasture. Of the three native pasture types studied, the most favourable soil moisture pattern for plant growth occurred under the Sorghum-Themeda pasture. This pasture type may be a useful indicator of areas with soil conditions favourable for the growth of productive sown pastures.

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