White clover (Trifolium repens) and associated viruses in the subalpine region of south-eastern Australia: implications for GMO risk assessment

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Godfree ◽  
P. W. G. Chu ◽  
M. J. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus ◽  
Subalpine Region ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus

Over the past several years, increased emphasis has been placed on conducting comprehensive ecological-risk assessments of virus-resistant genetically modified organisms (GMOs) prior to their release into the environment. In this paper we report on the first stage in our assessment of the level of risk posed by virus-resistant transgenic Trifolium repens L. (white clover) to native plant communities in south-eastern Australia. We investigated the distribution, abundance and phytosociological characteristics of naturalised T. repens populations in two areas in the subalpine region of New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), and determined the distribution and abundance of Alfalfa mosaic virus, Clover yellow vein virus and White clover mosaic virus in 31 populations of white clover in this region. We found that T. repens is a significant component of Poa grasslands and Eucalyptus–Poa woodlands in the subalpine region, but is absent or rare in Eucalyptus species forests and Carex–Poa species bogs. Clover yellow vein virus was by far the most common virus in the study area, being present in 18% of T. repens plants across a wide range of plant communities. Alfalfa mosaic virus and White clover mosaic virus were each recorded in only one white-clover population growing in a native plant community. We conclude that white clover is a significant constituent of subalpine grasslands and woodlands in the region studied, and that of the viruses investigated, Clover yellow vein virus is the most abundant and widespread.

scholarly journals P3N-PIPO of Clover yellow vein virus exacerbates symptoms in pea infected with White clover mosaic virus and is implicated in viral synergism

Virology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 449 ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hisa ◽  
Haruka Suzuki ◽  
Go Atsumi ◽  
Sun Hee Choi ◽  
Kenji S. Nakahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus ◽  
Viral Synergism ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus

scholarly journals Viruses of White Clover in Pastures of Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 817-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Peanut Stunt Virus ◽  
Clover Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus

Incidence of six viruses was tested in white clover from 28 rotationally grazed pastures of Pennsylvania (PA), New York (NY), and Vermont (VT). Each of 17 PA pastures was sampled fall 1994, spring 1995, fall 1995, and spring 1996, and 10 pastures were sampled fall 1996. Each of five NY and six VT pastures was sampled spring and fall 1995 and 1996. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were conducted for red clover vein mosaic virus (RCVMV), white clover mosaic virus (WCMV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), peanut stunt virus (PSV), clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV), and the potyvirus group (POTY). RCVMV, WCMV, AlMV, and POTY were detected in 28, 28, 27, and 25 of the 28 pastures and in 67, 32, 30, and 7% of the 3,065 samples tested, respectively. PSV occurred at low to moderate levels in 11 PA pastures. PSV was rare in NY and was not detected in VT. CYMV was never found. Incidence of each virus varied significantly among pastures. For any given virus, there was not a significant variation in incidence among sampling dates within the NY-VT samples. RCVMV, WCMV, and POTY varied among dates within PA.

Occurrence of bean yellow mosaic virus in subterranean clover pastures and perennial native legumes

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ McKirdy ◽  
BA Coutts ◽  
RAC Jones
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
South West ◽  
Clover Yellow Vein Virus

In 1990, infection with bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was widespread in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) pastures in the south-west of Western Australia. When 100 leaves were sampled at random per pasture, the virus was detected by ELISA in 23 of 87 pastures and incidences of infection ranged from 1 to 64%. BYMV was present in all seven districts surveyed, but highest incidences of infection occurred in the Busselton district. In smaller surveys in 1989 and 1992, incidences of infection in pastures were higher than in 1990, and ranged up to 90%. In 1992, when petals from 1703 samples of 59 species of perennial native legumes from 117 sites were tested by ELISA, only 1% were found infected with BYMV. The infected samples came from 5/7 districts surveyed. Species found infected were Kennedia prostrata, K. coccinea, Hovea elliptica and H. pungens. Representative isolates of BYMV from subterranean clover and native legumes did not infect white clover systemically confirming that clover yellow vein virus (CYVV) was not involved. It was concluded that BYMV infection was present in many subterranean clover pastures, but normally at low incidences, except in epidemic years such as 1992. Also, perennial native legumes are unlikely to act as major reservoirs for reinfection of annual pastures each year. In areas of Australia with Mediterranean climates where perennial pastures are absent, persistence of the virus over summer is therefore by some other method than infection of perennials.

The effect of white clover mosaic virus on nodulation of white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Ladino)

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Guy ◽  
A Gibbs ◽  
K Harrower
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus ◽  
Infected Nodule ◽  
Mosaic Virus Infection

White clover mosaic virus infection of Ladino clover seedlings resulted in decreased plant weight and a 71 % decrease in the number of nodules per plant without the decrease in nodule size which is usually observed when legumes are virus-infected. Nodule numbers decreased both on plants nodulated with an effective strain and on those with an ineffective strain of Rhizobium.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Coat Protein Subgenomic RNA of White Clover Mosaic Virus

1987 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. S. Forster ◽  
P. J. Guilford ◽  
D. V. Faulds
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Subgenomic Rna ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus

Estimating the agronomic impact of white clover mosaic virus on white clover performance in the North Island of New Zealand

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dudas ◽  
D. R. Woodfield ◽  
P. M. Tong ◽  
M. F. Nicholls ◽  
G. R. Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
The North ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus
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