Bamboo, fire and flood: regeneration of Bambusa arnhemica (Bambuseae: Poaceae) after mass-flowering and die-off at contrasting sites in monsoonal northern Australia

Donald C. Franklin; David J. M. S. Bowman

doi:10.1071/bt03014

Bamboo, fire and flood: regeneration of Bambusa arnhemica (Bambuseae: Poaceae) after mass-flowering and die-off at contrasting sites in monsoonal northern Australia

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt03014 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 529 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Donald C. Franklin ◽

David J. M. S. Bowman

Keyword(s):

Riparian Forest ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

First Year ◽

Mass Flowering ◽

Fire Cycle ◽

Spatial Genetics ◽

Dispersal Distances ◽

Gregarious Flowering ◽

Rocky Hillside ◽

North Western

Bambusa arnhemica F.Muell., a long-lived, gregarious-flowering and semelparous bamboo endemic to north-western Australia, occurs in remarkably disparate but somewhat fire-sheltered flood-prone riparian forest and rocky hillside vine-thickets, but not in adjacent fire-prone savannas. We investigated the response of B. arnhemica seedlings to fire and flood at two contrasting sites over 2.5 years following a mass-flowering and die-off event. Seedlings grew vigorously notwithstanding either prolonged inundation or total loss of above-ground parts to fire within their first year. However, there was no evidence that such disturbance promoted regeneration, and several veins of evidence suggest that B. arnhemica is fire-retardant and refugial rather than fire-promoting. We suggest that creation of canopy gaps by parental death is a more parsimonious and generalisable hypothesis for the evolution of gregarious semelparity in bamboos than the recently advanced bamboo fire-cycle hypothesis. However, both hypotheses are potentially group selectionist, and resolution of dispersal distances and/or the spatial genetics of relatedness are required to resolve the problem.

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The abundance and distribution of eggs and larvae of some teleost fishes off Plymouth in 1969 and 1970 I. Methods and hydrography

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315400040704 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 987-996 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. J. Southward ◽

Necla Demir

Keyword(s):

First Year ◽

English Channel ◽

Teleost Fishes ◽

Abundance And Distribution ◽

Eggs And Larvae ◽

North Western ◽

Offshore Region

An area in the English Channel of 20 × 40 nautical miles, centred on the Plymouth routine stations L, L and E, was sampled at almost monthly intervals from August 1969 to November 1970, using an improved version of the 1 m net towed at 4 knots on an oblique path. The area includes an inshore region where depths are about 20 fm (37 m) and salinities 35·0‰ or less, and an offshore region with depths over 40 fm (74 m), where salinities can exceed 35·3·. During the first year the offshore region was characterized by water of south-western origin, and temperatures were higher than in the following year when north-western plankton was more in evidence.

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Effectiveness of aerial seeding and straw mulch for reducing post-wildfire erosion, north-western Montana, USA

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf07062 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 559 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Amy H. Groen ◽

Scott W. Woods

Keyword(s):

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Ground Cover ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Western Montana ◽

Weight Of Evidence ◽

First Year ◽

North West ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

North Western ◽

Aerial Seeding

Various methods are available to reduce post-wildfire erosion, but there is limited quantitative information on the relative effectiveness of these techniques. We used rainfall simulations to compare the erosion and runoff rates from adjacent 0.5-m2 plots treated with aerial grass seeding and straw mulch with untreated control plots following the July 2002 Fox Creek Fire in north-west Montana. In the first summer after the fire, plots seeded at a rate of 9 kg ha–1 had a mean of less than 5% ground cover and the seeding treatment had no effect on the rainsplash erosion rate. In contrast, straw mulch application at a rate of 2.24 Mg ha–1 resulted in ~100% ground cover and an 87% reduction in rainsplash erosion relative to the control (P = 0.001). Measurements on a subset of the plots in the second summer after the fire indicated that ground cover in the treatments and the control averaged 39%, and neither treatment provided a significant increase in ground cover or reduction in erosion relative to the control. These results add to the growing weight of evidence that straw mulch application is highly effective in reducing erosion in the first year after fire, whereas grass seeding is often ineffective because of the limited increase in ground cover that it produces.

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INTEGRATION OF PASTURE, FODDER AND CATTLE IN COCONUT SMALL HOLDINGS

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v5i02.228 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 5 (02) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

L V K Liyanage ◽

H P S Jayasundera ◽

D T Mathes ◽

D N S Fernando

Keyword(s):

Live Weight ◽

Farming System ◽

Integrated System ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

First Year ◽

Remarkable Feature ◽

The North ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

The Cost ◽

North Western

A farming system was established in a 45 year old coconut plantation at Rathmalagara Estate, Madampe, in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of an integrated farming system in relation to coconut production and productivity of land. Results inclicate that there has been no adverse effect on coconut and copra production clue to the establishment of the integrated system. The substitution of inorganic fertilizer mainly nitrogen and partly phosphorus and potassium through the integration of animals, fodder and pasture system did not affect the critical levels of nutrients in coconut leaves of treatment plots. Furthermore, feed supply through pasture/fodder in the system was adequate for cattle throughout. In terms of animal performance the average live weight gains were 306 g/head/day at the end of the first year. The most remarkable feature was that the integrated system reduced the cost of inorganic fertilizer for coconut by 69%, thus reducing the cost of production of coconut. Based on the overall results it is suggested that the integrated system is more productive and beneficial than a monoculture system to coconut small holdings.

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Life span, dispersal and age of nesting Great Grey Owls Strix nebulosa lapponica in Sweden

Ornis Svecica ◽

10.34080/os.v26.22507 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (3–4) ◽

pp. 125-134

Author(s):

Roar Solheim ◽

Ove Stefansson

Keyword(s):

Life Span ◽

Natal Dispersal ◽

First Year ◽

Secondary Dispersal ◽

Strix Nebulosa ◽

Median Distance ◽

Dispersal Distances ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

First Time

3,073 Great Grey Owls were banded in Sweden in 1955–2012. 416 were controlled at least once (54.6%) or recovered dead (45.4%). Three birds banded as nestlings were recovered in their 17th calendar year. Most birds were recovered during first year of life. Only 4 females were controlled breeding as 2CY birds. 91.3% of birds controlled as first time breeders were at least 4CY. Birds banded as nestlings and recovered dead between September and July moved 100.8 km (mean) with a median distance of 64 km. Juveniles controlled alive moved 45.9 km (mean) with a median distance of 23 km during first year of life. Maximum natal dispersal was 650 km. Median natal dispersal for females was 40 km, between 7 km and 115 km depending on longevity from hatching to control. Females at ages 2CY, 5CY, 8CY and 11CY had the lowest median natal dispersals. Median secondary dispersal distances (from one nest to a later nestsite) for females lay between 0 km and 9 km. For males both mean and median secondary dispersal distances were less than 3 km.

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XVIII.—The Benthic Amphipoda of the North-Western North Sea and Adjacent Waters

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s037016460001378x ◽

1938 ◽

Vol 57 ◽

pp. 241-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. S. Raitt

Keyword(s):

North Sea ◽

First Year ◽

Fish Food ◽

Early Stages ◽

The North ◽

Main Support ◽

North Western

The order Amphipoda, of the Crustacea Malacostraca, which consists of the 3 sub-orders Hyperiidea, Gammaridea, and Caprellidea, is highly important in the economics of the sea as a source of fish food. Hyperiids figure prominently in the diet of species which feed pelagically. Hardy (1924), for example, found them amongst the principal items in the food of East Anglian herring. Gammarids are preyed upon by bottom feeders in general. Todd (1905, 1907) and Blegvad (1916) record them in varying percentages from the stomachs of adult cod, haddock, whiting, plaice, dabs, flounders, sole, and skate. Their chief importance, however, would seem to be in the diet of fishes in post-larval and adolescent stages. Todd (1907, 1914) found Gammarids the main support of cod under 15 cm. and of plaice and dabs under 10 cm. Blegvad (1930) states that in Danish waters, plaice in their first year feed almost exclusively upon them. Clark (1922) found that in the early stages of 4 species of skate, Amphipods occurred in from 50 to 84 per cent of the stomachs examined, and Steven (1930) found the food of young stages of R. clavata and R. maculata to consist chiefly of Gammaridea. Gammarid species, as recorded by Hunt (1924), are also eaten by a variety of bottom-dwelling invertebrates.

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Geodiversity Increases Biodiversity of Plants in a Semi-arid Region

10.21203/rs.3.rs-436930/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natalie Falco ◽

Reut Tal-Berger ◽

Hezi Yizhaq ◽

Ilan Stavi ◽

Shimon Rachmilevitch

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Physical Environment ◽

Surface Heterogeneity ◽

First Year ◽

Second Year ◽

Physical Elements ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

North Western ◽

Diverse Plant ◽

Semi Arid

Abstract Geodiversity refers to the variety of geological and physical elements as well as to geomorphological processes of the earth surface. Heterogeneity of the physical environment has an impact on plant diversity. In recent years, the relations between geodiversity and biodiversity has gained attention in conservation biology, especially in the context of climate change. In this study, we assessed the effect of hillslope geodiversity – as expressed by stoniness and depth of the soil profile – on plant’s community structure. The study was conducted in the Sayeret Shaked LTER station in the semi-arid north-western Negev of Israel. Vegetation survey was conducted for two consecutive years (2016 and 2017), of which the second year was a drier and hotter than the first year. The results show that (1) geodiversity increases vegetation biodiversity, and that (2) the effect of geodiversity on plants’ community structure and species richness is greater in the drier year than that in a wetter year. The main insight is that in drylands, hillslopes with higher geodiversity better buffer the effect of drier years, and supported a more diverse plant community than lower geodiversity hillslopes.

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Сезонні ритми розвитку Hyssopus officinalis за культивування в умовах Житомирського Полісся

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2018_219 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 335-341

Author(s):

L. A. Kotyuk ◽

O. V. Shvaika

Keyword(s):

Growing Season ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Raw Material ◽

First Year ◽

Mass Flowering ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Development Cycle ◽

Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽

Effective Temperatures ◽

Phenological Phases

The duration of phenological phases of 1-7-yeats-old Hyssopus officinalis and its seasonal rhythms depending on the abiotic conditions of growth are established. It has been proved that hyssop belongs to late species by the terms of regrowth, the spring phase of which begins with the establishment of stable heat in April-May. The hyssop is attributed to the summer flowering plants, the flowering is the longest phase, and mass flowering is registered in July-August. Hyssop is a spring-summer-autumn-green plants, which begin the vegetation in spring, and in autumn they stay under the snow in green. Climatic conditions during the years of research were marked by temperature and precipitation fluctuations that affected the duration of the growing season and individual phenophases. First year seedlings of H. officinalis had the period of intensive growth and development from sowing to a period of rest was 159 days, whereas in Zhytomyr Polissya the sum of active temperatures was 2610 °С and sum of effective temperatures – 1180 °С. For 2-7-year-old hyssops the period from the spring regeneration to the death of the blooming plants and the formation of seeds lasted an average for 144 days (from 133 days in 2010 to 147 days in 2014). The range of temperatures required for the entire period was insignificant: active - from 2548.2 °C (2011) to 2696.3 °C (2012); effective - from 1152 °C (2009) to 1402.2 °C (2010). Compared with other phenological phases during the blooming period, plants require considerably more heat. The water scarcity did not affect significant on the duration of H. officinalis season rhythms. It is shown that to complete the development cycle of H. officinalis from the total amount of active temperatures was spent on average: for germination of seeds and spring regrowth – 5.9%, for stem formation phase – 13.5%, budding – 22.11%, blooming – 29.5%, fruiting – 16.5%, seeds maturation and pedicels dying – 12.6%; effective temperatures, respectively - 5.2%, 11.9%, 22%, 32.6%, 17.7%, 10.5%. The climatic conditions of Ukrainian Polissya allow to obtain hyssop plant raw material during one growing season, that indicates the adaptation of the species to the new conditions of growth.

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Nectar sources used by birds in monsoonal north-western Australia: a regional survey

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt98089 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 461 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Donald C. Franklin ◽

Richard A. Noske

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Bird Species ◽

Regional Survey ◽

Mass Flowering ◽

Woodland Birds ◽

Patterns Of Use ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Nectar Sources ◽

The Relationship ◽

North Western

We document the flora that provides nectar for birds in monsoonal north-western Australia, and examine the relationship between floral morphology and bird morphology in the region. Twenty-four regular nectarivores (21 honeyeaters, two lorikeets, one white-eye) and 29 opportunist species have been observed probing the flowers of 116 species of plants from 28 families. Amongst the nectar sources, the Myrtaceae is dominant in both the number of species and frequency of use, followed distantly by the Proteaceae and Loranthaceae. Variation between bird species in patterns of use of different floral structures primarily reflected the habitats occupied rather than shared or co-evolved morphology. Woodland birds made particular use of staminiferous cups, mangal specialists particular use of open sepaliferous and petaliferous flowers, and forest specialists and habitat generalists intermediate use of these flower types. Bird–flower relationships in monsoonal Australia may be generalised because of a combination of the dominance of mass-flowering myrtaceous trees, aridity during past glacials that may have eliminated specialists from the system, and perhaps also because many nectar sources are shared with bats.

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