Cytogenetics and reproductive biology of mangroves in Rhizophoraceae

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Prakash Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Partial Homology

Three mangrove species, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., Rhizophora samoensis (Hochr.) Salvoza, Rhizophora stylosa Griff. and a putative hybrid Rhizophora ×selala (Salvoza) between the latter two species were studied for their cytogenetics and reproductive biology. Although chromosome numbers in all four taxa were confirmed as 2n = 36, the size of the chromosomes was slightly larger in genus Bruguiera. Regular chromosome pairing was observed in the three species; however, in the hybrid meiosis was very irregular. Pollen viability in all three species was very high (>80%); however, in the hybrid pollen viability was <10%. This could be due to non-homology in the chromosomes of the two parental species and irregular meiosis in the hybrid. Due to highly irregular meiosis in the hybrid and uneven distribution of chromosomes to the two poles, most of the pollen was non-viable. All three species were fully self-compatible. Between B. gymnorrhiza and the two Rhizophora species, pollen in crosses and reciprocal crosses failed to germinate, indicating cross-incompatibility between these two genera. Partial cross-compatibility was recorded between R. samoensis and R. stylosa. In many crosses, pollen tubes were observed growing freely up to the base of the style. This also accords with occasional crossing of these species in nature. However, due to only partial homology in the chromosomes of these two species, the hybrids produced are always sterile. Similarly, cross-compatibility between the hybrid and its two parental species was also partial. This could be attributed to allelic differences between the two species and their hybrid and also to physiological and/or chemical hindrance of the pollen-tube growth through the stylar tissue.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Pairing and Pollen Viability in Rhizophora mangle and Rhizophora stylosa Hybrids

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand P. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Diploid Number ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Chromosomal Pairing ◽  
Very High

Two prominent mangrove species of Fiji, Rhizophora mangle, Linn. Rhizophora stylosa Griff and their puative hyubrid (R x selala) were analysed for chromosome number and pairing. Both parental species and their hybrid possess a diploid number of (2n) = 36 chromosomes. Regular 18 bivalents were observed in two species but the hybrid lacked proper chromosome pairing during meiosis. Analysis of tetrads showed normal tetrad and microspores development in parental species but very high abnormality in the hybrid. Pollen fertility determined by staining technique and pollen germination technique showed very high pollen viability in both parental species but very low pollen viability in the putative hybrid. Lack of chromosomal homology appears to be contributing to high percentage of non-viable pollen resulting in complete sterility in the putative hybrid.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE DI DESA MENDALOK KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul Muharamsyah ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari ◽  
Hafiz Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica

Mangrove forests are unique ecosystems that have ecological, biological and socio-economic functions. The function of mangrove forests on the environment is very important especially in the coastal and oceanic regions. Mangrove forests providers of wood, leaves as raw material for medicines, and natural dye. This study aims to inventory the diversity of species of mangrove vegetation in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. The benefits of this study are to provide the data on mangrove forest vegetation as basic data for local government and related agencies in efforts to protect and preserve mangrove forests in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. Inventory the tree in mangrove forest used a line with measured 200 meters. There are 6 lines and the distance between the lines as far as 100 meters. The lines of observation are placed by purposive sampling. The results of research found 11 types of species and consisted of 6 genera. The genera are Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Soneratia and Xylocarpus. The species found were Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus mollucensis. Diversity of mangrove species in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency was high and should be maintained for conservation and ecotourism area. Keywords : conservation, ecotourism, mangrove, Mendalok Village

The anatomical basis of the link between density and mechanical strength in mangrove branches

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia S. Santini ◽  
Nele Schmitz ◽  
Vicki Bennion ◽  
Catherine E. Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Anatomical Basis

Tree branches are important as they support the canopy, which controls photosynthetic carbon gain and determines ecological interactions such as competition with neighbours. Mangrove trees are subject to high wind speeds, strong tidal flows and waves that can damage their branches. The survival and establishment of mangroves partly depend on the structural and mechanical characteristics of their branches. In addition, mangroves are exposed to soils that vary in salinity. Highly saline conditions can increase the tension in the water column, imposing mechanical stresses on the xylem vessels. Here, we investigated how mechanical strength, assessed as the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and the modulus of rupture (MOR), and density relate to the anatomical characteristics of intact mangrove branches from southeast Queensland and whether the mechanical strength of branches varies among mangrove species. Mechanical strength was positively correlated with density of mangrove intact branches. Mechanical strength (MOE) varied among species, with Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. branches having the highest mechanical strength (2079 ± 176 MPa), and Rhizophora stylosa Griff. and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny ex Lam. and Poiret having the lowest mechanical strength (536.8 ± 39.2 MPa in R. stylosa and 554 ± 58.2 MPa in B. gymnorrhiza). High levels of mechanical strength were associated with reductions in xylem vessel lumen area, pith content and bark content, and positively associated with increases in fibre wall thickness. The associations between mechanical strength and anatomical characteristics in mangrove branches suggest trade-offs between mechanical strength and water supply, which are linked to tree growth and survival.

scholarly journals Vegetation and Community Structure of Mangrove in Bama Resort Baluran National Park Situbondo East Java

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Sucipto Hariyanto ◽  
Akhmad Kharish Fahmi ◽  
Thin Soedarti ◽  
Emy Endah Suwarni
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Outer Zone ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa

Ecotourism development program at Bama beaches area require baseline data of mangrove structure at Bama Resort and in the past two decades has been lost about 35% area of mangrove forest in Indonesia and in the worldThe aims of this study was to find structure, composition, distribution and zonation patterns of mangroves at Bama Resort Baluran Nasional Park. Ten belt-transects were laid perpendicular to the shoreline, using standard methods. Vegetation structure was determined using data collected on plant species diversity, density, basal area, and the number of each species of mangroves. Shannon Wiener index to calculated diversity, evennes and Simpson to calculated dominance index. The results show there are 2 families and 6 mangrove species occurring in the study areas that is Rhizophoraceae (Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Ceriops tagal) and Araceae (Nypa fruticans). The highest importance value was R. apiculata (229.90%) for trees, R. apiculata (148.69%) for the sapling, and R. apiculata (244.83%) for the seedling. The diversity (H) and dominance index (C) values were moderate (1.79) and 0.521. The most dominant species was R. apiculata (C=0.487). The mangrove zonation pattern from coastline to the mainland was R. stylosa, R. mucronata, and R. apiculata, in the outer zone, respectively (zone directly adjacent to the sea); B. gymnorrhiza and C. tagal in the middle zone; and N. fruticans in the zone that adjacent to the mainland. The present study will aid in the conduct and preservation planning of mangrove forest especially at Bama coast and generally in the coastal areas of Indonesia.

Morphological and Anatomical Characterization of Solidago × niederederi and Other Sympatric Solidago Species

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birutė Karpavičienė ◽  
Jolita Radušienė
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Solidago Virgaurea ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Numbers

Two species of invasive goldenrods, Solidago canadensis and Solidago gigantea, are spread over all territories of Lithuania. Solidago × niederederi, a putative hybrid between S. canadensis and native Solidago virgaurea, was found in 27 populations mixed with the parental species. This research represents the characterization of S. × niederederi in comparison to the other mentioned Solidago species, with the use of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal-components analysis (PCA), and discriminant analysis of a large data set. Twenty quantitative, four qualitative, and five ratio morphological and anatomical characteristics, pollen viability, and somatic chromosome numbers of the four Solidago species were studied with the aim to ascertain inter- and intraspecific variation and reliable features identifying S. × niederederi, and to test the hypothesized hybrid origin. The PCA of morphological and anatomical characteristics showed the clear intermediate position of S. × niederederi compared to S. canadensis and S. virgaurea. The results showed that the most informative characteristics for the distinction of hybrids from parental species are floral traits such as the lengths of the disc, ray florets, and involucre. The intermediate stomatal characteristics and sharply decreased pollen viability discovered herein could potentially be used as an additional discriminating character in Solidago hybrid identification and support the hybrid origin of S. × niederederi.

scholarly journals Percentage of Mangrove Canopy Cover and Mollusks Abundance in Benoa Bay Mangrove Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Shintani Asri Tinambunan ◽  
Nyoman Dati Pertami ◽  
Ni Made Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Hemispherical Photography ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
The Relationship

This research was conducted to determine the condition of the mangrove ecosystem based on its canopy cover and to determine the types of mollusks (Bivalves and Gastropods) associated with the Benoa Bay mangrove ecosystem. Hemispherical photography is a method for observing mangrove canopy cover and line transect method for mollusks. The composition of mangrove species found in the research location were five species, namely Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Avicennia marina. The percentage of mangrove canopy cover in the Benoa Bay mangrove ecosystem is in a good category (average = 76.59%). There are eight types of mollusks found in the research location. There are two types of bivalves (Polymesoda bengalensis and Gafrarium pectinatum) and six types of gastropods (Nerita balteata, Nerita picea, Neritina turrita, Pila ampullacea, Cassidula aurisfelis, and Littoraria melanostoma). The relationship between the percentage of mangrove canopy cover and abundance of mollusks in the Benoa Bay mangrove ecosystem is very strong (r) of 0.920. The higher the percentage value of mangrove canopy cover, the higher the mollusks abundance.

scholarly journals The affinity of mangrove species using Association and Cluster Index in North Coast of Jakarta and Segara Anakan of Cilacap, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Hilmi ◽  
Lilik Kartika Sari ◽  
Tri Nur Cahyo ◽  
Muslih MUSLIH ◽  
Arif Mahdiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Association Index ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Species Association ◽  
Nypa Fruticans ◽  
Cluster Index ◽  
Bruguiera Parviflora

Abstract. Hilmi E, Sari LK, Cahyo TN, Muslih, Mahdiana A, Samudra SR. 2021. The affinity of mangrove species using Association and Cluster Index in North Coast of Jakarta and Segara Anakan of Cilacap, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2907-2920. The affinity of mangrove species using association and cluster index describe relationship among mangrove species. The species association and clustering explain the degree of utilization of resources and space by mangrove species. The association and cluster also describe specific species adaptation in mangrove ecosystems. This paper was aimed to analyze species affinity using association and clustering index of mangrove species. The association index used Chi-square equation and the clustered index used Euclidian distance analysis. The results showed that (i) mangrove density in Segara Anakan (166-4000 trees ha-1) > North Jakarta (220-1100 trees ha-1). (ii) Nypa fruticans, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora apiculata dominated in Segara Anakan of Cilacap, and Rhizophora stylosa and Avicennia marina dominated in North Jakarta (iii) The association index had 12 pairs of negative species association and 17 pairs of positive species association, but most of mangrove vegetations had no association. (iv) mangrove ecosystem in Segara Anakan and North Jakarta had four clusters with Euclidean distance (ED score) 484 to describe cluster between Bruguiera parviflora-Bruguiera sexangula until 76430847 to describe cluster among Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Exoecaria agallocha, Nypa fruticans, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia caseolaris

scholarly journals Cytogenetics and Reproductive Biology of some BELE (Abelmoschus manihot Linn., Medic Sub-Species manihot) Cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand P. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Fiji Islands ◽  
Cross Compatibility

Four locally grown (from Fiji Islands) and three imported (from Papua New Guinea), a total of seven BELE (Abelmoschus manihot Linn., Medic sub-species manihot) cultivars were investigated for their cytogenetics and reproductive biology. Chromosome counting from flower buds and root tips showed that chromosome number in all the seven cultivars does not exceed 2n=66. Pollen viability in all the seven cultivars was high, exceeding 85% from pollen staining technique and 78% from pollen germination technique. All the seven Bele cultivars were fully self-compatible. Cross-compatibility among four local cultivars and three cultivars from Papua New Guinea was very high. However cross compatibility between local (Fijian) cultivars and cultivars from Papua New Guinea was partial indicating some degree of genetic difference between cultivars from two countries. This could be due to differences in compatibility alleles between cultivars from Fiji and Papua New Guinea. Procedures such as cutting the style shorter and placing pollen grains to enhance and affect fertilisation to get cross seed were suggested.

scholarly journals Pollen viability and germinability of putative Bursera hybrids (section Bullockia; Burseraceae) in Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yessica Rico ◽  
Leticia Reyes Estanislao
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Hybrid Fitness ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Ploidy Levels

Background and Aims: The genus Bursera (~100 species) has its center of diversification and endemism in Mexico. Interspecific hybridization is a frequent phenomenon in Bursera in areas where related species coexist. Hybridization on the one hand can reinforce reproductive barriers, increase genetic variation, generate novel ecotypes and new lineages, and on the other hand, can lead to maladaptation. However, the ecological and evolutionary consequences of natural hybridization critically depend on hybrid fitness. In this study, within a putative hybrid population in the tropical dry forest of the Bajío region in Mexico and as a proxy of hybrid fitness, we investigated pollen viability among Bursera cuneata, B. bipinnata, and their putative hybrid.Methods: We used two techniques: a pollen staining test with tetrazolium chloride 1% and an in vitro germination test to observe the formation of pollen tubes. Viability percentages were calculated for each group; statistical tests were conducted with general linear models. Key results: Results demonstrated that the putative hybrid is not sterile and exhibited higher germination rates relative to the parental species. Conclusions: Our results imply that gene flow between the parental species and the putative hybrid is likely to occur. Future genetic studies should confirm the genetic identity and ploidy levels of hybrids and evaluate whether genetic introgression has occurred. Our study demonstrates that Bursera hybrids can be fertile and contributes towards understanding the role of hybridization and reproductive isolation in Mexican Bursera species.

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