Long-term storage of mycorrhizal fungi and seed as a tool for the conservation of endangered Western Australian terrestrial orchids

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Batty ◽  
K. W. Dixon ◽  
M. Brundrett ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
The Impact

The impact of seed drying, seed storage and development of testing procedures for seed viability assessment was undertaken for a selection of common taxa with congeners that are rare and endangered (Caladenia, Diuris, Pterostylisand Thelymitra). Freshly collected seed showed significantly lower levels of germination compared with seed that had been subjected to drying over silica gel for 24 h. Seed dried over silica gel for 24 h and plunged into liquid nitrogen exhibited a further increase in germination levels. Germination of seed stored at 4, 18 or 22˚C for 1 year was substantially higher than freshly collected seed (4 weeks after dehiscence), but germination was highest overall after storage of dried seed in liquid nitrogen (–196˚C). Mycorrhizal fungi that promote the germination and growth of plants were also successfully preserved in liquid nitrogen. The use of cryoprotectants on fungal isolates had no observable deleterious effects on fungal regeneration. Histochemical staining procedures (tetrazolium, fluorescein diacetate and Evans blue) substantially overestimated seed viability, relative to symbiotic seed germination, for most seed treatments indicating a need for re-evaluation of the effectiveness of staining procedures for testing viability. The implications of the long-term ex situ storage of orchid seed and fungal symbionts for the conservation of endangered orchids is discussed.

scholarly journals The impact of temperature patterns during storage of Scots pine and Norway spruce seeds on their germination and fungal infection rates

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167
Author(s):  
M. A. Nikolaeva ◽  
E. Yu. Varentsova ◽  
G. F. Safina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Seed Infection ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the study. One of the ways to maintain the genetic diversity of forest-forming species is to preserve highquality seed material ex situ. However, the relationship between the diversity of pathogenic mycobiota and the duration and methods of forest tree seed storage remains underexplored. The results of research into this problem can be used in forest seed production and forest phytopathology.Materials and methods. For our study we used seeds ofРinus sylvestris L. and Picea abies (L.) Karst. of the orthodox type, harvested in the period of 1996–2011 and stored under different temperatures: +20°С, +4°С, –18°С, and in liquid nitrogen vapor (–182°С) since 2011. Prior to their storage, seed samples were dried to a moisture content of 4.2–4.4% and hermetically packed. Seed germination was tested before and after three, five and eight years of storage, following GOST 13056.6-97 standards. The level of seed infection and the composition of pathogenic fungi were assessed.Results. After eight years of storage at +20°С, pine and spruce seed germination capacity decreased by 13–60%, depending on the year of harvesting. Seed storage at –18°С and –182°С allowed us to prevent seed infection and preserve seed viability. In most cases, the germination energy and germination capacity were negatively correlated with the level of seed infection. The diversity of pathogenic (mold) fungi on the surface of seeds was represented by ten genera; the most common were saprotrophs: Aspergillus P. Micheli, Penicillium Link, Rhizopus Ehrenb., Scopulariopsis Bainier.Conclusion. At the present stage of research, the success of seed storage at low and ultralow temperatures was demonstrated. We recommend cryopreservation for the long-term storage of improved and valuable seeds.

One-step fitting of seed viability constants for two Australian plant species, Eucalyptus erythrocorys (Myrtaceae) and Xanthorrhoea preissii (Xanthorrhoeacea)

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Crawford ◽  
F. R. Hay ◽  
J. A. Plummer ◽  
R. J. Probert ◽  
K. J. Steadman
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
One Step

Long-term ex-situ seed storage under controlled conditions in gene banks has become an important tool for conserving threatened Australian plants; however, there is scant information about the seed longevity of most species. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the seed longevity of two contrasting Australian species could be modelled using the seed viability equation, and whether the universal temperature constants are applicable to these species. Seeds of Eucalyptus erythrocorys F.Muell. (Myrtaceae) and Xanthorrhoea preissii Endl. (Xanthorrhoeaceae) were aged at moisture contents ranging from 3.9 to 15.7% and temperatures between –20 and 60°C. Survival data were fitted to the seed viability equation in one step and the species constants for each species determined. Both E. erythrocorys and X. preissii seeds exhibited orthodox seed storage behaviour whose longevity could be modelled using the seed viability equation. The viability constants were KE = 8.81, CW = 4.97, CH = 0.0412 and CQ = 0.000379 for E. erythrocorys and KE = 8.77, CW = 5.29, CH = 0.0382 and CQ = 0.000473 for X. preissii. The universal temperature constants could not be used without a significant increase in error. The storage behaviour of these two Australian species is in keeping with that of orthodox species from around the world. Predictions are that E. erythrocorys will be long-lived under gene bank conditions, whereas X. preissii would be moderately long-lived. Current long-term gene bank storage conditions appear suitable for storage of these species; however, recommendations for short-term storage need to be re-evaluated.

scholarly journals 833 PB 343 EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DRYING METHODS AND MOISTURE LEVELS ON SOYBEAN SEED VIABILITY AND VIGOR

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 552e-552
Author(s):  
Jian Fang ◽  
E.E. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Glycine Max L

Achieving the optimum moisture content for long-term seed storage usually requires that seeds be dried after receipt at a genebank. Soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds were dried using four procedures: over concentrated H2S O4, over silica gel, at 15% relative humidity (RH), or in an oven at temperatures of 30, 35 and 40C. Following dying seeds were stored at 40C for 10 days and at 5C for one yr. Seeds were evaluated for germination and vigor (root length, dehydrogenase, and leachate conductivity). Initial moisture content (mc) was reduced from 8.3% to between 6.6% (24 hr at 30C) and 4.6% (H2S O4, 30 days). Germination and vigor of seeds was essentially unchanged immediately following the drying treatments. Storage for 10 days at 40C reduced germination by up to 12% while storage for one yr at 5C had a similar effect (14% maximum loss) for most treatments. The treatments having the lowest drop in germination after one yr of storage treatment were the silica gel and the 30C oven treatments, which dropped only 3% in germination. Drying at 15% RH, also resulted in a lower loss in germination. In all three tests, vigor of seeds after storage at 40C was higher than controls for the the silica gel and 15% RH treatments as well as for the 30C and 35C oven treatments. Storage at 5C gave similar results for all three vigor assessments.

Simultaneous encapsulation of seed and mycorrhizal fungi for long-term storage and propagation of terrestrial orchids

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Sommerville ◽  
John P. Siemon ◽  
Chris B. Wood ◽  
Catherine A. Offord
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Mycorrhizal Associations ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids

Ex situ conservation of threatened terrestrial orchids requires the simultaneous conservation of their mycorrhizal associations. A method for encapsulating both seed and fungi in alginate beads (known as encapsulation–dehydration) was applied to the storage and propagation of two endangered orchid species in NSW, Australia—Pterostylis saxicola D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem. and Diuris arenaria D.L.Jones. We tested the effect of storage duration and temperature on fungal recovery and germination potential in vitro, and recorded survival for seedlings subsequently transferred to potting mix. Storage at 23°C significantly reduced fungal recovery and germination for both species after only 3 months (P < 0.05), whereas storage at 4°C significantly reduced fungal recovery for P. saxicola after 6 months (P < 0.05). Storage for 6 months at −18 and −196°C had no significant effect on the fungal recovery and germination percentages of either species. All beads transferred directly from in vitro culture to potting mix resulted in the establishment of at least one seedling, and production of a healthy tuberoid, when transferred near the commencement of the natural growing season. The encapsulation–dehydration method may have a practical application for use in ex situ conservation of other terrestrial orchids, as well as their mycorrhizal fungi.

scholarly journals The National Tree Seed Centre Celebrates 40 Years

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-722
Author(s):  
J D Simpson ◽  
B S.P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gene Conservation ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Seed Physiology ◽  
Technology Research Group ◽  
Insect Attack ◽  
Tree Seed

The National Tree Seed Centre has been providing seed of known origin and quality for research for 40 years. Seed is also stored for long-term gene conservation purposes to provide a source of germplasm for future research and restoration. This is particularly important for species facing such threats as insect attack, disease, climate change, or conversion of forest land to non-forest uses. The Centre's inventory focuses on native tree and shrub species, striving to store samples from throughout their ranges. Over 26 000 seed samples have been sent to researchers in 65 countries, 70% of these samples being distributed within Canada. Seed research has always been a component of the Seed Centre's program. One notable accomplishment is the development of the Petawawa Germination Box. The Seed Centre participates in and contributes to activities of the Association of Official Seed Analysts, the International Seed Testing Association, and the IUFRO Seed Physiology and Technology Research Group. Key words: collection, dormancy, ex situ gene conservation, germination, research, seed, storage

scholarly journals Mid storage seed hardening: a mechanical method to maintain seed viability during long term jute seed preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Md. Nasir Uddin ◽  
S. M. Mahbub Ali ◽  
Md. Abu Sadat ◽  
Md Amazed Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Israt Jahan Mumu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Hardening Treatment

Seed plays an important role in agricultural sector for both production and consumption purpose. Availability of vigour seed is one of the major constraints for maximizing crop production. However, healthy seed can also lose its viability during seed storage by changing different physio-chemical properties. Influence of environmental factors and seed containers during storage leading to seed deterioration. In this research, mid storage seed hardening treatment was applied in different aged seeds of jute species (C. Capsularis & C. olitorius) with two types of storage bags. Seed hardening treatment showed the less moisture content with better germination percentage compared to the untreated species of jute seeds. Seed packing in polythene bags during both short and long term seed storages had higher viable seeds compared to the cloth packing seeds. The effect of seed hardening treatment on seed oil content and pattern of oil degradation is distinct in early period of storage. The faster rate of oil degradation, soluble protein and free amino acids was found in seeds of un-treated stored seeds in cloth bag. Contrary, very slow rate of oil degradation was observed in harden seed and stored in polythene bag which indicated better storability of harden seeds.

Seed storage and germination studies of Garcinia talbotii Raizada ex Santapau seeds - an endemic tree from Western Ghats of India

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
T. Sabu ◽  
P.S. Shameer ◽  
Chitra Rajeswary ◽  
N. Mohanan ◽  
C. Anilkumar
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Hermetic Storage ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage

Seeds of Garcinia talbotii remained viable hardly for two weeks in open room conditions. As part of ex-situ conservation of Garcinia talbotii, seeds longevity was studied since seeds are the main propagule. For this, the relationship of seed viability with respect to different moisture content and storage temperature were analyzed. Seed storage behaviour is also investigated. Being recalcitrant, seeds are desiccation sensitive as well as chilling sensitive. During hermetic storage of seeds at 300C /70 % RH seeds retained viability about 6 months.

High seed viability recorded in an endangered endemic species, 'Isoplexis isabelliana' (Scrophulariaceae), after more than 30 years of storage in a conservation seed bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e69341
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel González Pérez ◽  
Nereida Cabrera-García ◽  
Isabel Cayon-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Ex Situ

Conservation seed banks are essential for ex-situ conservation of genetic biodiversity. These institutions are especially relevant for threatened species and play a vital role in their conservation by preserving genetic material. However, samples deposited in the seed banks must germinate when necessary to use them (i.e., recovery plans, etc.). This study uses four accessions of the endemic endangered species from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands), Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masf. (Scrophulariaceae). Germination tests were carried out to measure seed viability through time and the possible impact of seed storage on their viability. These accessions have been kept in the seed bank for four months to thirty years under different storage conditions. Germination results differed for seeds after 45 days of exposition using 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness at 17 °C. Accessions kept in the seed bank, independently of storage, showed a high germination percentage (89%). Whereas the accessions with rough storage conditions showed a 0% germination rate. The results highlighted the good state of conservation of the material deposited in the Seed Bank of the Botanical Garden "Viera y Clavijo" and the reliability of the temperature and humidity conditions in which the seeds of I. isabelliana have been stored. We consider these results as momentous since several natural populations of I. isabelliana has been affected by the last forest fire on the island.

scholarly journals Optimal long-term seed storage conditions for the endangered seagrass Zostera japonica: implications for habitat conservation and restoration

Plant Methods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shidong Yue ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Shaochun Xu ◽  
Shuai Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Storage ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Zostera Japonica ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
Seagrass Meadows ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Background Seagrass meadows are recognized as critical and among the most vulnerable habitats on the planet. The alarming rates of decline in seagrass meadows have attracted the attention globally. There is an urgent need to develop techniques to restore and preserve these vital coastal ecosystems. So far little work has been done to develop effective long-term storage method for seagrass seeds. The seagrass Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn is an endangered species in its native range. Here we utilized combinations of different storage times, salinities, and temperature to determine the most appropriate conditions for optimal seed storage. Results Zostera japonica seeds were strongly desiccation sensitive, with a complete loss of viability after 24 h of desiccation. Therefore, long periods of exposure to air should be avoided to minimize seed mortality. In addition, Z. japonica seeds could not endure freezing conditions such as – 5 °C. However, our results indicated that reduced storage temperature to 0 °C could effectively prolong the duration of dormancy of Z. japonica seeds. Seeds stored at 0 °C under a salinity of 40–60 psu showed relatively low seed loss, high seed vigor and fast seed germination, suggesting these to be optimal seed storage conditions. For example, after storage for 540 days (ca. 600 days since the seed collection from reproductive shoots in early October, 2016) at 0 °C under a salinity of 50 psu, seeds still had a considerable vigor, i.e. 57.8 ± 16.8%. Conclusion Our experiments demonstrated that seeds stored at 0 °C under a salinity of 40–60 psu could effectively prolong the duration of dormancy of Z. japonica seeds. The proposed technique is a simple and effective long-term storage method for Z. japonica seeds, which can then be used to aid future conservation, restoration and management of these sensitive and ecologically important habitat formers. The findings may also serve as useful reference for seed storage of other threatened seagrass species and facilitate their ex situ conservation and habitat restoration.

scholarly journals Storage Potentials and Tolerance of High Protein Maize (HPM) and Quality Protein Maize (QPM) to Seed Storage Pests in Controlled Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Adetumbi Adedayo ◽  
Olakojo Adelowo
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Storage Pests ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Maize Varieties

Storage Potentials and Tolerance of High Protein Maize (HPM) and Quality Protein Maize (QPM) to Seed Storage Pests in Controlled EnvironmentStudies on seed storage were conducted at seed processing and storage section of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan Nigeria in 2007 and 2008, to evaluate High protein maize (HPM) seed for resistance/tolerance to storage insect pest, and assess the resultant effect of seed treatment chemicals on its germination potential. Seeds of HPM variety (ART-98-SW1) and Quality protein maize (QPM) variety (ILE-1-OB) and two varieties of field corn (SUWAN-1-SR and TZPB-SRW) were treated with chemicals, namely Fitscophos™, Actellic 25 EC™, Apron Star™ and combination of Actellic 25 EC and Fitscophos before storing them under controlled environment for six months. The results show that HPM, QPM and field corn require storage chemicals for effective storage, but both QPM and HPM varieties were significantly damaged by storage insect pests compared to field corn varieties regardless of the chemical used. Apron Star effectively reduced infestation by insect pests, but it may bring about significant reduction in seed viability if used for long term storage. Combination of Actellic 25 EC and Fitscophos successfully reduced infestation by insect pests without significant injurious effect on seed viability. Breeding programmes for resistance to storage pests is recommended while long term effects of Apron Star on seed viability needs to be investigated before recommending it for use in HPM/QPM maize varieties.

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