scholarly journals Short-term Effects of Exogenous Growth Hormone: Effects on Milk Production and Utilization of Nutrients in Muscle and Mammary Tissues of Lactating Ewes

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
GH McDowell ◽  
D Leenanuruksa ◽  
P Niumsup ◽  
JM Gooden ◽  
JG van der Walt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Hormone Effects ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Mammary Tissues

Exogenous bovine growth hormone at a dose of 0�1 mg kg-1liveweight increased yields of milk and milk constituents and milk fat content when injected over 5 days into ewes in mid-lactation. These changes in milk production were associated with changes in the supply to, and utilization of, nutrients by leg muscle and mammary tissues.

Association of the Leu127 variant of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene with increased yield of milk, fat, and protein in Australian Holstein-Friesians

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Shariflou ◽  
C. Moran ◽  
F. W. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Trait Locus

The occurrence of the Leu127/Val127 variants of the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene and their effect on milk production traits was investigated in Australian Holstein-Friesian cattle. Animals were genotyped for the Leu127/Val127 variants, with RFLP methodology, using PCR and AluI digestion of PCR products (AluI-RFLP). Alleles Leu127 and Val127 occurred with frequencies of 82% and 18%, respectively. The quantitative effect of this polymorphic site on milk-production traits was estimated from lactation data and test-day data. Results from the 2 data sets consistently showed that the Leu127 allele is associated with higher production of milk, fat, and protein and is dominant to Val127. The average effects of the gene substitution are 95 L for milk yield, 7 kg for fat yield, and 3 kg for protein yield per lactation. This locus may be directly responsible for quantitative variation or it may be a marker for a closely linked quantitative trait locus (QTL) for milk-production traits in Australian dairy cattle. In either case, it will be useful as an aid to selection for improvement of milk production traits. As the Leu127 allele is dominant, selection of AI sires homozygous for the Leu127 allele (Leu127/Leu127) will result in maximum benefit without the need for genotyping cows.

A review of bovine growth hormone

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne L. Burton ◽  
Brian W. McBride ◽  
Elliot Block ◽  
David R. Glimm ◽  
John J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Exogenous Growth

Unprecedented numbers of technical papers, abstracts, and short communications have been published in the past decade regarding the effects of exogenous bovine growth hormone on milk production, health, and reproductive efficiency of treated dairy cows. In well-managed dairy herds, exogenous growth hormone increases milk production without altering normal variability in milk composition. This has held true regardless of dairy breed tested, geographical location studied, or feeding management system used. Also consistent across studies is the rapidity of the galactopoietic effect of administered bovine growth hormone, which arises from altered partitioning and use of post-absorptive nutrients and increased synthetic capacity of the mammary gland. Growth hormone and its associated peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I, are now known to provide chronic lipolytic, diabetogenic, and gluconeogenic signals to target tissues culminating in increased mammary gland availability of glucose and nonesterified fatty acids. Together with yet ill-defined effects on mammary secretory tissue, this homeorhetic control of metabolism elicited by exogenous growth hormone is so efficient that treated cows are not more susceptible to metabolic disorders than untreated cows. However, some studies have reported an increased frequency of mastitis in groups of treated cows. This has been attributed mainly to increased milk volume in the mammary glands of treated cows and no convincing data are available that show decreased mammary gland immunity as a result of growth hormone treatments. On the contrary, an expanding body of evidence implicates growth hormone as a key neuroendocrine factor that is required for immunological competence. Trends of decreased reproductive efficiency in cows treated with growth hormone have also been reported, but available data imply that this is probably an indirect effect via prolonged negative energy balance in cows treated in early lactation rather than a direct negative effect on estrous cycling via altered reproductive hormone profiles. The objectives of the present review are to bring into focus and summarize pertinent biological discoveries regarding the treatment of dairy cows with recombinant bovine growth hormone, and to explore areas where additional growth hormone research is needed or warranted. Key words: Growth hormone, somatotropin, dairy cows, insulin-like growth factor-I

scholarly journals Responses of Lactating Ewes to Exogenous Growth Hormone: Short- and Long-term Effects on Productivity and Tissue Utilization of Key Metabolites

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
LD Sandles ◽  
YX Sun ◽  
AGC D'Cruz ◽  
GH McDowell ◽  
JM Gooden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Short And Long Term

Responses to daily injections of bovine growth hormone (GH, 0�15 mg kg- 1 liveweight), beginning on day 10 of lactation, were measured in lactating ewes. Milk yields of GH-treated ewes increased soon after commencement of injections and continued to increase for some 25 days before reaching plateau levels. By comparison, yields of ewes injected with excipient (controls) decreased over the experiment. There was a tendency for contents of milk fat to be higher and milk protein to be lower for GH-treated than for control ewes during the first 15-20 days after injections were started.

The effect of injecting or infusing low doses of bovine growth hormone on milk yield, milk composition and the quantity of hormone in the milk serum of cows

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Hart ◽  
J. A. Bines ◽  
S. James ◽  
S. V. Morant
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Milk Serum ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTThe effects of administering bovine growth hormone (bGH) on milk production in cattle were examined in two experiments.In experiment 1, a Latin-square design, three groups of four Friesian cows were injected daily with one of two doses of bGH (6 ng/kg and 30 ug/kg; 0·82 unit/mg) or with saline (control) throughout three successive 21-day periods in mid-lactation. At 30 ug/kg daily bGH stimulated a significant increase in milk yield (P < 0·001) and this response increased with the duration of treatment. Changes in the yields of milk fat, protein and lactose closely followed the changes in milk production. The concentrations of milk fat (P < 0·05) and protein (P < 0·05) rose and fell respectively during the 1st week of injections.' A daily dose of 6 ug/kg bGH failed to stimulate an increase in milk yield but milk lactose content was reduced (P < 0·05) during the 2nd and 3rd weeks of treatment. The proportion of milk serum samples containing detectable quantities of the hormone was increased by the higher dose of bGH.In experiment 2 the milk yields of four Friesian cows were measured when bGH (21·0 to 37·9 mg/day) or saline was infused intravenously for 6 days. The infusions produced up to eight-fold increases in plasma bGH. These were within physiological limits, and remained at elevated levels throughout the 24-h period. Three of the cows demonstrated a clear increase in milk production.

An association analysis between PRL genotype and milk production traits in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Aixin Liang ◽  
Zipeng Li ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Guohua Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Mediterranean River

This Research Communication describes the association between genetic variation within the prolactin (PRL) gene and the milk production traits of Italian Mediterranean river buffalo (Bufala mediterranea Italiana). High resolution melting (HRM) techniques were developed for genotyping 465 buffaloes. The association of genetic polymorphism with milk production traits was performed and subsequently the effects of parity and calving season were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2 and 5 and at introns 1 and 2. All the SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and statistical analysis showed that the polymorphism of intron1 was significantly (P < 0·05) associated with milk yield, milk protein content and peak milk yield. The average contribution of the intron1 genotype (r2intron1) to total phenotypic variance in milk production traits was 0·09, and the TT genotype showed lower values than CC and CT genotypes. A nonsynonymous SNP was identified in exon 2, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to cysteine. Moreover, the polymorphism of exon 2 was associated significantly with milk fat content (P < 0·05), and the buffaloes with TT genotype showed higher total fat content than the buffaloes with CT genotype. These findings provide evidence that polymorphisms of the buffalo PRL gene are associated with milk production traits and PRL can be used as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo breeding.

scholarly journals Sequence Variations in the Bovine Growth Hormone Gene Characterized by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis and Their Association with Milk Production Traits in Holsteins

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1809-1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Yao ◽  
Samuel E Aggrey ◽  
David Zadworny ◽  
J Flan Hayes ◽  
Urs Kühnlein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Sscp Analysis ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

Sequence variations in the bovine growth hormone (GH) gene were investigated by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of seven amplified fragments covering almost the entire gene (2.7 kb). SSCPs were detected in four of these fragments and a total of six polymorphisms were found in a sample of 128 Holstein bulls. Two polymorphisms, a T→C transition in the third intron (designated GH4.1) and an A→C transversion in the fifth exon (designated GH6.2), were shown to be associated with milk production traits. GH4.1c/GH4.1c bulls had higher milk yield than GH4.1c/GH4.1t (P ≤ 0.005) and GH4.1t/GH4.1t (P ≤ 0.0022) bulls. GH4.1c/GH4.1c bulls had higher kg fat (P ≤ 0.0076) and protein (P ≤ 0.0018) than GH4.1c/GH4.1t bulls. Similar effects on milk production traits with the GH6.2 polymorphism were observed with the GH6.2a allele being the favorable allele. The average effects of the gene substitution for GH4.1 and GH6.2 are similar, with ±300 kg for milk yield, ±8 kg for fat content and ±7 kg for protein content per lactation. The positive association of GH4.1c and GH6.2a with milk production traits may be useful for improving milk performance in dairy cattle.

EFFECTS OF FEEDING A HIGH LEVEL OF TOWER RAPESEED MEAL IN DAIRY RATIONS ON FEED INTAKE AND MILK PRODUCTION

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. MCKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Short Term ◽  
N Retention ◽  
High Level

In experiment 1, 12 cows were used to compare the two (0–0) rapeseed meal (1788 and Tower) varieties with the commercial rapeseed meal (CRSM) and soybean meal (SBM). Feed intake, milk yield and fat content were not different (P > 0.05) among the four treatments; however, protein content was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed CRSM and SBM diets than for those fed the 1788–RSM diet. But more (P < 0.05) milk fat was produced by the cows fed 1788–RSM than by those fed CRSM and SBM diets. In experiment 2, eight cows were used to determine the effects of replacing SBM with Tower and also replacing a portion of Tower with urea (TU) in a mixed or extruded (TUE) form on feed intake, milk yield and nitrogen (N) retention. No differences were observed in feed consumption, milk yield or composition among the treatments. Serum thyroxine (T4) level was higher (P < 0.05) for the cows fed SBM than for those fed the 1788–SBM and was similar to levels for cows fed CRSM and Tower in the first experiment. However, no differences were found in thyroxine level in the second experiment. Extrusion of Tower–urea mixture increased (P < 0.05) the N retention compared with other treatments. These short-term studies suggest that up to 25% Tower RSM can be used in dairy rations without adverse effect on performance.

scholarly journals The Role of the Bovine Growth Hormone Receptor and Prolactin Receptor Genes in Milk, Fat and Protein Production in Finnish Ayrshire Dairy Cattle

Genetics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 173 (4) ◽  
pp. 2151-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirja Viitala ◽  
Joanna Szyda ◽  
Sarah Blott ◽  
Nina Schulman ◽  
Martin Lidauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Growth Hormone Receptor ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone

scholarly journals Metabolic effects of the major component of bovine growth hormone

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Swislocki ◽  
M. Sonenberg ◽  
M. Kikutani
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Heterogeneous Material ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Sedimentation Equilibrium ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Effects

Bovine growth hormone, subjected to DEAE-cellulose chromatography, yielded one major and several minor components. The various chromatographic fractions of bovine growth hormone were compared with the parent material for their ability to promote hormone effects in vivo and in vitro. The major component of bovine growth hormone was homogeneous by acrylamide-gel electrophoresis, rechromatography and sedimentation equilibrium. Its amino acid composition was similar to that of the parent hormone. The major component possessed all the qualitative activities present in the original heterogeneous material, including promotion of acute hypoglycaemia and hypolipaemia. In studies in vitro in adipose-tissue segments the major component of the hormone increased entry of glucose and its oxidation to CO2, conversion of glucose into glyceride glycerol, release of glycerol and incorporation of histidine into adiposetissue protein. Other chromatographic fractions of bovine growth hormone were not homogeneous and possessed some but not all of the metabolic activities attributed to the hormone preparations or its major component. Thus, the metabolic effects obtained with bovine growth-hormone preparations in vivo and in vitro can be obtained with the major homogeneous component of the hormone. This observation precludes the possibility that the metabolic effects obtained with bovine growth-hormone preparations are due to the combined actions of a number of components found therein.

Investigation of myostatin and calpain 3 gene polymorphisms and their association with milk-production traits in Sfakia sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Adel H. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Nikolaos Tzanidakis ◽  
Smaragda Sotiraki ◽  
Huitong Zhou ◽  
Jonathan Hickford
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Milk Solid

Context Genetic selection based on genetic markers for economically important traits in Sfakia sheep. Aims The aim of the present study was to investigate variation in the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and calpain 3 gene (CAPN3), and their association with milk-production traits. Methods Records for milk yield, milk fat content, protein content, lactose content, and non-fat solid content, pH and somatic-cell score (log), were obtained from 376 Sfakia ewes. Polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) analyses were used to detect variation in intron 1 of MSTN and exon 10 of CAPN3. General linear models were then used to test for associations between the variation in MSTN and CAPN3, and milk-production traits. Key results The SSCP banding patterns for MSTN showed four variants (A1, A2, A3 and A4), which contained nine nucleotide sequence differences. Four SSCP banding patterns (C1, C2, C3 and C4) were observed for CAPN3 and these contained eight nucleotide-sequence differences. The MSTN variation was associated (P &lt; 0.05) with variation in milk yield and non-fat milk solid content. Variation in CAPN3 was associated with milk yield (P &lt; 0.001), fat content (P &lt; 0.05) and lactose content (P &lt; 0.05). Association analyses between the presence/absence of MSTN and CAPN3 variants and milk-production traits showed that a variant of MSTN that had previously between associated with muscle hypertrophy was associated with decreased milk yield (P &lt; 0.05) and a lower non-fat milk solid content (P &lt; 0.01). A CAPN3 variant that had previously been associated with increased sheep-carcass loin lean-meat yield was associated with a decreased milk yield (P &lt; 0.01) and a decreased milk fat content (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions Our results have provided an insight into the effects of variation in ovine MSTN and CAPN3 on milk-production traits in sheep. Implications To preserve the dual-purpose characteristics of Sfakia sheep, breeding goals should take into account the possible antagonism between meat and milk traits.

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