scholarly journals Release of Cuticle from Wool by Agitation in Solutions of Detergents

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin F Ley ◽  
WGordon Crewther ◽  
George F Flanagan ◽  
Leslie N Jones ◽  
Robert C Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Sodium Dodecylsulfate ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
Vigorous Agitation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Frequent Observation

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the progressive disruption of Merino wool during the vigorous agitation of the fibres in aqueous 10J0 (w Iv) solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). In contrast to the general disruption observed when wool was vigorously agitated in formic acid, the cuticle was slowly stripped from the fibre with virtually no release of cortical material unless prolonged periods of agitation were used. A similar type of disruption took place in aqueous 10J0 (w Iv) solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB) and Triton X-lOO. After the agitation in 10J0 (w/v) SDS solution, the released cuticle fragments and the remaining fibres were examined. Only a minority of the cell portions constituting the cuticle fragments had been cleaved within the endocuticle. Often, the fragments included portions from more than one cuticle cell, with the cell junctions still intact. An understanding of the disruptive process was facilitated by the frequent observation, on residual fibres, of low ridges on exposed underlying cuticle cells. These low ridges corresponded with the distal edges of the originally overlying cuticle cells. Amino-acid analysis and scanning electron microscopy performed on preparations of cuticle obtained in solutions of the above detergents and in formic acid indicated close similarities between all of the cuticle preparations.

Radiation Induced Formation of Acrylated Palm Oil (APO) Nanoparticles Using Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Microemulsion System

2011 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Rida Tajau ◽  
Dahlan Khairul Mohd. Zaman ◽  
Mohd Hilmi Mahmood ◽  
Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus ◽  
Hashim Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Fourier Transform

In this study, we report the preparation of Acrylated Palm Oil (APO) nanoparticles using aqueous Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) microemulsion system. This microemulsion system which contains the dispersed APO nanodroplets was subjected to the gamma irradiation to induce the formation of the crosslinked APO nanoparticles. The dynamic light scattering (DLS), the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrocospy and the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the size and the chemical structure of the nanoparticle. Sized of the APO nanoor microparticle can be varied depended on the volumes of the modified palm oil and the irradiation doses. Their size is in the range of 73 to 100 nanometer (nm) after irradiation using gamma irradiator. This radiation-induced method provides a free initiator induced and easy to control process as compared to the classical or chemical initiator process.

scholarly journals Adhesion of cells to surfaces coated with polylysine. Applications to electron microscopy.

1975 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mazia ◽  
G Schatten ◽  
W Sale
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Coated Plate ◽  
Living Material ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
Triton X

Cells of many kinds adhere firmly to glass or plastic surfaces which have been pretreated with polylysine. The attachment takes place as soon as the cells make contact with the surfaces, and the flattening of the cells against the surfaces is quite rapid. Cells which do not normally adhere to solid surfaces, such as sea urchin eggs, attach as well as cells which normally do so, such as amebas or mammalian cells in culture. The adhesion is interpreted simply as the interaction between the polyanionic cell surfaces and the polycationic layer of adsorbed polylysine. The attachment of cells to the polylysine-treated surfaces can be exploited for a variety of experimental manipulations. In the preparation of samples for scanning or transmission electron microscopy, the living material may first be attached to a polylysine-coated plate or grid, subjected to some experimental treatment (fertilization of an egg, for example), then transferred rapidly to fixative and further passed through processing for observation; each step involves only the transfer of the plate or grid from one container to the next. The cells are not detached. The adhesion of the cell may be so firm that the body of the cell may be sheared away, leaving attached a patch of cell surface, face up, for observation of its inner aspect. For example, one may observe secretory vesicles on the inner face of the surface (3) or may study the association of filaments with the inner surface (Fig. 1). Subcellular structures may attach to the polylysine-coated surfaces. So far, we have found this to be the case for nuclei isolated from sea urchin embryos and for the microtubules of flagella, which are well displayed after the membrane has been disrupted by Triton X-100 (Fig. 2).

Preparation of Straight and Orderly Polypyrrole Microrods through Soft Template Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 679-683
Author(s):  
Li Bo Sun ◽  
Yuan Chang Shi ◽  
Lin Ya Chu ◽  
Bing Chang Zhang ◽  
Jiu Rong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Microemulsion System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Impact

The straight and orderly microrods of polypyrrole(PPy) was synthesized in a microemulsion system consisted of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB), n-pentanol, water and pyrrole by chemical oxidative polymerization, in which CTAB was used as soft templates and APS was used as the oxidant. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the structure of the PPy microrods. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) was used to characterize the morphology of the samples. We discussed the impact of temperature, the adding way of the oxidant, the amount of cosurfactant n-pentanol to the morphology of PPy microrods. The results showed that straight and orderly PPy microrods with a diameter about 300nm and a length up to 20μm were synthesized when the temperature was kept at room temperature (25°C), the dropping time of APS was more than 1.5h, the ratio of CTAB to n-pentanol was 0.6:1, and the polymerization time was about 24h. We studied the growth process of PPy microrods by HTEM analysis. HTEM images revealed that the growth process of PPy changed from hollow microrods, semi-hollow microrods, and finally solid microrods.

Facile Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB)-assisted Synthesis of Calcium Bismuthate Nanoflakes with Solar Light Photocatalytic Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Wang ◽  
Hongjun Chen ◽  
Fanglv Qiu ◽  
Zeyang Xue ◽  
Chunhu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectrum ◽  
Solar Light ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Ctab Concentration ◽  
Transmission Electron

Background: Wastewater with dyes will pollute the environment and cause serious risk to human health and aquatic biota. Gentian violet (GV) belongs to typical triphenylmethane dyes and is difficult to be degraded. Calciumbismuthate nanoflakes possess good photocatalytic activity toward GV under solar lightirradiation. Objective: The aim is to prepare calcium bismuthate nanoflakes by the hydrothermal method and research the solar light photocatalytic performance of the calciumbismuthate nanoflakes for GV degradation. Methods: Calcium bismuthate nanoflakes were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal route assisted by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) based on the reaction of sodium bismuthate and calcium chloride. The calcium bismuthate products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy and solid UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum. Results: The calcium bismuthate nanoflakes possess single crystalline mono clinic CaBi2O4 phase. The size of the whole nanoflakes is about 10 μm and thickness of the nanoflakes is about 40 nm. The morphology, size and phase of the products are closely relative to CTAB concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. The band gap of the calcium bismuthate nanoflakes is 2.21 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the calcium bismuthate nanoflakes is high enough to completely degrade GV under solar light irradiation for 6 h.

2D Assembly of Palladium Nanoparticles and AFM Characterization

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Xiao Jun Liu ◽  
Li Yun Song ◽  
Zong Cheng Zhan ◽  
Hong He ◽  
Xue Hong Zi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silicon Wafer ◽  
Palladium Nanoparticles ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

The two-dimensional (2D) assembly of the palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) was studied in this work. The cubic Pd NPs were successfully synthesized and assembled on mica and silicon wafer in the dip-coating way. The morphology of the Pd NPs and the topography of the Pd NPs assembly on the substrates were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In the process of the fabrication, the excess cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was removed with the deposition-redispersion strategy, the UV-vis spectra and zeta-potential of the Pd NPs colloid were measured. It was found that the assembly and AFM characterization of the Pd NPs were affected negatively by the presence of excess CTAB. The hydrophilic property of the substrate is the crucial factor to control the 2D assembly of the Pd NPs. Compared with the washed silicon wafer, mica is ultra-hydrophilic and can attract more Pd NPs.

scholarly journals Differential Selective Etching of Functional Groups Strategy for Preparation of Organic Hollow Porous Silica

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 02051
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
ZhuoQiong Wen ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
XiaoPeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Selective Etching ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Core Shell Structure ◽  
Vinyl Triethoxysilane

In this study, different structural of organic hollow porous silica were prepared based on differential selective etching of functional groups strategy, using ammonia as catalyst, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as pore-forming agent and emulsifier, cyano silica (CN-SiO2) or vinyl silica (V-SiO2) formed by hydrolysis condensation of 2-cyanoethyl triethoxysilane (CTES) or vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES) were used as cores, NH-SiO2 prepared by 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), SH-SiO2 prepared by mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and UD-SiO2 prepared by urea-propyl triethoxysilane (UPTES) as shells, separately. The morphology and structure of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The study results showed that CN-SiO2 as core was considered to be benefit for the preparation of organic hollow porous silica compared to V-SiO2 as core. In addition, core-shell structure obtained from CN-SiO2NH-SiO2 tend to be changed into hollow porous structure in alkaline condition on account of differential selective etching of functional groups strategy.

scholarly journals The Fluidization Effect of a Bilayer Membrane on a Fatty Acid Vesicle by a Detergent

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1023
Author(s):  
Shogo Taguchi ◽  
Yuta Kimura ◽  
Yasuaki Tachibana ◽  
Takuji Yamamoto ◽  
Kouji Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Bilayer Membrane ◽  
Molecular Assembly ◽  
Disordered Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heterogeneous Phase ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Fluorescent Probe Method

A bicelle, which is a bilayer molecular assembly, can be prepared by fluidizing a vesicle in the presence of a detergent. We investigated the effect of two different detergents, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxypropane sulfonate (CHAPSO) and Triton X-100 (TX), on the formation of a bicelle from a vesicle containing oleic acid (OA) and the detergent molecules. The fluidization effect of the detergent was evaluated using the membrane packing density, which we measured using the fluorescent probe method with Laurdan, in conjunction with transmission electron microscopy to examine the morphology of the prepared bilayer molecular assemblies. As a result, it was discovered that the OA/CHAPSO system could form a heterogeneous phase with the highest packing density, implying that CHAPSO was the better detergent for a bicelle preparation, whereas the OA/TX system formed a disordered phase with the lowest packing density.

Effect of various parameters on the shear strength of solid-state nanoporous Cu bonding in Cu–Cu disks for power device packaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byungho Park ◽  
Duy le Han ◽  
Mikkiko Saito ◽  
Jun Mizuno ◽  
Hiroshi Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cu Bonding ◽  
Bonding Method

Abstract Nanoparticle sintering is considered a promising alternative bonding method to Pb- based soldering for the attachment of components in high-temperature electronic devices. However, the technology still poses certain challenges, such as difficulty controlling joint thickness and the generation of voids owing to solvent evaporation. In this study, a solid-state (solvent-free), nanoporous-Cu (NPC) bonding method was examined. The effect of bonding temperatures (200–400°C) and atmospheres (N2 or formic acid) on the shear strength of joints formed between NPC sheets and bare Cu disks were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that the bondability of NPC under an N2 atmosphere is closely related to the oxide layer formed on its surface that impairs the diffusion of Cu atoms between the NPC and Cu substrate. Furthermore, the coarsening of the NPC microstructure under a formic acid atmosphere at ≥ 350°C owing to the rapid diffusion of Cu atoms and accompanying plastic deformation induced by surface stress enhances the shear strength of the resulting NPC/Cu joint. The shear strength of NPC/Cu joints formed under a formic acid atmosphere increased from 14.1 to 35.9 MPa with increasing bonding temperature. Based on the results of the investigation, a mechanism was proposed to explain the superiority of the Cu–Cu joints achieved using this method.

Immobilization of Porcine pancreatic Lipase on Vesicle-Like Silica Material with Large Pore

2012 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Cui Cui Wu ◽  
Guo Wei Zhou ◽  
De Lan Xu ◽  
Tian Duo Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Silica Material ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Vesicle-like silica (VS) was prepared by utilizing cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a dual-template. The mesostructures of VS were characterized by N2adsorption-desorption isotherms, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that mean mesopore size of unilayer and multilayer VS was about 14 nm and shell thickness was nearly 6 nm. The VS was chosen as support for immobilization of Porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) by physical adsorption. The immobilized PPL possessed excellent thermal stability and reusability in the hydrolysis reaction of triacetin in phosphate buffer solution.

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