scholarly journals Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. I. Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Adams ◽  
PR Baverstock ◽  
CHS Watts ◽  
T Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Electrophoretic Resolution

The technique of allozyme electrophoresis is used in the present study to define species boundaries in Australian Eptesicus. Until 1976, only one species of Eptesicus (E. pumilus) was recognized in Australia. More recently, a further four species have been recognised (E. vulturnus, E. regulus, E. sagittula and E. douglasl). Results obtained from an allozyme electrophoretic analysis of 35 loci in 182 individuals show that there are a minimum of nine species of Eptesicus in Australia. Moreover, in some geographic areas, up to four species occur sympatrically. These results highlight the applicability and significance of allozyme electrophoresis for the dissection of species complexes.

scholarly journals Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. IV. The Molossidae (Chiroptera)

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Adams ◽  
TR Reardon ◽  
PR Baverstock ◽  
CHS Watts
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Current Species ◽  
Electrophoretic Resolution

Allozyme electrophoresis of 35 loci in 156 specimens of Australian bats belonging to the Molossidae was used to help elucidate the species-level taxonomy of the group in Australia. The electrophoretic data support the current species-level taxonomy of Tadarida australis and Chaerephon jobensis. However, for specimens currently allocated to the genus Mormopterus, the electrophoretic data fail to support any previous species-level account. On the electrophoretic data, a minimum of five species of the genus Mormopterus occur in Australia. A single specimen of a sixth species, whose generic affinities are undetermined, was also found.

Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Tube-Nosed Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Australia and Papua New Guinea.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
S.C. Donnellan ◽  
T.B. Reardon ◽  
T.F. Flannery
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The North ◽  
Electrophoretic Resolution

Allozyme variation at 19-34 loci is used in the present study to define species boundaries in Australian and Papuan New Guinean tube-nosed bats. Current systematic accounts for these bats are in part contradictory and do not provide an adequate basis for distinguishing the species. Results obtained from the allozyme electrophoretic analysis of 178 individuals show that there are a minimum of five species of Nyctimene and one of Paranyctimene in the region. A single species of Nyctimene was found in Australia and at least four species of Nyctimene in the north coastal ranges of Papua New Guinea. Paranyctimene was genetically uniform and was found in sympatry with up to three species of Nyctimene over most of its range. While the scientific names of several of the species were determined, the nomenclature of the remainder requires a morphological analysis of the available material, including type specimens.

A re-evaluation of species limits in Canadian Arctic Island Puccinellia (Poaceae): resolving key characters

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 927-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
L L Consaul ◽  
L J Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Variation Explained

This study examined morphological variation for species of Puccinellia that have traditionally posed problems of identification in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The first part of the study involved a re-examination of several characters that were difficult to define or describe. Microscopic examination of lemma and glume apices revealed that the characters "erose-ciliolate" lemma and glume apex margins are more accurately divided into two characters: degree to which they are erose, and presence of trichomes. These trichomes consist of acute or acuminate cells that protrude 15–35 µm from the margin, sometimes with a spinulose tip up to 10 µm long. The term "thickened pedicel" is clarified to mean thickened below the apex in relation to the apex. The second part of the study involved preliminary morphometric analyses on the above-mentioned revised characters, plus other characters previously shown to have low plasticity in this genus, for 10 recognized species that are difficult to distinguish. Many species or species complexes resolved to a small degree, but no taxa formed distinct groups. Correlations among many characters were low, accounting for a low percentage of variation explained by the first few principal components. Hypotheses of species boundaries and a preliminary revised key to species and species groups, incorporating findings from this study, are presented.Key words: Puccinellia, Canadian Arctic, morphology, trichomes, principal components analysis, cluster analysis.

scholarly journals A Re-appraisal of the Rock Scorpions (Scorpionidae: Hadogenes)

Koedoe ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Newlands ◽  
A.C. Cantrell
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Venom Proteins

The morphological similarity between species of the rock scorpion genus Hadogenes has given rise to a great deal of controversy amongst taxonomists over the last eighty years. To resolve these difficulties, species of the genus were re-appraised in terms of their chromosome number and an electrophoretic analysis of venom proteins. The relationships arising from these data were integrated with morphological characteristics in order to get a more realistic appreciation of the genus. It emerges that the genus consists of 14 recognised species, some of which represent as yet unnamed species complexes. Taxonomic changes proposed are H. lawrencei sp. res., H. zuluanus stat. nov, H. gracilis fluvianus and H. gracilis namaquensis = H. phyllodes syn. n. A new key to the species is provided.

scholarly journals Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. III. The Nycticeiini?Scotorepens and Scoteanax (Chiroptera : Vespertilionidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Adams ◽  
T Reardon ◽  
CHS Watts
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Electrophoretic Resolution

Two hundred and sixty two specimens of bats of the tribe Nycticeiini were sampled from throughout Australia, and their tissues subjected to aliozyme electrophoresis with a view towards delineating species boundaries. A total of 30 loci were resolved, detailed analysis of which revealed five species - greyii, sanborni, balstoni, orion and rueppellii. The specific boundaries recognized differ from ali previous treatments of Australian members, but are supported by the taxonomic arrangement proposed by Kitchener and Caputi (1985). The data also support separate generic recognition of rueppe/lii. Finally, the genetic data reveal a high level of population sub structuring in these bats.

Identification of life cycle stages of the nematode Echinocephalus overstreeti by allozyme electrophoresis

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Andrews ◽  
I. Beveridge ◽  
M. Adams ◽  
P. R. Baverstock
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Allozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Larval Form ◽  
Complex Life Cycles ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Allelic Differences ◽  
Mollusc Species ◽  
Shared Alleles

ABSTRACTData presented in this study highlight the potential of allozyme electrophoresis in providing unequivocal genetic evidence for the identification of life cycle stages, particularly where species have complex life cycles. Adults of the nematode Echinocephalus overstreeti parasitize the elasmobranch Heterodontus portusjacksoni. The putative larval form which is morphologically dissimilar is found in two species of marine molluscs, Chlamys bifrons and Pecten albus. Electrophoretic analysis indicated that the adult and larval forms shared alleles at all of the 34 enzyme loci established. Furthermore, there were no fixed allelic differences between larval forms from different mollusc species.

Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in the Sminthopsis murina Complex (Dasyuridae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Adams ◽  
M Archer
Keyword(s):  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Uniformity ◽  
Electrophoretic Resolution

Isozyme electrophoresis of 30 loci was used to characterize 52 individuals in 20 populations of the Sminthopsis murina complex. The populations fell into six groups within which there was genetic uniformity but among which there were extensive differences. These groups correspond to the species S. murina, S. ooldea, S. leucopus, S. dolichura, S. gilberti and S. caniventer.

Genetic and phenotypic population structure of the Coenonympha tullia complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in California: no evidence for species boundaries

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2751-2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H. Porter ◽  
Hansjürg Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Nevada ◽  
Very High

Decisions regarding species status of taxa showing geographic replacement are explicit hypotheses about population structure. The structure of 21 populations of the Coenonympha tullia group from northern California, southwestern Oregon, and northern Nevada was analyzed for evidence of reproductive isolation. These samples included five subspecies (california, eryngii, ampelos, eunomia, and mono) nominally placed in three species (california, ampelos, and ochracea). We found very high intra- and inter-population variability in the "diagnostic" wing pattern characters used by previous authors. There is evidence of intergradation between eryngii and eunomia in southwestern Oregon, and between california and ampelos in the eastern Feather River drainage in California. A complex cline involving California, eryngii, and ampelos occurs in the Pit River drainage of northeastern California. The taxon mono appears distinct, apparently because of an absence of Coenonympha populations in the expected mono–ampelos contact area. Electrophoretic analysis of the same 21 populations showed very high intrapopulation genetic variability (expected heterozygosity = 13.5–20.4%, percentage of polymorphic loci (most common allele < 99%) = 35.5–58.8%; 14 alleles at the locus for phosphoglucose isomerase (one population with 11 alleles)). However, interpopulation (geographic) variability was extremely low. Standardized genetic variance among populations (FST, using Wright's formulation) in contact zones indicates that gene flow is probably uninterrupted between the subspecies california, eryngii, ampelos, and eunomia. FST values for the isocitrate dehydrogenase locus indicate that present-day gene flow is probably unimportant in maintaining similarity between ampelos and mono. The genetic population structure is reminiscent of highly vagile colonizing species, but this may be largely historical, due to post-Pleistocene range changes rather than high present-day interpopulation migration rates. We conclude that all California populations are conspecific. Only the subspecies mono is clearly separated from the others, at the level 0.034 (Nei's unbiased distance), approximating that of weak subspecies in other taxa. The North American entities should all be provisionally classified as subspecies of the holarctic species tullia unless evidence is found to support their separation.

Using genetic distances in addition to ITS molecular phylogeny to identify potential species in the Parmotrema reticulatum complex: a case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth DEL-PRADO ◽  
Pradeep K. DIVAKAR ◽  
Ana CRESPO
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Distance Approach

AbstractWe used a genetic distance approach in conjunction with molecular phylogeny to establish species boundaries and detect cryptic lineages in the Parmotrema reticulatum – P. pseudoreticulatum complex. The phylogeny of specimens from a broad geographic distribution was reconstructed from the internal transcribed spacer region. Pairwise genetic distances were calculated and compared to an intraspecific range defined for the parmelioid lichens to circumscribe species-level groups. Our results showed that P. reticulatum and P. pseudoreticulatum are polyphyletic, being comprised of at least seven well-supported lineages. In contrast, the genetic distance approach revealed ten cryptic lineages within the P. reticulatum – P. pseudoreticulatum complex. Neither morphology nor geography was conclusive in attempting to corroborate these genetic lineages. However FST indices suggest significant genetic differentiation between these lineages. Our results suggest that the morphology-based circumscriptions underestimated species in Parmotrema and that, in some cases, genetic distances may be used as an additional tool to determine species boundaries in morphologically cryptic species complexes. The most significant contribution of the present study is the application of a fast and accurate method to identify problematic groups and candidate species using the ITS locus with a genetic distances approach.

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