scholarly journals Metabolism of Glucose by Preimplantation Mouse Embryos in the Presence of Glucagon, Insulin, Epinephrine, cAMP, Theophylline and Caffeine

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Wales ◽  
NK Khurana ◽  
WR Edirisinghe ◽  
I L Pike
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse

Neither insulin nor epinephrine influenced the incorporation of glucose into the acid-soluble or acid-insoluble glycogen pool of mouse embryos at the morula-early blastocyst stage during 5 h culture in the presence of radiolabelled glucose. During a 5 h chase culture of pulse-labelled embryos at this stage of development, acid-soluble glycogen labelled during the pulse was not utilized by the embryo but acid-insoluble glycogen was reduced. Addition of glucagon, insulin, epinephrine, cAMP, theophylline or caffeine during chase culture had no effect on the turnover of label in the glycogen pools of the embryo. These results indicate that the turnover of embryonic glycogen observed in vivo is not due to the direct effect of the hormones that regulate glycogen metabolism in the mother.

Modification of cell division by phorbol ester in preimplantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
E.T. Mystkowska ◽  
W. Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Single Blastomeres

2-cell mouse embryos were treated in vitro with a 2 h pulse of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) at 32nd, 38th and 50th h after hCG, then chased in culture for up to 46 h. Embryos were fixed at various time intervals of chasing, then stained and inspected. Some embryos were carefully inspected with a video recording system, every 1.44s and the cell divisions (cytokinesis) as well as formation of large, single blastomeres, each from two smaller ones, were recorded. PMA pulse let to the suppression of cell divisions. The rate of the suppression was time dependent: with a delay of 0–1, 12 and 18 h between the PMA pulse and time of scheduled cell division about 99, 87 and 44% of 2-cell embryos remained at this stage of development, for at least 10 h, respectively, and 90, 58 and 12% of their blastomeres revealed binuclearity. Since we found that PMA-mediated formation of binuclearity was not the effect of cell fusions, it was assumed that the inhibition of cytokinesis preceded by karyokinesis was responsible for binuclearity. PMA effect on cell divisions was reversible. PMA-treated embryos revealed formation of large, single blastomeres, each from two smaller ones. If cell division appeared after PMA pulse, in about 52% of 3- to 6-cell embryos, the large blastomere formation was recorded in the course of the subsequent 38 h. Large blastomere formation was concluded to be the result of either cell fusion or reversion of incompleted cytokinesis brought about by PMA.

Normal adenylate ribonucleotide content in mouse embryos homozygous for the t12 mutation

Development ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Horst Spielmann ◽  
Robert P. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse

The recently improved firefly luciferase assay was used to determine ATP, ADP or AMP in single preimplantation mouse embryos from crosses yielding lethal t12/t12 embryos. Normal values of the three adenylate ribonucleotides were found in freshly collected 2-cell and 4-cell embryos and during in vitro culture to the blastocyst stage. A decrease in adenylate ribonucleotide content was seen in putative t12/t12 embryos only when they were degenerating.

Localization of cytoskeletal proteins in preimplantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-225
Author(s):  
E. Lehtonen ◽  
R. A. Badley
Keyword(s):  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Apparent Concentration ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Filament Protein

The immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the presence and distribution of actin, alpha-actinin, tubulin and 10 nm filament protein in early mouse embryos. Actin and alpha-actinin stainings showed a distinct concentration to a peripheral layer in the cleavage-stage blastomeres and in trophectoderm cells. Dots of fluorescence appeared in this cortical staining pattern. The distribution of tubulin staining in the blastomere cytoplasm was relatively even with apparent concentration at the perinuclear region and frequently at wide intercellular contact areas. 10 nm filament protein was distributed evenly in the blastomere cytoplasm without cortical concentration of the label. At the blastocyst stage, the trophectoderm cells in blastocyst outgrowths in vitro developed well organized cytoskeletons including both microfilament, microtubule and 10 nm filament elements. Comparable structures were not observed in blastocysts in vivo, or in late hatched blastocysts cultured in suspension. The morphogenetic significance of the observations is discussed.

Cyclooxygenases and prostaglandin E synthases in preimplantation mouse embryos

Zygote ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Ning Tan ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Hong-Lu Diao ◽  
Zeng-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cox 1

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is shown to be essential for female reproduction. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid and exists in two isoforms: COX-1 and COX-2. Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) is a terminal prostanoid synthase and can catalyse the isomerization of the COX product PGH2 to PGE2, including microsomal PGES-1 (mPGES-1), cytosolic PGES (cPGES) and mPGES-2. This study examined the protein expression of COX-1, COX-2, mPGES-1, cPGES and mPGES-2 in preimplantation mouse embryos by immunohistochemistry. Embryos at different stages collected from oviducts or uteri were transferred into a flushed oviduct of non-pregnant mice. The oviducts containing embryos were paraffin-embedded and processed for immunostaining. COX-1 immunostaining was at a basal level in zygotes and a low level at the 2-cell stage, reaching a high level from the 4-cell to blastocyst stage. COX-2 immunostaining was at a low level at the zygote stage and was maintained at a high level from the 2-cell to blastocyst stages. A low level of mPGES-1 immunostaining was observed from the zygote to 8-cell stages. The signal for mPGES-1 immunostaining became stronger at the morula stage and was strongly seen at the blastocyst stage. cPGES immunostaining was strongly observed in zygotes, 2-cell and 8-cell embryos. There was a slight decrease in cPGES immunostaining at the 4-cell, morula and blastocyst stages. mPGES-2 immunostaining was at a low level from the zygote to morula stages and at a high level at the blastocyst stage. We found that the COX-1, COX-2, mPGES-1, cPGES and mPGES-2 protein signals were all at a high level at the blastocyst stage. PGE2 produced during the preimplantation development may play roles during embryo transport and implantation.

Enzymes of glycogen metabolism and related metabolites in preimplantation mouse embryos

1979 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berlin Hsieh ◽  
Maggie M.-Y. Chi ◽  
Joseph Knor ◽  
Oliver H. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse

scholarly journals Changes in responsiveness of preimplantation mouse embryos to serum

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Simon B. Fishel ◽  
M. Azim H. Surani
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Serum Albumen

Changes in uptake of radioactive uridine and its incorporation into RNA were determined in preimplantation mouse embryos, from the 2-cell to the blastocyst stage, as a measure of their responsiveness to extracellular conditions. Two media were tested, one contained serum and the other contained bovine serum albumen as a control. An increase in the acid-soluble pool occurred at the 8-cell stage and a marked increase in RNA synthesis occurred at the early blastocyst stage when the embryos were incubated with serum.

The effect of microtubule- and microfilament-disrupting drugs on preimplantation mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
G. Siracusa ◽  
D. G. Whittingham ◽  
M. De Felici
Keyword(s):  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Microtubule Assembly ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Multipolar Spindles ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse Embryos ◽  
Preimplantation Mouse ◽  
Continuous Presence

The sensitivity of early preimplantation mouse embryos to drugs which disrupt microfilament function (cytochalasin B-CB and cytochalasin D-CD) and microtubule assembly (colchicine, colcemid, vinblastine and griseofulvin) was examined. CD inhibited cleavage at a concentration 35-fold lower than CB (3 × 10−7 M ν. 1 × 10−5 M). Treatment of 2-cell embryos for 6 h with 1 × 10−5 M CB or 1 × 10−6 M CD or continuous exposure to lower concentrations of CB or CD did not affect development to the blastocyst stage in vitro. Vinblastine inhibited cleavage at a concentration tenfold lower than colcemid or colchicine (1 × 10−8 M ν. 1 × 10−7 M). The continuous presence of colcemid at 10−8 M did not affect the development of 2-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage, but development was reduced with vinblastine at 1 × 10−8 M and completely inhibited with colchicine at 1 × 10−8 M. The drugs produced similar responses when 2-cell embryos were treated for 6 h with concentrations that inhibited cleavage. Complete inhibition of cleavage was obtained after only a 2 h exposure to 2 × 10−7 M colchicine. A similar concentration of lumicolchicine did not affect cleavage or blastocyst formation. Embryos were less sensitive to griseofulvin; the first cleavage division was unaffected by concentrations as high as 3 × 10−4 M and only 50% of 2-cell embryos failed to cleave in 1 × 10 1 and 3 × 10−4 M griseofulvin. At these concentrations a small proportion of 1-cell embryos and the majority of the 2-cell embryos showed unequal cytoplasmic division probably caused by the formation of multipolar spindles. The continuous exposure of 2-cell embryos to 3 × 10−5 M griseofulvin did not affect blastocyst formation.

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