scholarly journals Site of Action of a Temperature-Sensitive Maternal Effect Mutation in Drosophila Melanogaster

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
NG Brink
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Site Of Action

Previous studies have shown that the D. melanogaster mutant 1(1)1074" is sensitive to temperature changes towards the end of oogenesis, during the sixth to twelfth hour of embryogenesis and again during larval and early pupal development. The 1(1) 1074" gene product resulting from activity of the nuclear gene appears to be important for pupation.

Relations between ecdysteroid levels and pupal development in the ecd-1 temperature-sensitive mutant of Drosophila melanogaster

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Belinski-Deutsch ◽  
D. Busson ◽  
C. Lamour-Audit ◽  
P. Porcheron ◽  
M. Moriniere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Mutant ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Temperature Sensitive Mutant

scholarly journals GENETIC ANALYSIS OF TWO ALLELIC TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTANTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER BOTH OF WHICH ARE ZYGOTIC AND MATERNAL-EFFECT LETHALS

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Allen Shearn ◽  
Grafton Hersperger ◽  
Evelyn Hersperger
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Restrictive Temperature ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Temperature Sensitive Mutants ◽  
Small Disc ◽  
Disc Cells

ABSTRACT After fertilization, the development of a zygote depends upon both gene products synthesized by its maternal parent and gene products synthesized by the zygote itself. To analyze genetically the relative contributions of these two sources of gene products, several laboratories have been isolating two classes of mutants of Drosophila melanogaster: maternal-effect lethals and zygotic lethals. This report concerns the analysis of two temperature-sensitive mutants, OX736hs and PC025hs, which were isolated as alleles of a small-disc mutant, l(3)1902. These alleles are not only zygotic lethals, but also maternal-effect lethals. They have temperature-sensitive periods during larval life and during oogenesis. Mutant larvae exposed continuously to restrictive temperature have small discs. One- or two-day exposures to the restrictive temperature administered during the third larval instar lead to a homeotic transformation of the midlegs and hindlegs to the pattern characteristic of the forelegs. Mutant females exposed to the restrictive temperature during oogenesis produce eggs that can develop until gastrulation, but do not hatch. —The existence of these mutants, and one that was recently described by another group, implies that there may be a class of genes, heretofore unrecognized, whose products are synthesized during oogenesis, are essential for embryogenesis and are also synthesized during larval stages within imaginal disc cells.

scholarly journals TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MUTATIONS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. IX. DOMINANT COLD-SENSITIVE LETHALS ON THE AUTOSOMES

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Raja Rosenbluth ◽  
Dean Ezell ◽  
David T Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Ethyl Methanesulfonate ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Cold Sensitive

ABSTRACT Ethyl methanesulfonate-treated autosomes were screened for the presence of dominant cold-sensitive (DCS) lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. None was found among 6,552 treated and 168 untreated third chromosomes. Twenty-three DCS-L chromosomes which caused death at 17°C but survived at 22°C and 29°C were recovered from 5,046 mutagenized chromosome 2's.—The DCS-L mutations all mapped around dp and appeared to be functionally allelic. Lethality of heterozygotes for most of the DCS-L's occurred over a prolonged interval from the embryonic through the larval instars. Prolonged incubation at 17°C did not demonstrate any maternal effect on zygotic survival.

INVITATION PAPER: BEHAVIOR IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER A GENETICIST'S VIEW

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Neurological Development ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Induced Changes

In screening Drosophila melanogaster for mutations which cause paralysis at 29cC and recovery of mobility at 22cC, 11 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants were detected among 1.35 × 106 flies screened. These mutations fell into 3 loci, paralytic (parats), shibire (shits) and stoned (stnts). All three loci affect neurological development. The best explanation for parats appears to be an effect on the inhibitory neuronal system. The shi alleles affect an array of developmental events from early embryos to adults. The pattern of heat-induced changes in shits1 electroretinograms (ERG) is consistent with a ts membranal defect. This is supported by a ts resistance of shits flies to tetrodotoxin which specifically blocks the sodium channel of nerves.The final locus, stn, causes sensitivity to the trauma of temperature changes. A jump response observed when a light is turned off is related to a large "offtransient" in ERGs which is correlated with a simultaneous muscle spike. The property of temperature-sensitivity allows greater analytic powers in the study of neurological mutants.

TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT EXPRESSION OF THE APTEROUS PHENOTYPE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Mary E Stevens ◽  
Peter J Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Per Se

ABSTRACT Mutations at the apterous (ap) locus in Drosophila melanogaster produce a variety of developmental defects, including several classes of wing abnormalities. We describe the wing phenotype produced by homozygotes and hemizygotes of three different temperature-sensitive apterous alleles grown at 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, and 29°. We also describe the phenotype produced by each of these three alleles when heteroallelic with the non-temperature-sensitive apc allele. Constant-temperature and temperature-shift experiments show that each of the heteroallelic genotypes can produce several of the previously described apterous phenotypes and that the length of the temperature-sensitive period for a given phenotype depends on the allelic combinations used to measure it. We suggest that the stage-specific requirements of the tissue for gene product, rather than the time of gene expression per se, determine the temperature-sensitive periods for apterous and other loci. The results support the hypothesis that the various wing phenotypes produced by apterous mutations are due to quantitative reductions in the activity of gene product and that failure to meet specific threshold requirements for gene product can lead to qualitatively different phenotypes.

scholarly journals DOSAGE OF THE MATERNAL EFFECT GENE ASSOCIATED WITH THE TUMOROUS-HEAD ABNORMALITY IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
R M Siervogel
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Maternal Effect Gene ◽  
Effect Gene

ABSTRACT The penetrance of tuh-3 observed in the progeny of triploids with two doses of tuh-1 was not statistically different from that occurring in the progeny of their diploid sisters with two doses. A higher penetrance was observed in the progeny of triploids with three doses of tuh-1 than in the progeny of their diploid sisters with two doses. These observations suggest that the maternal effect responsible for increasing the penetrance of tuh-3, the gene causing the tumorous-head abnormality, is caused by a specific gene product of tuh-1, the maternal-effect allele. In addition there is probably a maternal-effect threshold, lying between amounts produced by one and two doses of tuh-1, below which no increased penetrance of tuh-3 is observed.

scholarly journals A SEX-SPECIFIC, TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE MATERNAL EFFECT OF THE DAUGHTERLESS MUTATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-742
Author(s):  
Thomas W Cline
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Female Progeny ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Specific Temperature ◽  
Cuticular Structures

ABSTRACT Every aspect of the phenotype of the daughterless (2-41.5) maternal effect mutation was found to be strongly temperature sensitive. Above 22°, da/da mothers produced no daughters; however female progeny did survive the da maternal effect if the last 60 hours of oogenesis and the first three hours of embryonic development took place at 18°. The females which survived under these conditions displayed morphological abnormalities in a variety of adult cuticular structures, characteristic of cell death during development. In contrast, their male siblings were morphologically normal. Upon prolonged exposure to 29°, da/da females became sterile but continued to lay eggs. Some sexually mosaic progeny from da/da mothers survived even at 25°, but the distribution and development of the female tissue in these mosaics were abnormal. It is suggested that there are multiple functions of the da  + gene during oogenesis, one of which may be required specifically for the subsequent survival of female cells throughout the embryo. In addition to and distinct from its effect during oogenesis, the da mutation acted in both sexes of progeny as a recessive temperature-sensitive lethal mutation with a TSP during the first half of embryonic development.

scholarly journals A NOTE ON THE MATERNAL EFFECT MUTANTS DAUGHTERLESS AND ABNORMAL OOCYTE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Arthur P Mange ◽  
L Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Dominant Marker ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Chromosome Breakpoint ◽  
Special Region

ABSTRACT Two deficiencies for, and a dominant enhancer of, the second chromosome maternal effect mutant, "daughterless" (da), were induced with X-irradiation. Their properties were studied with respect to both da and the linked maternal effect mutant, "abnormal oocyte" (abo), with the following conclusions. (1) The most probable map positions of da and abo are: J–½–da–2½–abo, where J is a dominant marker located at 41 on the standard map. (2) The da locus is in bands 31CD-F on the polytene chromosome map; abo is to the right of 32A. (3) Because homozygous da individuals survive while individuals carrying da and a deficiency for da are lethal, it is concluded that da is hypomorphic. (4) From a weak da-like maternal effect in heterozygous da females induced by an "Enhancer of da," we have confirmed a previous report that (a) the amount of sex chromosome heterochromatin contributed by the father can influence the severity of the da maternal effect, and (b) the sex chromosome heterochromatin which influences the da effect is different from that which influences the abo effect. (5) The possibility that da and abo are in a special region of chromosome 2 concerned with the regulation of sex chromosome heterochromatin is strengthened by the observation that the Enhancer of da appears to rescue abnormal eggs produced by homozygous abo mothers. (6) The Enhancer of da is a translocation between chromosomes 2 and 3 with the second chromosome breakpoint in the basal heterochromatin; because the enhancing effect maps in this region of chromosome 2, it is possible that autosomal, as well as sex chromosomal, heterochromatin interacts with da and abo.

scholarly journals THE MECHANISM OF A BROODING EFFECT ASSOCIATED WITH SEGREGATION DISTORTION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-631
Author(s):  
D L Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Segregation Distortion ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Short Time

ABSTRACT The recovery of the SD chromosome from a heterozygous SD male increases with brood. This is independent of the age of the female, occurs during the time the sperm are stored in the females, disappears when the segregation distortion is suppressed, and is temperature-sensitive-temperature shocks above or below 25°C applied to the mature sperm both tend to accelerate the increase in the recovery of SD. All this suggests the existence of a class of sperm affected by SD in which the sperm are able to fertilize eggs for a short time following ejaculation but become dysfunctional thereafter.

scholarly journals Smart Hydrogel Bilayers Prepared by Irradiation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Weixian Huo ◽  
Heng An ◽  
Shuquan Chang ◽  
Shengsheng Yang ◽  
Yin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Smart Hydrogel ◽  
Isopropyl Acrylamide ◽  
Hydrogel Synthesis ◽  
Potential Applications

Environment-responsive hydrogel actuators have attracted tremendous attention due to their intriguing properties. Gamma radiation has been considered as a green cross-linking process for hydrogel synthesis, as toxic cross-linking agents and initiators were not required. In this work, chitosan/agar/P(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (CS/agar/P(NIPAM-co-AM)) and CS/agar/Montmorillonite (MMT)/PNIPAM temperature-sensitive hydrogel bilayers were synthesized via gamma radiation at room temperature. The mechanical properties and temperature sensitivity of hydrogels under different agar content and irradiation doses were explored. The enhancement of the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel can be attributed to the presence of agar and MMT. Due to the different temperature sensitivities provided by the two layers of hydrogel, they can move autonomously and act as a flexible gripper as the temperature changes. Thanks to the antibacterial properties of the hydrogel, their storage time and service life may be improved. The as prepared hydrogel bilayers have potential applications in control devices, soft robots, artificial muscles and other fields.

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