scholarly journals Post-Mortem Electrical Stimulation of Muscle and its Effects on Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Adenosine Triphosphatase

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald K Tume
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Binding Affinities ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was isolated from control muscles and from muscles which had been subjected to short-term post-mortem electrical stimulation. Both preparations had similar protein compositions but the SR from electrically stimulated muscle had a lower 'extra' ATPase activity. The ability of the SR preparations from electrically stimulated muscles to accumulate Ca2+ was about the same as the controls. There was, therefore, an apparently greater efficiency of Ca2+ transport in the isolated vesicles, the reason for which is not known, but an alteration in the 'leakiness' of the membrane may be involved. Purified ATPase isolated from control and stimulated SR contained, in addition to the ATPase protein, a polypeptide of molecular weight about 30000. The purified ATPase vesicles from electrically stimulated muscle had a reduced activity as measured by ATP splitting activity, phosphoenzyme formation from either inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) or ATP, or by an ATP � Pi exchange reaction. These reduced activities probably result from an alteration in the binding affinities of the ATPase for ATP and Pi' The low affinity site for calcium binding was not affected by electrical stimulation. Purified ATPase vesicles from stimulated muscle were more susceptible to proteolytic attack, suggesting that the conformation of the protein or its association with the membrane lipids had been altered.

scholarly journals Effect of Post-Mortem Electrical Stimulation on Ovine Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Vesicies

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Tume
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Steady State Concentration ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Membrane Phosphorylation ◽  
State Concentration ◽  
Reduced Activity

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles from ovine skeletal muscle were iodinated with the use of immobilized lactoperoxidase to determine the location of proteins in the membrane and to observe any changes resulting from post-mortem electrical stimulation. The labelling pattern of the nonstimulated SR preparations was essentially the same as that observed previously for white muscle SR of rabbit. Most of the membrane proteins were labelled, except for the high-affinity calciumbinding protein. Electrical stimulation, however, resulted in an increased labelling of calsequestrin suggesting that this protein is more exposed as a result of such treatment. Certain activities of the adenosinetriphosphatase were affected by electrical stimulation. Both the steady-state concentration of phosphoenzyme and the ATP~PI exchange reaction were significantly reduced by electrical stimulation. It is not known if this alteration in the membrane is responsible for the reduced activity of the SR and thus the greater rate of post-mortem pH fall in electrically stimulated muscle. [Other keywords: Membrane phosphorylation, muscle pH, cold-shortening.]

Electrical stimulation of referred sensation area alleviates phantom limb pain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michihiro Osumi ◽  
Daisuke Shimizu ◽  
Yuki Nishi ◽  
Shu Morioka
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Patients with brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) usually experience phantom sensations and phantom limb pain (PLP) in the deafferented limb. It has been suggested that evoking the sensation of touch in the deafferented limb by stimulating referred sensation areas (RSAs) on the cheek or shoulder might alleviate PLP. However, feasible rehabilitation techniques using this approach have not been reported. Objective: The present study sought to examine the analgesic effects of simple electrical stimulation of RSAs in BPA patients with PLP. Methods: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs for 60 minutes was conducted for six BPA patients suffering from PLP to examine short-term analgesic effects. Study 2: A single case design experiment was conducted with two BPA patients to investigate whether electrical stimulation of RSAs was more effective for alleviating PLP than control electrical stimulation (electrical stimulation of sites on side opposite to the RSAs), and to elucidate the long-term effects of electrical stimulation of RSAs. Results: Study 1: Electrical stimulation of RSAs evoked phantom touch sensations in the deafferented limb, and significantly alleviated PLP (p <  0.05). Study 2: PLP was alleviated more after electrical stimulation on RSAs compared with control electrical stimulation (p <  0.05). However, the analgesic effects of electrical stimulation on RSAs were observed only in the short term, not in the long term (p >  0.05). Conclusions: Electrical stimulation of RSAs not only evoked phantom touch sensation but also alleviated PLP in the short term. The results indicate that electrical stimulation of RSAs may provide a useful practical rehabilitation technique for PLP. Future studies will be required to clarify the mechanisms underlying immediate PLP alleviation via electrical stimulation of RSAs.

Electrical and physiological changes during short-term and chronic electrical stimulation of the normal cochlea

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 119-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Charlet de Sauvage ◽  
Deise Lima da Costa ◽  
Jean-Paul Erre ◽  
Jean-Marie Aran
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Electrical stimulation of C2C12 myotubes induces contractions and represses thyroid-hormone-dependent transcription of the fast-type sarcoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase gene

1997 ◽  
Vol 321 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc H. M. THELEN ◽  
Warner S. SIMONIDES ◽  
Cornelis van HARDEVELD
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
C2c12 Myotubes ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Atpase Gene ◽  
Stimulation Of

Chronic low-frequency contraction of skeletal muscle, either induced by a slow motor nerve or through direct electrical stimulation, generally induces expression of proteins associated with the slow phenotype, while repressing the corresponding fast isoforms. Contractions thereby counteract the primarily transcriptional effect of thyroid hormone (T3), which results in the selective induction and stimulation of expression of fast isoforms. We studied the regulation of expression of the fast-type sarcoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA1), a characteristic component of the fast phenotype. Previous work suggested that reduction of SERCA1 expression by contractile activity might result from interference with the T3-dependent transcriptional stimulation of the SERCA1 gene. The present study was set up to test this unexpected mode of action of contractile activity. We show that electrical stimulation of C2C12 mouse myotubes, which results in synchronous contractions at the imposed frequency, reduces basal but virtually abolishes T3-dependent SERCA1 expression. T3-dependent expression of a reporter gene driven by the SERCA1 promoter was similarly affected by electrical stimulation. This is the first demonstration that the counteracting effects on muscle gene expression of electrically induced contractions and T3 may interact at the transcriptional level.

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