scholarly journals The Effect of 2-Deoxy-N-Glucose on Ovarian Function of Cattle

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ McClure ◽  
CD Nancarrow ◽  
HM Radford
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Biochemical Change ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Energy Deficiency ◽  
Inhibition Of Glycolysis

The administration of the metabolic inhibitor, 2-deoxY-D-glucose (2DG), to four well fed heifers just before and during the time of expected oestrus, and to another heifer following the removal of the corpus luteum, prevented both the occurrence of oestrus and the formation of corpora lutea in all animals. Plasma progesterone concentrations remained low for at least 10--21 days after the last dose of 2DG. The results suggest that the inhibition of glycolysis is associated with the failure of both oestrus and formation of functional corpora lutea, and� they support the hypothesis that hypoglycaemia is the primary biochemical change responsible for infertility induced by acute energy deficiency in lactating cattle.

GONADAL HORMONES AND THE CONTROL OF OVULATION IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. DONOVAN ◽  
A. N. LOCKHART
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Acute Treatment ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

SUMMARY The release of ovulating hormone after acute treatment with gonadal steroids, or corpus luteum removal on different days of the oestrous cycle, was studied in the guinea-pig. Injection of 25, 50 or 100 μg oestradiol or 2·5 mg progesterone on day 13 of the cycle had no effect upon gonadotrophin secretion as judged by follicular histology, but markedly altered the sizes of the corpora lutea of the previous ovulation. Treatment with oestradiol on day 14 did not elicit gonadotrophin secretion. However, administration of the same hormones to animals given 10 μg oestradiol benzoate 24 h earlier caused ovulation or follicular luteinization. Progesterone (2·5 mg) appeared least effective in stimulating gonadotrophin release; 25 μg oestradiol were more effective when given at 12.00 h than at 24.00 h but treatment with both hormones caused ovulation when given at either time of day. Luteal volumes were not affected. Removal of corpora lutea during the second half of the cycle advanced the time of expected ovulation to day 15 or earlier when the procedure was carried out on days 8 or 9, but not on days 10–13. It is concluded that 4–5 days must elapse between the fall in plasma progesterone level associated with corpus luteum regression and the release of ovulating hormone.

scholarly journals Prolactin independent rescue of mouse corpus luteum life span: identification of prolactin and luteinizing hormone target genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. E676-E684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bachelot ◽  
Julie Beaufaron ◽  
Nathalie Servel ◽  
Cécile Kedzia ◽  
Philippe Monget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Mrna Expression Profiling

The corpus luteum (CL) plays a central role in the maintenance of pregnancy in rodents, mainly by secreting progesterone. Female mice lacking prolactin (PRL) receptor (R) are sterile due to a failure of embryo implantation, which is a consequence of decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor expression in the CL and inadequate levels of progesterone. We attempted to treat PRLR−/− females with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and showed a de novo expression of LHR mRNA in the corpora lutea. Binding analysis confirmed that the LHR in hCG-treated PRLR−/− animals was functional. This was accompanied with increased expression of steroidogenic enzymes involved in progesterone synthesis. Despite these effects, no embryo implantation was observed because of high expression of 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. To better appreciate the molecular mechanisms underlying maintenance of the CL, a series of mRNA expression-profiling experiments was performed on isolated corpora lutea of PRLR−/− and hCG-treated PRLR−/− mice. This approach revealed several novel candidate genes with potentially pivotal roles in ovarian function, among them, p27, VE-cadherin, Pten, and sFRP-4, a member of the Wnt/frizzled family. This study showed the differential role of PRL and LH in CL function and identified new targets of these hormones in luteal cells.

IN-VITRO STEROIDOGENESIS OF NEWLY FORMED CORPORA LUTEA AND THE NON-LUTEAL OVARY IN THE RAT, RABBIT, HAMSTER AND GUINEA-PIG

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. TERRANOVA ◽  
S. K. SAIDAPUR ◽  
G. S. GREENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Baseline Levels

The steroidogenic abilities of the newly formed corpus luteum (8–10 h after ovulation) and the non-luteal ovary were compared in the guinea-pig, hamster, rabbit and rat using an invitro incubation technique. Histologically, newly formed rat corpora lutea (CL) were highly luteinized whereas the CL of the rabbit and guinea-pig were only partially luteinized. The CL of the hamster showed the least amount of luteinization. Serum progesterone was highest in the rat (18 ± 3 (s.e.m.) ng/ml). In the hamster, it was about 8 ng/ml, whereas in the rabbit and guinea-pig it was about 1 ng/ml. Serum androstenedione ranged between 0·5 and 1 ng/ml. Serum testosterone was lowest in the hamster (60 pg/ml) and highest in the rabbit (470 pg/ml), whereas in the rat and guinea-pig, testosterone levels were similar (about 240 pg/ml). Serum oestrogens were at baseline levels in all species. The CL of the rat exhibited considerably greater steroidogenic ability than the CL of the other species, producing 70 ± 6 ng progesterone/mg per h, 215 ± 14 pg androstenedione/mg per h, 49 ± 3 pg testosterone/mg per h, 3 pg oestrone/mg per h and 1 pg oestradiol/mg per h. Rabbit CL produced only progesterone (7 ± 2 ng/mg per h). Newly formed hamster CL produced none of the above steroids. In general, the ability of the CL to produce progesterone in vitro correlated with the degree of luteinization found by histological observation. Guinea-pig CL were embedded deeply in the ovary and could not be obtained without damage. Consequently, a portion of the ovary containing a corpus luteum was incubated. There was no difference in the steroid production by this portion of the ovary compared with the non-luteal ovary. The non-luteal ovary of the rat produced the highest amount of progesterone (10 ± 2 ng/mg per h). The guinea-pig non-luteal ovary produced about 5 ± 2 ng progesterone/mg per h, whereas the non-luteal ovary of the rabbit did not produce any. On the other hand, the hamster non-luteal ovary lost progesterone. Non-luteal ovaries from all species produced androgens. The non-luteal ovary of the guinea-pig contained especially large numbers of atretic antral follicles. The guinea-pig non-luteal ovary produced extremely large amounts of androstenedione (1110 ± 210 pg/mg per h) and testosterone (606 ± 154 pg/mg per h) compared with the amounts produced by the non-luteal ovary of the rat, hamster and rabbit. In the non-luteal ovary, interstitium and atretic antral follicles are the probable source of androgens. Oestrogen production by the non-luteal ovary was at baseline levels in the four species studied correlating with the absence of healthy antral follicles. The results indicate the extreme species differences that exist in ovarian function in the early postovulatory period.

Depression of ovarian function and plasma progesterone and estradiol-17β in female goats chronically infected with Trypanosoma congolense

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Mutayoba ◽  
S. Gombe ◽  
E. N. Waindi ◽  
G. P. Kaaya
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Tertiary Stage ◽  
Fourth Cycle ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract. Adult normocyclic female goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense developed irregular and shorter estrous cycles before complete cessation at the fourth cycle post-infection. This was followed within a month by a decline in the mean plasma progesterone and estradiol-17β levels. The peak luteal progesterone as well as pre-ovulatory estradiol-17β level declined progressively from the second to the fourth cycle post-infection. The ovaries became atretic with reduced numbers of primordial and primary follicles. The larger follicles became atretic at the tertiary stage with subsequent lack of corpora lutea formation. The rapidity of ovarian dysfunction appeared to be related to the degree of susceptibility of the individual infected goats.

OVARIAN FUNCTION DURING TREATMENT WITH LYNOESTRENOL 0.5 mg DAILY

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Twenty-four women, all with normal ovulatory menstrual periods, were studied during in total 64 cycles on lynoestrenol 0.5 mg daily and during 11 control cycles. The 24-hour urines were collected for assay of total oestrogens on the 21st, 22nd and 23rd days of viz. the 1st, 4th, 6th and 12th cycles and for pregnanediol on the 22nd and 23rd days of the same cycles. Oestrogen excretion was at the same level during treatment and control cycles. All the control cycles and 9 and 14% respectively of the treatment cycles were ovulatory judging by the plasma progesterone and the pregnanediol excretion. On the basis of the latter parameter there was a certain luteal activity during 36 % of the treatment cycles. In all cycles but one, however, the plasma progesterone and the pregnanediol excretion were lower than during the control cycles. It must be assumed, therefore, that lynoestrenol in a dose of 0.5 mg daily inhibits the ovulation or function of the corpora lutea in practically all cases.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) ON PLASMA PROGESTERONE AND PITUITARY HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN CATTLE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. MANNS ◽  
H. D. HAFS ◽  
G. E. LAMMING
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Releasing Hormone

Four Friesian heifers 14–16 mo of age were injected through jugular catheters six times per day (0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800 and 2100 h) with 100 μg thyrotropin-releasing hormone or saline (control). TRH and saline treatment continued for 14 days beginning 1 day after a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (PGF2α, 30 mg) which was given during diestrus. Blood samples were collected via the catheters at 0900 and 2100 h each day for progesterone prolactin and LH determinations and before and 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 min after the 0600 and 2100 h TRH injections on the 1st, 7th and 13th days of treatment for growth hormone (GH) and prolactin analysis. After 14 days, heifers were injected with 10 mg PGF2α and changes in blood progesterone were measured for 24 h. There were two treatment periods; hence, each animal was subjected to both TRH and saline injections. Results support the following conclusions: (1) Prolactin secretion in response to TRH did not diminish with time. (2) Plasma progesterone of TRH-treated animals was lower (P < 0.05) from approximately day 5 of the cycle (estrus = day 0) until corpora lutea were destroyed with PGF2α; this provides no support for a luteotrophic role for prolactin. (3) Corpora lutea of all animals regressed after 10 mg PGF2α, suggesting that TRH had not increased the resistance of the corpus luteum to the luteolytic effects of PGF2α.

scholarly journals 315 CORPORA LUTEA MORPHOLOGICAL AND ECHOTEXTURAL ATTRIBUTES RELATED TO PLASMA PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION IN HEIFERS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
L. G. B. Siqueira ◽  
J. H. M. Viana ◽  
C. A. A. Torres ◽  
E. D. Souza ◽  
L. S. Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Luteal Tissue

It has been suggested that ultrasound image attributes are a potential indicator of the physiological and functional status of the corpus luteum (CL). The aim of this study was to evaluate corpus luteum morphological and echotextural changes, and to correlate these changes with plasma progesterone concentration [P4] throughout the bovine estrous cycle. Crossbred heifers were scanned daily, using a B-mode, real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 5-MHz linear-array rectal transducer, throughout a natural estrous cycle (Experiment 1; n = 12) or during a shorter estrous cycle, interrupted on the 10th day, by luteolysis induction (Experiment 2; n = 6). Blood samples were collected for further plasma [P4] analyses by RIA. Corpora lutea areas (cm2) were measured, and daily images of each CL were videotaped (VHS tapes) until digitized. Computer-assisted analyses of image attributes were performed using a custom-developed software. Daily values of luteal area, echotexture, and plasma [P4] values were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey's test to determine differences among means of each cycle day. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between luteal area, mean pixel value, pixel heterogeneity, and plasma [P4]. In the first experiment, luteal tissue area increased to a maximum on the 10th day (P < 0.05), followed by a plateau, and then declined from Day 14 to next estrus. There was a significant correlation between luteal tissue area and plasma P4 (r = 0.69; P < 0.01). In the second experiment, plasma P4 dropped to basal values 24 h after luteolysis induction. Luteal tissue area decreased at a slow rate, and reached values similar to ones from metestrus 36 h after treatment. In Experiment 1, echotexture parameters of the CL were analyzed after data adjustment to the onset of luteolysis. In both experiments, mean pixel values did not change throughout the estrous cycle and there was no correlation between mean pixel values and plasma [P4] (P > 0.10). Pixel heterogeneity changed throughout the natural estrous cycle, with maximum value on metestrus (Day 14; Day 0 = luteolysis) and minimum on diestrus (Day 2; P < 0.01). However, this parameter did not change when luteolysis was induced (Experiment 2; P > 0.10). There were significant correlations between pixel heterogeneity and plasma progesterone in both of the experiments (r = –0.69 and r = –0.48; P < 0.05). In conclusion, mean pixel values do not reflect morphological or functional changes of the CL throughout the estrous cycle. On the other hand, based on the correlations between pixel heterogeneity and systemic [P4] in both experiments, this image attribute (heterogeneity) has the potential to indicate functionality and steroidogenic capacity of the luteal gland.

The effect of GnRH analogue (buserelin) treatment on day 12 post mating on ovarian structure and plasma progesterone and oestradiol concentration in ewes

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. G. Beck ◽  
M. Jones ◽  
B. Davies ◽  
G. E. Mann ◽  
A. R. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Gnrh Analogue ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Buserelin Treatment ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Ovarian Structure

AbstractAn investigation was conducted into the effect of buserelin treatment on day 12 post mating on ovarian function and plasma progesterone and oestradiol-17 ji concentration in ewes. Changes in ovarian structures were determined, at laparoscopy or after slaughter, 48 h after treatment in 38 control and 41 ewes given an injection of 4 jig buserelin on day 12 post mating (day 0 = day of oestrus). Ovulation rate was higher in buserelin treated (2·76) than in control (1·87) ewes (P < 0·05). Moreover, 41 of the 113 corpora lutea observed in the buserelin group were the result of ovulations that had occurred within 48 h post treatment, compared with two of 71 in the controls (P < 0·05). Blood samples were collected from 10 ewes in each treatment group for hormone analysis. Mean progesterone concentrations tended to be higher, in samples collected from 2 to 6h post treatment, in the buserelin group (4·31 (s.e. 1·32) p.g/1) compared with the control group (3·71 (s.e. 1·44) fig/l. Furthermore, overall mean oestradiol concentrations were lower, during days 13, 14 and 15 post mating, in buserelin treated (0·72 (s.e. 0·26) ngfl) than in control (0·94 (s.e. 0·50) ng/l) ewes (P < 0·05). The results of this study indicate that buserelin treatment on day 12 post mating changes ovarian function.

The ovary and sexual maturation of the brain

Development ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
W. N. Adams Smith
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Litter Mate ◽  
The Brain

Pfeiffer (1935, 1936) reported the induction of constant oestrus in female rats following the transplantation of testes from litter-mate males just after birth and noted that the ovaries of these animals did not contain corpora lutea. These changes remained after removal of the testis transplants. The same effects were obtained by Bradbury (1941) following the administration of multiple doses of testosterone propionate. Barraclough & Leathern (1954) found that a single injection of 1 mg of testosterone propionate at 5 days of age led to permanent sterility in female mice, with no corpus luteum formation in their ovaries. Similar results were obtained in rats by Barraclough (1961) with the administration of a single injection of 1·25 mg of testosterone propionate. This permanent change in ovarian function does not appear to be a direct effect upon the ovary (Bradbury, 1941).

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