scholarly journals Variation in the Direction of Selection Applied by Pentenol to the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Locus in Drosophila melanogaster

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Oakeshott
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Null Allele ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenases ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Active Alcohol ◽  
Selective Effects

This paper describes selective effects of pentenol-impregnated media on six genotypes at the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus in D. melanogaster. In the laboratory population studied, developmental times of pre-adults homozygous for an alcohol dehydrogenase 'null' allele increased with increasing pentenol concentrations. The developmental times of the other five genotypes, which produced active alcohol dehydrogenases, increased slightly at pentenol concentrations up to 0�0033%, but above this concentration they decreased markedly. In fact on 0�067% pentenol, the highest concentration tested, developmental times of these five genotypes were between 9 and 24 h less than their developmental times on media lacking penteno!. The magnitude of the reduction in developmental time differed significantly between genotypes and was positively correlated with alcohol dehydrogenase activity.

scholarly journals Selection at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster imposed by environmental ethanol

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Oakeshott
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Survival Differences

SUMMARYThis paper describes selective differences imposed by environmental ethanol on six genotypes at the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Probit analyses were used to relate differences between the percentage survival of adults of different Adh genotypes to ethanol concentration. Regression analyses were used to relate differences between the pre-adult developmental times of different Adh genotypes to ethanol concentration. The directions of differences between some of the genotypes were found to differ in these two components of fitness. The differences in developmental time are linearly related to the differences in the in vitro alcohol dehydrogenase activity expressed by these genotypes. Percentage survival differences amongst adults are not linearly related to these differences in enzymic activity. The development of AdhF AdhF pre-adults is retarded the least on ethanol impregnated media but AdhFAdhS adults are most likely to survive on such media.

scholarly journals Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster: a quantitative character

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Activity Modifiers ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Adh Activity

SUMMARYAlcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster may be considered as a quantitative character, since it shows many features typically associated with such traits. Although strains with the electrophoretically fast phenotype generally have activities greater than those with the slow phenotype, presumably reflecting differences in the nucleotide sequences of the structural alleles, within each electrophoretic class there is considerable variation in activity. The expression of the structural gene, in terms of ADH activity, is to some extent regulated by its genetic background. Strains homozygous for particular structural alleles respond to divergent directional selection for ADH activity. Modifiers have been located to the X, second and third chromosomes.

scholarly journals The aromatic alcohol dehydrogenases in Pseudomonas putida N.C.I.B. 9869 grown on 3,5-xylenol and p-cresol

1978 ◽  
Vol 175 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Keat ◽  
D J Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenases ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Aromatic Alcohol ◽  
Aromatic Alcohols ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

Whole cells of Pseudomonas putida N.C.I.B 9869, when grown on either 3,5-xylenol or p-cresol, oxidized both m- and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohols. Two distinct NAD+-dependent m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenases were purified from cells grown on 3,5-xylenol. Each is active with a range of aromatic alcohols, including both m- and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, but differ in their relative rates with the various substrates. An NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase was also partially purified from p-cresol grown cells. This too was active with m- and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol and other aromatic alcohols, but was not identical with either of the other two dehydrogenases. All three enzymes were unstable, but were stabilized by dithiothreitol and all were inhibited with p-chloromercuribenzoate. All were specific for NAD+ and each was shown to catalyse conversion of alcohol into aldehyde.

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