scholarly journals Oxygen Uptake, Glucose Utilization, Lactate Release and Adenine Nucleotide Content of Sheep Ovarian Follicles in Culture: Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Seamark ◽  
F Amato ◽  
Susan Hendrickson ◽  
RM Moor
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Lactate Release ◽  
Nucleotide Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean

A study has been made of the oxygen uptake, glucose utilization, lactate release and cellular content of adenine nucleotides of isolated sheep ovarian follicles (4-6 mm in diameter) maintained in organ culture, and of the effects on these parameters of the addition of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The mean oxygen consumption of the entire follicles when freshly isolated and of the theca and membrana components was 0�56, 1�08 and 0�05 .umol per milligram wet weight of tissue per hour respectively. About 8.umol of glucose was taken up and 16 .umol of lactate released per milligram wet weight of follicular tissue per hour during the first 24-h period of culture. This rate reduced by about 30 % for each subsequent day of culture, but was significantly increased by the addition of hCG. The mean ATP content of theca and granulosa tissues was 4�6 and 2�8 nmol/mg wet weight of tissue respectively. There was no discernable change in tissue adenine nucleotide content or energy charge ratio during the 3-day culture period, and prolonged exposure to hCG was without effect. Untreated follicles produced both oestrogen and androgens throughout the culture period. The addition of hCG resulted in a transitory stimulation in oestrogen secretion, inhibition of androgen secretion, and a marked and sustained rise in progestin secretion.

MATURATIONAL CHANGES IN SHEEP OVARIAN FOLLICLES: GONADOTROPHIC STIMULATION OF CYCLIC AMP PRODUCTION BY ISOLATED THECA AND GRANULOSA CELLS

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Weiss ◽  
D. T. Armstrong ◽  
J. E. A. McIntosh ◽  
R. F. Seamark
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Theca and granulosa tissues isolated from sheep ovarian follicles of different sizes were incubated in the presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG; 5 IU/ml) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; 5 μg NIH-FSH-S11/ml) for 40 min. Changes in the total amounts of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were used as an index of the responsiveness of these preparations to the hormones. Thecal tissue of both large (4–6 mm in diameter) and small (1–3 mm) follicles responded similarly to gonadotrophins. Granulosa cells from small follicles failed to respond to stimulation by HCG. FSH, however, consistently increased cAMP production in comparison with controls or cells treated with HCG. Granulosa cells of large follicles responded to both HCG and FSH.

scholarly journals Down's Syndrome Screening Using Free βhCG: Instability Can Significantly Increase the Down's Risk Estimate

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine M Beaman ◽  
Naheed Akhtar ◽  
David J Goldie
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Risk Estimate ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sample Separation ◽  
The Impact

The stability of free βhCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) was assessed using a dual α-fetoprotein and free βhCG assay. A significant increase in free βhCG concentration was observed in heparinized samples left unseparated for 24 h or more, the mean increase in 21 samples being 10.2% after 24 h ( P = < 0.001), increasing to 45.7% after 96 h. Similar results were also obtained in clotted samples. The effect of the increase in free βhCG on the Down's risk estimate was calculated to assess the impact of delayed sample transport and separation. The Down's risk increased in all samples with increasing separation time, but this was most significant in two samples where, using a cut off of one in 250, the risk classification changed from low risk to high risk. These results suggest that delayed sample separation can have a significant effect on screening programmes using free βhCG, particularly with respect to those patients whose risk classification is changed.

PROGESTERONE AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN (HCG) LEVELS IN PLASMA DURING DILATION OF THE UTERINE CERVIX IN EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Fylling ◽  
Nils Norman
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Human

ABSTRACT Dilation of the uterine cervix for 16 hours as a preliminary to the induction of legal abortion during the first trimester of human pregnancy resulted in a marked increase in the plasma level of both progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). In a control group (with the dilating instrument taped on the medial side of the upper thigh) no increase in progesterone occurred. The increase in the plasma level of HCG was more pronounced than that of progesterone, the mean increase being 80 and 50 per cent respectively. Following the termination of the pregnancy, the half life (t½) of endogenous HCG in peripheral plasma could be calculated, and was found to be about 7 hours.

THE EXCRETION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN NORMAL PREGNANCY. AN IMMUNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
AILEEN F. CONNON
Keyword(s):  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Confidence Limits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Immunological Method ◽  
Immunological Investigation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immunological Assays

SUMMARY The haemagglutination-inhibition test was investigated as an immunological method for the assay of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). The preparation of a potent antiserum to HCG is described. The results of the assay of HCG during normal pregnancy in ten patients are compared with the results of immunological assays from two Swedish laboratories. The mean values and the 95 % confidence limits for the excretion of HCG from the 10th week of normal pregnancy are calculated.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Infusion of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Affects the Endometrial Thickness, Epidermal Growth Factor and Pregnancy Outcome in Patients Undergoing IUI

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafaa A. Abaid ◽  
◽  
Manal T. Al-Obaidi ◽  
Muayad S. Abood ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autologous Platelet

Despite developments in assisted reproductive technology, there is immaterial progress in the implantation and pregnancy rates. Intrauterine infusion (IUIF) of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) might renew implantation rates through its paracrine properties by progression cytokines and growth factors which favor implantation. Here we determine whether the IUIF of autologous PRP had a role in pregnancy outcome through its outcome on epidermal growth factor and endometrial thickness. An overall of 43 patients where prospectively randomly dispersed into two groups subjected to a superovulation program using Letrozole® tablet orally 2.5 mg twice daily 12 hours apart from day 2 for 5 days for one cycle. 20 women were considered as control receiving the conventional intrauterine insemination (IUI) management while 23 of them were given PRP by IUIF on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection. The IUI was done for both groups 36-48 hours after confirming ovulation. The blood samples were collected from both groups on the day of IUI for the valuation of epidermal growth factor and an ultrasound was done on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection and day of IUI for assessment of endometrial thickness. The mean endometrial thickness in the PRP group at the day of IUI was significantly thicker than that of the control group and the difference in percentage change of endometrial thickness between PRP group and controls significantly higher in PRP group. The mean epidermal growth factor and the pregnancy rate were significantly superior in the PRP group than that of controls. In conclusion, autologous PRP IUIF was well-tolerated and resulted in a significant expansion in endometrial thickness, epidermal growth factor Level and, subsequent pregnancy rate in an infertile woman undergoing IUI.

EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN MEN

1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schaison ◽  
F. Durand ◽  
I. Mowszowicz
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Acth Stimulation ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

ABSTRACT ACTH decreases plasma testosterone levels in men. The aim of this study was to assess the part played by the glucocorticoids in this effect, and the mechanism of their action. Plasma androstenedione, testosterone, cortisol and LH were measured in 8 normal men, before and after the following tests: ACTH stimulation (2 mg im), metyrapone administration (500 mg/every 4 h/6 times) and dexamethasone suppression (8 mg/day/3 days). In addition, androstenedione and testosterone were evaluated under human chorionic gonadotrophin (5000 IU HCG/day/3 days) before and after dexamethasone suppression (8 mg/day/6 days). In all patients, ACTH decreased plasma testosterone from 5.87 ± 1.59 (sd) ng/ml to 3.06 ± 0.8 (sd) ng/ml (P < 0.001). In contrast, after metyrapone, the mean plasma testosterone was increased to 6.98 ± 1.75 (sd) ng/ml. This increase, though not statistically significant, was observed in all patients but one. Both tests resulted in a significant increase of plasma androstenedione (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Dexamethasone suppressed both testosterone and androstenedione levels. None of the three tests had a significant effect on the LH concentration. HCG injection increased the mean plasma testosterone to 11.46 ± 2.80 ng/ml. Dexamethasone significantly depressed (P < 0.01) the testosterone response to HCG. These data are consistent with the following conclusions: 1) The decrease of plasma testosterone levels, observed in men after ACTH administration, is not observed after metyrapone induced ACTH increase. This confirms that it is related to cortisol levels rather than to ACTH itself. 2) Glucocorticoids act directly on testicular biosynthesis since they do not induce any change in LH secretion and since dexamethasone reduces testosterone response to HCG.

THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND THE PARADOXICAL EFFECT OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON THE VIABILITY OF HAMSTER SPERMATOZOA

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. LUBICZ-NAQROCKI ◽  
T. D. GLOVER
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Fertilizing Ability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Survival

SUMMARY Spermatozoa in the ligatured cauda epididymidis of golden hamsters were tested for their fertilizing ability 12 days after hypophysectomy or after hypophysectomy and treatment with testosterone or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Fertility trials showed that the mean fertilization rate was reduced to approximately 65% of the control level, which contrasts sharply with the previously reported effects of castration, which led to the infertility of spermatozoa within 12 days as a result of androgen withdrawal. The present study showed that loss of fertilizing ability in hypophysectomized animals was also due to a decrease in circulating androgens since treatment with testosterone or HCG (10 or 40 i.u./day) prevented the adverse effect of hypophysectomy. However, there was some indication that sperm survival might also be directly or indirectly dependent, in part, on hypophysial hormones. While daily doses of HCG (10 or 40 i.u./day) maintained fertilizing ability in hypophysectomized animals, treatment with intermediate doses (especially 20 i.u./day) reduced the mean fertilization rate to 40·8%. This paradoxical effect of HCG on sperm survival was shown not to be mediated by the adrenal glands: the magnitude of the effect was related to the amount of testicular tissue present. Thus, when only one testis was present the adverse effect of 20 i.u. HCG/day was reduced by approximately half whereas the spermatozoa retained a high fertilizing ability in animals that were both castrated and hypophysectomized and treated with testosterone. It is suggested that the biphasic effect of HCG is due to the peripheral conversion of limited but significant amounts of circulating testicular androgens into oestrogens which antagonize the effect of testosterone in the epididymis. Attention is drawn to the possibility that specific dose levels of HCG might also be detrimental to sperm survival in the treatment with gonadotrophins of infertility in men.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN WITH PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1712-16
Author(s):  
Nayab Afzal Chatha ◽  
Humaira Osman Jaffery ◽  
Saima Qamar ◽  
Nilofar Mustafa ◽  
Rizwana Kamran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

Objective: To determine the positive predictive value of beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin in early secondtrimester for predicting pregnancy induced hypertension. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Combined Military Hospital, Lahore,from Jun 2017 to Nov 2017. Methodology: A total of 214 female pregnant patients met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Patients withbeta human chorionic gonadotrophin (βHcg) levels ≥2 MoM were followed at 22, 26, 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. Blood pressure was monitored. Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was labelled after 20 weeks (as per dating scan) of gestation in patients who did not have proteinuria (≥300 mg 24 hour urine sample) and had a systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg (blood pressure readings taken at two separate points in time four hours apart). Results: Patients ranged between 18-35 years of age, with the mean age being 27.3 ± 4.3 years. Mean gestational age was observed to be 15.6 ± 1.8 weeks. Mean BMI was 23.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2. Out of 214 patients, 30 patients (14%) had beta human chorionic gonadotrophin level >2 MoM. Out of these 30 patients, 25 patients (83.3%) developed PIH. There were 100 primigravida (46.7%) and 114 multigravidas (53.3%). Beta human chorionic gonadotrophin in predicting pregnancy induced hypertension showed sensi-tivity of 96.1%, a specificity of 97.3%, with a PPV83.3%, a NPV 99.4% and diagnostic accuracy of 97.2%.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Ovine Ovarian Follicles in vitro by Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Douglas ◽  
RP Hamilton ◽  
RF Seamark
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin

Cholesterol biosynthesis from DL-[2-14C]mevalonic acid ([l4C]MVA) was demonstrated in ovine ovarian foIlicles and isolated thecal tissues and granulosaI ceIls incubated in vitro. Thecal tissues more readily synthesized cholesterol than did granulosal ceIls when incubated separately, but in the intact follicle the newly synthesized cholesterol distributed evenly between the two tissue layers, indicating that the theca could act as a supplementary source of cholesterol for the granulosal ceIls.

CAPACITATION AND FERTILIZATION DURING PSEUDOPREGNANCY IN THE RABBIT

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
R. H. F. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARY Capacitation and fertilization during pseudopregnancy in the rabbit were examined on Days 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 after mating with vasectomized males. At each of these five stages of pseudopregnancy, ovulation was induced in ten animals by a single injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG); an additional group of oestrous rabbits was similarly injected to serve as controls. Ejaculated spermatozoa were inseminated directly into the Fallopian tubes during laparotomy performed 2 h after the ovulating injection, and 15–22 h later the eggs were examined microscopically for evidence of fertilization. The mean number and range of induced ovulations decreased between Days 4 and 12 of pseudopregnancy. An overall recovery of 66% of the eggs resulting from these ovulations was achieved, the great majority being located in the Fallopian tubes. Fertilized eggs were obtained from 93% of the 60 does and 84% of the recovered eggs were fertilized. There was neither a decrease in the level of fertilization with advancing stages of pseudopregnancy, nor did the stage of pseudopregnancy influence the rate of development from pronuclear to four-celled eggs. Conspicuous among the small number of abnormal fertilizations were four dispermic pronuclear eggs and two digynic pronuclear eggs. It is concluded that after injection of HCG, complete capacitation of ejaculated spermatozoa can be achieved in the Fallopian tube between Days 4 and 12 of pseudopregnancy as rapidly as in the tube of oestrous rabbits. Furthermore, a high proportion of the eggs induced to ovulate during pseudopregnancy can be fertilized, though their potential for full embryonic development requires further study.

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