scholarly journals Coagulant and Non-Coagulant Fixation of Plant Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
TP O'brien ◽  
J Kuo ◽  
M E Mccully ◽  
S-Y Zee
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles ◽  
Heracleum Mantegazzianum

The appearance of cells from the meristem of the root tip of Phaseolus vulgaris after fixation in a variety of coagulant and non-coagulant fixatives is described and illustrated by correlated light and electron microscopy. The action of these same fixatives and some of their components upon the living cells of the petiolar hairs of Heracleum mantegazzianum is then described. Glutaraldehyde emerged as an excellent fixative for general use from these studies and further tests show that it will stabilize Hecht's threads in plasmolysed onion epidermis against breakage during dehydration. However, the formation of rounded cytoplasmic vacuoles from a pre-existing set of canalicular vacuoles and transformations of the cell membrane and tonoplasts were noted during these studies and none of the fixatives tested prevent the formation of these artefacts.

scholarly journals Effects of the cationic protein poly-L-arginine on airway epithelial cellsin vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahida Shahana ◽  
Caroline Kampf ◽  
Godfried M. Roomans
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Cationic Protein ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Background: Allergic asthma is associated with an increased number of eosinophils in the airway wall. Eosinophils secrete cationic proteins, particularly major basic protein (MBP).Aim: To investigate the effect of synthetic cationic polypeptides such as poly-L-arginine, which can mimic the effect of MBP, on airway epithelial cells.Methods: Cultured airway epithelial cells were exposed to poly-L-arginine, and effects were determined by light and electron microscopy.Results: Poly-L-arginine induced apoptosis and necrosis. Transmission electron microscopy showed mitochondrial damage and changes in the nucleus. The tight junctions were damaged, as evidenced by penetration of lanthanum. Scanning electron microscopy showed a damaged cell membrane with many pores. Microanalysis showed a significant decrease in the cellular content of magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chlorine, and an increase in calcium. Plakoglobin immunoreactivity in the cell membrane was decreased, indicating a decrease in the number of desmosomes.Conclusions: The results point to poly-L-arginine induced membrane damage, resulting in increased permeability, loss of cell-cell contacts and generalized cell damage.

scholarly journals A tribute to Shinya Inoue and innovation in light microscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen R. Dell ◽  
Ronald D. Vale
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Molecules ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
New Techniques

The 2003 International Prize for Biology was awarded to Shinya Inoue for his pioneering work in visualizing dynamic processes within living cells using the light microscope. He and his scientific descendants are now pushing light microscopy even further by developing new techniques such as imaging single molecules, visualizing processes in living animals, and correlating results from light and electron microscopy.

Fixing and Embedding “Difficult” Biological Material

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 904-905
Author(s):  
Hilton H. Mollenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Almost All

Introduction: This is a personal account of the author's attempts to solve some of the problems associated with the fixation and embedding of difficult biological materials such as plant tissues, almost all insect tissues, and large pieces of tissues including whole organs.Historically, the search began in the 1950's with the study of the maize root tip using the relatively new technique of electron microscopy. This system of cells, separated by thick and partially impermeable walls, did not respond well to the procedures most suitable for animal tissues. New approaches were needed and, in time, some were found that were at least useful if not ideal. A brief account of several of these is given in the following paragraphs.Fixation of plant cells: Potassium permanganate was chosen very early in the study primarily because it worked better for plant cells than did any of the fixation procedures currently available.

scholarly journals Spermatid Giant Cells, Tubular Hypospermatogenesis, Spermatogonial Swelling, Cytoplasmic Vacuoles, and Tubular Dilatation in the Testes of Normal Rabbits

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Morton ◽  
S. E. Weisbrode ◽  
W. E. Wyder ◽  
J. K. Maurer ◽  
C. C. Capen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Intercellular Bridges ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuoles ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Tubular Dilatation

Testes of 36 normal New Zealand white rabbits (8, 15, 18, 26, and greater than 52 weeks of age) were examined by light and electron microscopy. The incidence and number of affected tubules were determined for spermatid giant cells, focal tubular hypospermatogenesis, cytoplasmic swelling of spermatogonia, intracytoplasmic vacuoles in seminiferous epithelium, and tubular dilatation. Spermatogenesis commenced at 15–18 weeks of age and was present in all rabbits by 18 weeks. Spermatid giant cells occurred in 96% of rabbits 15 weeks of age and older. Focal hypospermatogenesis was present in 14–57% of testes once active spermatogenesis began. Ninety-seven percent of testes in all age groups combined had spermatogonial swelling. Infrequent dilated seminiferous tubules were present in five rabbits. Ultrastructurally, spermatid giant cells were round cells with multiple nuclei that appeared to arise by widening of narrow intercellular bridges that normally connect spermatogenic epithelial cells. Pale-staining spermatogonia consisted of cytoplasmic and nuclear swelling with disruption of plasma and nuclear membranes. Tubules with spermatogonial swelling were more numerous in 15- and 18-week-old rabbits. There were no significant differences in incidence or extent of spermatid giant cells, focal hypospermatogenesis, cytoplasmic vacuoles, or tubular dilatation between age groups after spermatogenesis commenced. Although the cause of these changes is not known, they were frequent findings in normal rabbits 15 weeks of age and older.

scholarly journals Space botany in Lithuania. I. Root gravisensing system formation during satellite “Bion-10” flight

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danguolė Švegždienė ◽  
Danguolė Raklevičienė ◽  
Dalia Koryznienė
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Garden Cress ◽  
Cell Region ◽  
System Formation ◽  
Cell Position ◽  
Distal Cell ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Abstract Švegždienė D., Raklevičienė D., Koryzienė D., 2013: Space botany in Lithuania. I. Root gravisensing system formation during satellite “Bion-10” flight [Kosminė botanika Lietuvoje. I. Gravitaciją juntančių šaknų ląstelių formavimasis palydovo „Bion-10“ skrydžio metu]. - Bot. Lith., 19(2): 129-138. The paper deals with the results of space experiment, which was carried out on an original automatically operating centrifuge „Neris-5“ on board of the satellite „Bion-10“ in 1993. The peculiarities of gravisensing system formation in roots of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seedlings grown in microgravity under simulated and natural gravity of 1g in space and on the ground, respectively, are presented. Quantitative study on the growth of root columella cells (statocytes), the state of their intracellular components, and the location of amyloplasts was performed by light and electron microscopy. The growth of statocytes in microgravity and under 1g in space did not differ significantly though the location of amyloplasts experienced significant changes: it depended on the gravity and cell position in columella. Instead of the concentration of amyloplasts at the distal cell region of roots grown under 1g, most plastids in microgravity-grown roots were accumulated at the centre of statocytes. The obtained data on the formation and state of intercellular plastids confirm the supposition that the environment of microgravity alters the metabolism of plant cells; however, its alterations are not fateful for the formation of gravisensing cells and for the growth of the whole root.

Microscopie de la mycoflore des aiguilles de sapin (Abies alba). II. Lophodermium piceae

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gourbière ◽  
Régis Pépin ◽  
Dominique Bernillon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Living Cells

Colonization of Abies alba Mill, needles by Lophodermium piceae (Fckl.) Höhn. (Ascomycetes, Hypodermataceae) was studied by light and electron microscopy. Internal mycelium is at first extracellular and invades all the tissues of the needle; thereafter hyphae may penetrate all cells. Cytoplasm and walls of living cells (parenchyma, phloem, cellulosic transfusion tissues) are then lysed. Hyphae also invade thick-walled and lignified cells (epidermis, hypodermis, xylem, tracheids, and fibers of transfusion tissues) without major degradation of the cell wall. Ascomatal development is intraepidermic. Colonization of the needles is limited by black areas (the diaphragms), the structure of which is described. Lophodermium piceae is a primary saprophyte. Needles are colonized during senescence but ascomata appear only on fallen needles. There are about 230 ascomata per gram of needles. The ecology of this fungus is compared with that of Thysanophora penicillioides (Roum.) Kendrick on Abies needles and with that of Lophodermium pinastri (Schrad.) Chev. on Pinus needles.

Microscopic Examination of Chilling Injury Symptoms in Ethanol-treated Cucumber Seedling Roots

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 454e-454
Author(s):  
Windy A. Boyd ◽  
Paul H. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Cucumber Seedling ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Seedling Roots

Cucumber seedlings were germinated for 24 h at 25 °C and half were immersed in a 500 mM ethanol solution for 2 h. After rinsing, seedlings were chilled for 96 h at 2 °C. Control and ethanol-treated samples were taken for light and electron microscopy immediately before and after chilling, and after re-warming for 24 and 72 h. Preliminary experiments revealed visual chilling symptoms such as pinching of the root in a region just above the root tip. This region was excised under a microscope, fixed, and mounted for microscopic observations. The cortical cells of ethanol-treated seedlings before chilling appeared to be irregular in shape with irregular edges, and some epidermal damage was evident. Chilling caused much more epidermal damage in the control seedlings when compared to the ethanol-treated seedlings. After chilling, cortical cells in the control seedlings were observed to be irregularly shaped while those treated with ethanol had round cells. Upon re-warming, control seedlings exhibited increasing epidermal damage with broken cell walls, while ethanol-treated seedlings exhibited more differentiation in the stele.

The Morphology of Vacuolated Cells in the Liver Following Administration of Vitamin A.

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Vacuolated Cell ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

Vacuolated cells in the liver of young rats were studied by light and electron microscopy following the administration of vitamin A (200 units per gram of body weight). Their characteristics were compared with similar cells found in untreated animals.In rats given vitamin A, cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were a prominent feature. These cells were found mostly in a perisinusoidal location, although some appeared to be in between liver cells (Fig. 1). Electron microscopy confirmed their location in Disse's space adjacent to the sinusoid and in recesses between liver cells. Some appeared to be bordering the lumen of the sinusoid, but careful observation usually revealed a tenuous endothelial process separating the vacuolated cell from the vascular space. In appropriate sections, fenestrations in the thin endothelial processes were noted (Fig. 2, arrow).

Control of Autogenous Vein Grafts Prior to Reimplantation, By Electron Microscopy

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
John H. L. Watson ◽  
John L. Swedo ◽  
M. Vrandecic
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Saphenous Veins ◽  
Autogenous Vein ◽  
Control Of Parameters ◽  
Post Implantation

The ambient temperature and the nature of the storage fluids may well have significant effects upon the post-implantation behavior of venus autografts. A first step in the investigation of such effects is reported here. Experimental conditions have been set which approximate actual operating room procedures. Saphenous veins from dogs have been used as models in the experiments. After removal from the dogs the veins were kept for two hours under four different experimental conditions, viz at either 4°C or 23°C in either physiological saline or whole canine arterial blood. At the end of the two hours they were prepared for light and electron microscopy. Since no obvious changes or damage could be seen in the veins by light microscopy, even with the advantage of tissue specific stains, it was essential that the control of parameters for successful grafts be set by electron microscopy.

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