scholarly journals Effect of Pregnancy on the Excretion of Sulphobromophthalein in Bile

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Shaw ◽  
T Heath
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Bile Flow Rate

A decreased plasma clearance of sulphobromophthalein (BSP) is often observed during the latter half of normal human pregnancy (Tindall and Beazley 1965). It also occurs during the ingestion of oral contraceptives (Roman and Hecker 1968) and after treatment with oestrogens at doses similar to those produced daily in late pregnancy (Kappas 1968). A reduction in bile flow has been described after oestrogen treatment in rats (Javitt and Harkavy 1969; Forker 1969; Kreek et al. 1967), but no attempts appear to have been made to associate changes in bile flow rate with alterations in BSP excretion.

Resveratrol reduces matrix metalloproteinases and alleviates intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Chen ◽  
Lingqing Hu ◽  
Mudan Lu ◽  
Zongji Shen
Keyword(s):  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Liver Disorder ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis Of Pregnancy ◽  
Resveratrol Treatment ◽  
Bile Flow Rate ◽  
Cholestasis Of Pregnancy

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a severe liver disorder occurring specifically in pregnancy, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were found to be elevated in ICP patients. Using ethinylestradiol-induced ICP rats as the model, we examined the effect of resveratrol on ICP symptoms such as bile flow rate, serum enzymatic activities, and TBA concentration, as well as MMP levels, and compared with the known ICP drug ursodeoxycholic acid. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 were upregulated in ICP rats, and resveratrol treatment could inhibit the elevation of both MMPs, whereas ursodeoxycholic acid did not exhibit any effect. Although ursodeoxycholic acid alleviated ICP symptoms, resveratrol treatment in general exhibited better outcome in restoring bile flow rate, serum enzymatic activities, and TBA concentration. Our results for the first instance strongly supported the potential of RE as a new therapeutic agent in treating ICP, possibly through inhibiting MMP-2 and MMP-9.

Influence of humoral and volume factors on altered osmoregulation of normal human pregnancy

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (4) ◽  
pp. F900-F907 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Davison ◽  
E. A. Shiells ◽  
P. R. Philips ◽  
M. D. Lindheimer
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Central Volume ◽  
In Pregnancy

These studies were designed to characterize mechanisms leading to decreased plasma osmolality (Posmol) and osmotic thresholds (T) for arginine vasopressin (AVP) release (TAVP) and thirst (Tthirst) in pregnancy. First, the influence of the pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), was tested in six nonpregnant women who received hypertonic saline during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle on two occasions (randomly allocated), once after 15,000 IU of hCG when Posmol, TAVP, and Tthirst decreased 6, 5, and 5 mosmol/kgH2O, respectively (P less than 0.01). In contrast, hCG pretreatment of males (n = 6) had no significant effect. Next, the role of decreased effective vascular volume (underfilling) was evaluated in seven women undergoing hypertonic saline infusion in the presence and absence of head-out water immersion (randomly allocated) during early and late pregnancy and postpartum. Posmol, TAVP, and Tthirst were not influenced by immersion and remained 10 mosmol/kgH2O lower in pregnancy (P less than 0.01). Central redistribution of intravascular volume consistently lowered hematocrit and rate of rise of PAVP per unit increment in Posmol (P less than 0.01). Although these data failed to support the hypothesis that the osmoregulatory change in human pregnancy is attributable to decrements in effective central volume (underfill), they do suggest that hCG may play a role.

scholarly journals The elements of fluid mechanics of bile flow through biliary drainage catheters

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wenguang Li
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Bile Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Inner Diameter

Obstructive jaundice in the biliary tract can infect blood and result in mortality with a high rate. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) with catheters is a useful solution discharging the obstructive jaundice. However, the elements of fluid mechanics showing clinical performance of a PTBD catheter have been documented little so far. In the article, empirical relationships between bile flow rate and pressure gradient in PTBD catheters were studied in terms of equivalent friction factor for the first time. Firstly, an equivalent friction factor in a catheter was raised and determined based on existing in vitro experimental data of bile flow through the catheters with different materials, various inner diameters and lengths under various pressure differences. Then, an empirical correlation of bile flow rate through a catheter was established based on pressure gradient, inner diameter and bile viscosity. The correlation was used to identify effects of catheter inner diameter and bile viscosity on the bile flow rate under the physiological bile pressure difference across obstructed common bile ducts. The feature of minor hydraulic losses in the catheters was clarified, too. The proposed equivalent friction factor was proportional to Reynolds number in a power of -0.654 in comparison with a power of -1 for the fully developed laminar flow in circular pipes. The bile flow rate through a catheter was proportional to inner diameter, kinematic viscosity, and pressure gradient in the powers of 3.2, -0.5 and 0.74, respectively. The minor hydraulic losses could be significant when Reynolds number was greater than 100.

Bile-salt-dependent and independent choleresis induced by bucolome in the rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1155-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kitani ◽  
Y. Morita ◽  
R. Miura ◽  
S. Kanai
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Enterohepatic Circulation ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Salt Excretion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Bile Flow Rate

Choleresis induced by bucolome (BC) (1-cyclohexyl-5-n-butyl-2,4,6-trioxoperhydropyrimidine) was studied in male Wistar rats. [14C]Erythritol and mannitol clearance studies indicated this choleresis to be of canalicular origin. In 1-h continuous bile collection studies, immediately after the interruption of enterohepatic circulation (acute interruption), both bile flow and bile salt excretion rates were significantly increased in rats administered BC. However, the bile salt excretion rate fell rather rapidly in BC-administered rats, while the bile flow rate was fairly constant during this 1-h period. Thus, unlike the situation in control rats, bile flow rate was not significantly correlated with the bile salt excretion rate in BC-administered rats. In rats that had an external bile fistula open for 16–20 h (chronic interruption of enterohepatic circulation) the bile flow rate was also significantly increased by BC administration, while the bile salt excretion rate was not changed after BC administration.It is suggested that BC induced bile-salt-independent choleresis in both experimental rat groups (acute and chronic interruption of enterohepatic circulation). In addition, BC appeared to increase the bile-salt-dependent fraction of bile in rats with acute interruption of enterohepatic circulation, possibly by mobilizing the bile salt pooled in the intestinal content and (or) intestinal wall.

scholarly journals Liver adenosine triphosphate content and bile flow rate in the rat

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Slater ◽  
V. B. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Sodium Taurocholate ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Atp Content ◽  
Total Liver ◽  
Bile Flow Rate

The effects of a number of hepatotoxic and other agents on the ATP content of rat liver are described. Changes in the distribution of ATP between the cell sap and the large-particle fraction were determined at intervals after rats had been dosed with various substances. Ethionine produced a rapid decrease in total liver ATP but no alteration in its intracellular distribution. Carbon tetrachloride, sodium salicylate, dimethylnitrosamine, 2,4-dinitrophenol, icterogenin, sodium succinate, sodium malonate and sodium taurocholate did not significantly alter the total ATP content of liver in the periods studied but changes in intracellular distribution were found. Carbon tetrachloride, malonate and taurocholate decreased, and salicylate treatment increased, the proportion of ATP in the cell sap. Treatment with sodium phenobarbitone increased the total liver ATP and the total amount of ATP in the cell sap. The changes in ATP concentration and in the intracellular distribution of ATP are correlated with changes previously reported in bile flow (Delaney & Slater, 1969). No general correlation was found between changes in total ATP and changes in bile flow rate, but there was a relationship between changes in bile flow and in ATP content in the case of ethionine. With the exception of taurocholate and icterogenin, which possibly act on a membrane site, an approximate correlation was found between changes in bile flow and changes in the amount of ATP in the cell sap. The findings are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms for biliary secretion.

Bile flow rate and cholesterol content in mice fed a gallstone-inducing diet

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Pedreira ◽  
Jay Tepperman
Keyword(s):  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Common Duct ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Bile ◽  
Bile Flow Rate ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Polyethylene Tubing

Polyethylene tubing (i.d. 0.023 in.) was found to be of uniform bore. Therefore, it was possible to cannulate the gall bladder of anesthetized, common-duct-ligated mice and measure the rate of bile flow by marking off 10-min collection periods with thin black plastic tape. Rate of flow for each mouse (cm of tubing/10 min) was calculated from at least three consecutive 10-min flow periods during which the rate was maximal and linear. The rate for male chow-fed controls was 6.9 ± se 0.14. Mice fed a 1% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid (C-CA) gallstone-inducing diet for 2 days, 5 days, and 2 months showed rates of 10.6 ± 1.1, 15.5 ± 1.48, and 34.8 ± 3.8. The rate for females on chow and after 2 months on the C-CA diet was significantly higher than that for males. Treatment of females with testosterone and of males with estrone caused a reversal of the sex difference. Cholesterol concentration of hepatic bile was no higher after 2 months on the C-CA diet than after 2 days, but total cholesterol secreted per unit time (concentration x flow rate) was significantly elevated at 2 months.

The Effect of Anaesthetic Agents on Bile Flow Rate and the Biliary Excretion of 131I-Chol-Ylglycyltrosine in the Rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 71 (s15) ◽  
pp. 71P-72P
Author(s):  
C.O. Mills ◽  
J.F. Freeman ◽  
A. Claxson ◽  
P.J. Salt ◽  
E. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Biliary Excretion ◽  
Bile Flow ◽  
Anaesthetic Agents ◽  
Bile Flow Rate
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