scholarly journals Regulation of Glutamate Dehydrogenases in Neurospora Crassa as a Response to Carbohydrates and Amino Acids in the Media

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
WN Strickland
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Amino Acid Accumulation

Mycelial pads of N. crassa grown for 48 hr in minimal medium were harvested, washed, and transferred to test media containing a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources. When some amino acids served as the sole carbon source, NAD-GDH was induced and the activity of NADP-GDH declined. Addition of sucrose depressed or prevented induction of NAD-GDH while NADP�GDH activity was maintained. Internal amino acid concentrations increased when mycelial pads were incubated in amino acids that induced NAD-GDH, but these accumulated amino acids were only oxidized in the absence of sucrose. The rate of amino acid accumulation decreased if sucrose was present in the media.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirements for the Improvement of Growth and Sporulation of Several Strains ofMonascus purpureuson Solid State Cultivation

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ajdari ◽  
Afshin Ebrahimpour ◽  
Musaalbakri Abdul Manan ◽  
Muhajir Hamid ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Medium Optimization ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sporulation Rate

This paper describes the nutritional requirements for the improvement of growth and sporulation of several strains ofMonascus purpureuson solid state cultivation. The findings revealed that glucose enhanced growth of allM. purpureusstrains tested but inhibited the sporulation rate. On the other hand, sucrose induced sporulation but inhibited production of cell mass. A combination of glucose and sucrose greatly enhanced sporulation and cell mass production ofM. purpureus. Although growth and sporulation rate were related to the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N ratio), the types and concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources also greatly influenced the growth kinetics. Among the media tested, Hiroi-PDA medium was the most preferred medium for allM. purpureusstrains tested for the enhancement of radial growth rate, sporulation, and cell production. Hence, Hiroi-PDA could be suggested as the generic basal medium for the cultivation ofM. purpureus. However, individual medium optimization is required for significant enhancement in growth and sporulation of each strain ofM. purpureus.

scholarly journals The composition of sacarine substrates for ethanol production and the fermentative capacity Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pedra-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e44891110235
Author(s):  
Rebeca Fasioli Silva ◽  
Maria do Socorro Mascarenhas Santos ◽  
Larissa Pires Mueller ◽  
Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso ◽  
Margareth Batistote
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Fermentative Capacity ◽  
Fermentation Capacity ◽  
Before And After

The production of ethanol in Brazil is based on sugarcane juice, however other biomasses can be used for this process, such as sweet sorghum. However, some nutrients can interfere with fermentation, such as the presence of metals, carbon and nitrogen sources, which can affect the fermentation capacity of yeasts. Thus, this study aims to analyze the presence of fundamental nutrients present in saccharine substrates, as well as their assimilation and conversion of ethanol by the yeast Pedra-2. Samples of sugarcane and sorghum juice were obtained, in which analysis of the presence of metals was carried out using acid digestion and the levels determined by atomic flame absorption spectroscopy. The amino acid analysis was performed on the saccharine substrates at a concentration of 22 ºBrix, before and after fermentation, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and the concentration of ethanol by gas chromatography. The sorghum broth showed higher amounts of available amino acid metals. The yeast Pedra-2 showed better fermentative performance in the sorghum broth. We can conclude that the sorghum broth represents an important substrate to be used to increase the sustainability and production of ethanol in Brazil.

Growth and production of microsclerotia of two Cylindrocladium species with various carbon and nitrogen sources

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1665-1668 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Cylindrocladium Floridanum ◽  
Slight Growth

Galactose, glucose, maltose, and mannose supported optimum growth of Cylindrocladium scoparium in buffered liquid media. Growth of C. floridanum was maximum on cellobiose, sorbose, and xylose, but growth was only slight on maltose and galactose. Both fungi used several amino acids and grew well on peptone, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, and urea. Cylindrocladium floridanum grew well on sodium nitrite, but C. scoparium made only slight growth on this nitrogen source. Ammonium and nitrite compounds inhibited production of microsclerotia by both fungi. The fungi grew between pH 4.1 and 7.5 with optimum growth at pH 6.5. Numbers of microsclerotia produced were generally directly related to the amount of growth.

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of Fructosyl-Amino Acid Oxidases of Aspergillus oryzae

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 5882-5890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-ichi Akazawa ◽  
Tetsuya Karino ◽  
Nobuyuki Yoshida ◽  
Tohoru Katsuragi ◽  
Yoshiki Tani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

ABSTRACT Three active fractions of fructosyl-amino acid oxidase (FAOD-Ao1, -Ao2a, and -Ao2b) were isolated from Aspergillus oryzae strain RIB40. N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of FAOD-Ao2a corresponded to those of FAOD-Ao2b, suggesting that these two isozymes were derived from the same protein. FAOD-Ao1 and -Ao2 were different in substrate specificity and subunit assembly; FAOD-Ao2 was active toward N ε-fructosyl N α-Z-lysine and fructosyl valine (Fru-Val), whereas FAOD-Ao1 was not active toward Fru-Val. The genes encoding the FAOD isozymes (i.e., FAOAo1 and FAOAo2) were cloned by PCR with an FAOD-specific primer set. The deduced amino acid sequences revealed that FAOD-Ao1 was 50% identical to FAOD-Ao2, and each isozyme had a peroxisome-targeting signal-1, indicating their localization in peroxisomes. The genes was expressed in Escherichia coli and rFaoAo2 showed the same characteristics as FAOD-Ao2, whereas rFaoAo1 was not active. FAOAo2 disruptant was obtained by using ptrA as a selective marker. Wild-type strain grew on the medium containing Fru-Val as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, but strain ΔfaoAo2 did not grow. Addition of glucose or (NH4)2SO4 to the Fru-Val medium did not affect the assimilation of Fru-Val by wild-type, indicating glucose and ammonium repressions did not occur in the expression of the FAOAo2 gene. Furthermore, conidia of the wild-type strain did not germinate on the medium containing Fru-Val and NaNO2 as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, suggesting that Fru-Val may also repress gene expression of nitrite reductase. These results indicated that FAOD is needed for utilization of fructosyl-amino acids as nitrogen sources in A. oryzae.

THE EFFECT OF NUTRIENTS AND ENVIRONMENT ON SYNNEMATA FORMATION OF STILBELLA THERMOPHILA

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Al-Hassan ◽  
C. L. Fergus
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Exogenous Supply

Stilbella thermophila Fergus was grown on a chemically denned medium of D-glucose, KNO3, MgSO4, KH2PO4, agar, and microelements to determine the effect of environment and nutrition on growth and synnemata production. An exogenous supply of thiamine stimulated growth markedly on pyridine-purified agar, but both thiamine and biotin were required for synnemata to form. Pyrimidine was the effective moiety, not thiazole. S. thermophila grew on a large number of carbon and nitrogen compounds substituted singly into the basal medium, but synnemata formed on less than half of such media. Sucrose did not inhibit synnemata formation with glucose present, but no synnemata formed with sucrose in the medium even with a number of different nitrogen sources. Synnemata production followed chance mold contamination on a few of the media that normally did not allow their production. The carbon–nitrogen ratio significantly affected synnemata formation. So did pH, concentration of phosphate buffer, and temperature. At suboptimal temperatures, reduced synnemata, or only loose bundles of conidiophores, formed. Light was not required for synnemata initiation nor for maturation. Synnemata formation occurred over a narrower range of temperature, pH, vitamin concentration, nutrient concentration, and nutrient spectrum (carbon and nitrogen sources) than did mycelial growth.

PROTEINASE BIOSYNTHESIS BY STREPTOCOCCUS LIQUEFACIENS: I. THE EFFECT OF CARBON AND NITROGEN SOURCES, pH, AND INHIBITORS

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rabin ◽  
Leonard N. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Some nutritive aspects of proteinase biosynthesis by non-proliferating cells of Streptococcus liquefaciens, strain 31, were investigated by substituting constituents in a basal medium containing casein, lactose, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and salts. The casein of the medium could be replaced by a mixture of 12 "essential" amino acids (glutamic acid, histidine, valine, serine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, arginine, cystine, lysine, tryptophane, and threonine), thus demonstrating that proteinase synthesis can occur in a medium devoid of protein. Proteinase biosynthesis appeared to depend upon an inordinately high concentration of arginine, required a fermentable carbohydrate, and occurred optimally at pH 6.3. Sodium fluoride and iodoacetate did not inhibit the proteinase activity but radically curbed its synthesis.

scholarly journals Amino Acid Accumulation by Human Reticulocytes

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1564-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID W. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Amino Acid Accumulation

Abstract 1. The concentrations of certain amino acids were measured by ion exchange chromatography in mature red cells, in red cells with a high percentage of reticulocytes, and in the plasma in which these red cells had been suspended. The concentration ratio as a measure of net accumulation of the red cells for amino acids was derived from these data. 2. Adult red cells can accumulate glycine and alanine, but not methionine, valine, isoleucine or leucine. 3. Reticulocytes can accumulate glycine best, then alanine, then methionine, isoleucine, and leucine to approximately the same extent. They were unable to maintain a concentration gradient for valine. 4. In two patients with thalassemia, no abnormality was found in the plasma or red cell levels of citrulline, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, or phenylalanine. In one of the thalassemic patients no abnormality of histidine was found. The amino acid accumulation by thalassemic, or fetal red cells was the same as for normal red cells of comparable reticulocyte percentage.

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