scholarly journals Metabolic Effects of Catecholamines in Sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Bassett
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion ◽  
Adrenaline Injection

Intravenous infusion of 1� 5 mg adrenaline over 30 min into adult Merino wethers (50 kg body weight), increased glucose, lactate, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations in plasma much more than did a single rapid intravenous injection of the same amount. There was no increase in plasma insulin concentration during adrenaline infusion or after adrenaline injection.

Effect of insulin on oxidative and nonoxidative pathways of free fatty acid metabolism in human obesity

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. E79-E84 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Groop ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
D. C. Simonson ◽  
A. S. Petrides ◽  
M. Shank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Basal Rate ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Obese Subjects

The dose-response relationship between the plasma insulin concentration and oxidative and nonoxidative pathways of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism was examined in 11 obese and 7 lean subjects using a stepwise insulin clamp technique in combination with indirect calorimetry and infusion of [1-14C]palmitate. The fasting plasma FFA concentration was elevated in obese subjects (793 +/- 43 vs. 642 +/- 39 mumol/l; P less than 0.01) and was associated with an increased basal rate of plasma FFA turnover, FFA oxidation, and nonoxidative FFA disposal, i.e., reesterification (all P less than 0.01). Suppression of plasma FFA turnover by physiological increments in plasma insulin was impaired in obese compared with lean subjects. However, plasma FFA turnover expressed per kilogram fat mass was normally suppressed by insulin in obese subjects. Although insulin suppressed plasma FFA oxidation to the same extent in lean and obese subjects, inhibition of total lipid oxidation by insulin was impaired in the obese group. Obese subjects had an enhanced basal rate of nonoxidative FFA disposal, which was suppressed less by physiological increments in plasma insulin compared with lean controls. Therefore, we conclude that 1) lipolysis in uncomplicated obesity is normally sensitive to insulin; the enhanced FFA flux is simply a consequence of the increased fat mass. 2) Nonoxidative FFA disposal expressed per lean body mass is enhanced in obese subjects and correlates with the increase in plasma FFA concentration and fat mass. 3) Enhanced oxidation of intracellular lipids contributes to the enhanced rate of total lipid oxidation in obese subjects.

scholarly journals 146 Nutritional Advances in Fetal and neonatal development: effect of fatty acid supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 121-122
Author(s):  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Offspring Growth

Abstract Data from a series of experiments demonstrates that maternal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), during late gestation affects offspring growth. The increase in growth is independent on the fatty acid supplemented during the growing or finishing phase of the offspring; but it is sex dependent. Dam PUFA supplementation increases wether growth. Supplementation with EPA and DHA to pregnant ewes and to their offspring after weaning showed a treatment interaction in mRNA concentration of hypothalamic neuropeptides associated with dry matter intake (DMI) regulation. A dose increased in EPA and DHA in pregnant ewe diets shows a linear increase in growth, but a quadratic change in DMI or feed efficiency; growth was associated with a linear increase in plasma glucose concentration and a linear decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration. In lambs born from ewes supplemented with different sources of FA during a glucose tolerance test; males’ plasma insulin concentration increased as FA unsaturation degree increased in the dam diet, the opposite happened with females’ plasma insulin concentration. Recent data from our lab showed that the supplementation with EPA and DHA during the last third of gestation to pregnant ewes increased liver and small intestine global DNA methylation and small intestine transporters for amino acids in the fetus. Despite EPA and DHA during late gestation increase growth in the offspring; when EPA and DHA were supplemented in early gestation, offspring growth was lesser that lambs born from ewes supplemented a saturated and monounsaturated lipid. The reason for the difference in results it is not clear. However, more studies focusing in some aspect of the biology will help to understand what specific fatty acid needs to be supplemented at different stages of gestation to improve offspring growth.

Dose-dependent effect of insulin on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation in humans

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E736-E750 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
L. C. Groop ◽  
K. Zych ◽  
M. Shank ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Dose Dependent

Methodology for measuring plasma free fatty acid (FFA) turnover/oxidation with [1–14C]palmitate was tested in normal subjects. In study 1, two different approaches (720-min tracer infusion without prime vs. 150-min infusion with NaH14CO3 prime) to achieve steady-state conditions of 14CO2 yielded equivalent rates of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation. In study 2, during staircase NaH14CO3 infusion, calculated rates of 14CO2 appearance agreed closely with NaH14CO3 infusion rates. In study 3, 300-min euglycemic insulin clamp documented that full biological effect of insulin on plasma FFA turnover/oxidation was established within 60–120 min. In study 4, plasma insulin concentration was raised to 14 +/- 2, 23 +/- 2, 38 +/- 2, 72 +/- 5, and 215 +/- 10 microU/ml. A dose-dependent insulin suppression of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation was observed. Plasma FFA concentration correlated positively with plasma FFA turnover/oxidation in basal and insulinized states. Total lipid oxidation (indirect calorimetry) was significantly higher than plasma FFA oxidation in the basal state, suggesting that intracellular lipid stores contributed to whole body lipid oxidation. Hepatic glucose production and total glucose disposal showed the expected dose-dependent suppression and stimulation, respectively, by insulin. In conclusion, insulin regulation of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation is maximally manifest at low physiological plasma insulin concentrations, and in the basal state a significant contribution to whole body lipid oxidation originates from lipid pool(s) that are different from plasma FFA.

Thermogenic, hormonal, and metabolic effects of a TPN mixture. Influence of glucose and amino acids

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. E845-E851 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Carlson ◽  
P. Gray ◽  
J. Arnold ◽  
R. A. Little ◽  
M. H. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Component ◽  
Intravenous Nutrition

The thermogenic, hormonal, and metabolic effects of intravenous nutrition were examined by administering a complete total parenteral nutrition (TPN) mixture to 11 subjects, and the relative contributions of the glucose and amino acid components of the mixture were evaluated by administering these nutrients separately (n = 7 and n = 6, respectively). The complete TPN mixture caused a 22.9% rise in resting energy expenditure (REE), which significantly exceeded that associated with glucose (10.4% P < 0.02). The rise in REE produced by the amino acids (11.5%) did not differ significantly from that associated with administration of the TPN or glucose. The rise in REE associated with the TPN was almost exactly equal to the sum of the rises associated with the separate components of the mixture (22.9% and 22.0%, respectively), indicating that glucose and amino acids contributed equally to the thermogenic effect of the TPN mixture. In contrast, although the amino acid component of the TPN mixture was associated with small but significant reductions in plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentration and with small increases in plasma insulin concentration, the effects of the complete TPN mixture were significantly greater and attributable to the glucose component.

scholarly journals Effects of pair-feeding and growth hormone treatment on obese transgenic rats

2002 ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Furuhata ◽  
K Hirabayashi ◽  
T Yonezawa ◽  
M Takahashi ◽  
M Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Transgenic Rats ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Accumulation

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that GH-deficient subjects tend to have fat accumulation. We have produced human GH (hGH) transgenic rats that exhibit low circulating hGH levels and hyperphagia. These rats are also characterized by severe obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted in order to elucidate how excess caloric intake and impaired GH secretion account for fat accumulation and metabolic abnormalities in the transgenic rats. DESIGN AND METHODS: The transgenic rats were subjected to either pair-feeding with non-transgenic controls or hGH treatment from 4 to 12 weeks of age, and the effects on fat accumulation and some metabolic parameters were assessed. RESULTS: At the age of 12 weeks, body weight and food intake were greater in transgenic than in control rats by 10% and 27% respectively. The ratio of epididymal white adipose tissue weight to body weight (WAT/BW) was more than three times greater in transgenic than in control rats. Although pair-feeding for 8 weeks decreased body weight, it did not affect the WAT/BW ratio. Treatment with hGH affected neither body weight nor food intake, while it reduced the WAT/BW ratio by 30%. Serum concentrations of triglyceride, free fatty acid, insulin and leptin were all significantly higher in the transgenic than in the control rats. Pair-feeding decreased serum triglyceride, insulin and leptin levels, but not serum free fatty acid levels. On the other hand, hGH treatment decreased only serum leptin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that severe fat accumulation in the transgenic rats mainly resulted from the decreased lipolytic action of GH, while metabolic abnormalities mainly resulted from excess caloric intake.

PLASMA GLUCOSE, INSULIN AND FREE FATTY ACIDS DURING LONG-TERM CORTICOSTEROID TREATMENT IN CHILDREN

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Gács ◽  
Katalin Berend
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Glucose Administration ◽  
Insulin Levels

ABSTRACT The effect of long-term corticosteroid treatment on glucose-insulin-free fatty acid interrelationships was studied in 25 children. The fasting blood glucose level and glucose tolerance after oral glucose administration were normal in all cases. The mean plasma insulin concentration on the other hand was significantly higher during the glucose tolerance tests. Free fatty acid levels were moderately lower in the fasting plasma and significantly lower 30 min after glucose administration. This shift in the balance between the changes studied may contribute to the fat deposition often seen during corticosteroid treatment. There was no correlation between the actual dose of the drug and the insulin levels. Children – even if treated with corticosteroids for years – are able to maintain a normal glucose tolerance as a result of a continuous elevated insulin level. Arginine stimulation also resulted in a trend to higher insulin levels in the corticosteroid treated group but the difference from the normal was much smaller than after glucose administration.

PLASMA GLUCOSE, LACTATE AND FREE FATTY ACID RESPONSES TO ADRENALINE IN CHRONICALLY WARM- AND COLD-EXPOSED SHEEP

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. GRAHAM ◽  
G. D. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion

The effects of chronic cold exposure, fasting, or both on the plasma metabolite responses to jugular infusions of adrenaline were studied in eight five-mo-old wether lambs. Following maintenance at 20–22 °C or −4 to 10 °C for 2–3 wk the sheep received adrenaline infusions (0.15 μg∙kg−1∙min−1) for 75 min prior to and following a 72-h fast. Plasma samples collected at intervals of 10–15 min before and during adrenaline infusion were analyzed for glucose, lactate and total free fatty acids. Chronic cold exposure had no effect on the pre-infusion plasma glucose, lactate or free fatty acid concentrations. Fasting decreased plasma glucose and lactate and increased plasma free fatty acid concentrations. The plasma glucose response to adrenaline was greater (P < 0.01) in cold- than warm-exposed sheep and fasting depressed this response to a greater extent in the cold-exposed sheep. The plasma lactate response to adrenaline was not influenced by temperature treatment or fasting. Both groups of fasted sheep showed a large increase in plasma free fatty acids during adrenaline infusion but when fed the response was minimal.

Mechanism of regulation of glucose production by lipolysis in humans

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. E353-E358 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jahoor ◽  
S. Klein ◽  
R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Nicotinic Acid ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Normal Humans ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the rate of lipolysis and rate of glucose production (Ra) was investigated in 14- and 86-h fasted humans. [6,6-2H]glucose and [2H]5glycerol were infused to measure glucose and glycerol Ra in response to infusions of nicotinic acid in 14- and 86-h fasted subjects (protocol 1). The response of glucose Ra to nicotinic acid alone and nicotinic acid plus unlabeled glycerol was also measured in 86-h fasted subjects (protocol 2). After a 14-h fast, nicotinic acid caused a 30% decrease in plasma insulin levels and a marked (66%) decrease in plasma free fatty acid levels but did not have any significant effect on glucose Ra and concentration. After 86 h of fasting, nicotinic acid decreased glycerol Ra and hence lipolytic rate by approximately 60%. This caused a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) of 16-20% in glucose Ra and uptake. This decrease in glucose Ra was abolished when unlabeled glycerol was also infused with nicotinic acid to maintain glycerol Ra. These findings suggest that, in normal humans, a decrease in the rate of lipolysis regulates glucose Ra via its effect on the availability of glycerol for gluconeogenesis.

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