scholarly journals The Extractives of the Mycorrhizas and Roots of Pinus Radiata and Pseudotsuga Menziesii

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
WE Hills ◽  
N Ishikura
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Fast Growing

The amounts of acetone extractives from mycorrhizas and their polyphenolic portion were variable over a 6�month period. During August the amounts of extrac� tives and polyphenols were higher in slow� than in fast-growing Pinus radiata seedlings. The amount of extractives in the roots were greater than those in the mycorrhizas but in the latter the polyphenols were concentrated in the outer layer. The composition of the mycorrhizal and root extractives of P. radiata were very similar and in addition to resin contained catechin, two components that are very similar to 3,5,3',4'.tetrahydroxystilbene and one of its glucosides, and leucocyanidin polymers. The mycorrhizas of Pseudotsuga menziesii contain 15 components, includ� ing catechin, epicatechin, leucocyanidin polymers, and a polyene. With the exception of the latter the roots of Ps. menziesii contained the same components and in addition poriolin, poriol, taxifolin, taxifolin-3�glucoside, and quercetin.3.glucoside. Evidence supports the view that the polyphenols are formed in situ and appear to be formed in enhanced amounts in the tannin layer of mycorrhizas. Their possible role in the establishment of mycorrhizas is discussed.

scholarly journals Using GEDI lidar data and airborne laser scanning to assess height growth dynamics in fast-growing species: a showcase in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Adrián Pascual
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Airborne Laser

Abstract Background The NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) satellite mission aims at scanning forest ecosystems on a multi-temporal short-rotation basis. The GEDI data can validate and update statistics from nationwide airborne laser scanning (ALS). We present a case in the Northwest of Spain using GEDI statistics and nationwide ALS surveys to estimate forest dynamics in three fast-growing forest ecosystems comprising 211,346 ha. The objectives were: i) to analyze the potential of GEDI to detect disturbances, ii) to investigate uncertainty source regarding non-positive height increments from the 2015–2017 ALS data to the 2019 GEDI laser shots and iii) to estimate height growth using polygons from the Forest Map of Spain (FMS). A set of 258 National Forest Inventory plots were used to validate the observed height dynamics. Results The spatio-temporal assessment from ALS surveying to GEDI scanning allowed the large-scale detection of harvests. The mean annual height growths were 0.79 (SD = 0.63), 0.60 (SD = 0.42) and 0.94 (SD = 0.75) m for Pinus pinaster, Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus spp., respectively. The median annual values from the ALS-GEDI positive increments were close to NFI-based growth values computed for Pinus pinaster and Pinus radiata, respectively. The effect of edge border, spatial co-registration of GEDI shots and the influence of forest cover in the observed dynamics were important factors to considering when processing ALS data and GEDI shots. Discussion The use of GEDI laser data provides valuable insights for forest industry operations especially when accounting for fast changes. However, errors derived from positioning, ground finder and canopy structure can introduce uncertainty to understand the detected growth patterns as documented in this study. The analysis of forest growth using ALS and GEDI would benefit from the generalization of common rules and data processing schemes as the GEDI mission is increasingly being utilized in the forest remote sensing community.

scholarly journals Microstructure of Anaerobic Granules Bioaugmented with Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 4035-4043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lanthier ◽  
B. Tartakovsky ◽  
R. Villemur ◽  
G. DeLuca ◽  
S. R. Guiot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Oligonucleotide Probes ◽  
Reactor Operation ◽  
Mathematical Simulations ◽  
Successful Colonization

ABSTRACT Oligonucleotide probes were used to study the structure of anaerobic granular biofilm originating from a pentachlorophenol-fed upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor augmented with Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated successful colonization of anaerobic granules by strain PCP-1. Scattered microcolonies of strain PCP-1 were detected on the biofilm surface after 3 weeks of reactor operation, and a dense outer layer of strain PCP-1 was observed after 9 weeks. Hybridization with probes specific for Eubacteria and Archaea probes showed that Eubacteria predominantly colonized the outer layer, while Archaea were observed in the granule interior. Mathematical simulations showed a distribution similar to that observed experimentally when using a specific growth rate of 2.2 day−1 and a low bacterial diffusion of 10−7 dm2 day−1. Also, the simulations showed that strain PCP-1 proliferation in the outer biofilm layer provided excellent protection of the biofilm from pentachlorophenol toxicity.

Nutrient and hormone levels in Douglas-fir corrosion cavities, megagametophytes, and embryos during embryony

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 2447-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G Carman ◽  
Gordon Reese ◽  
Rodney J Fuller ◽  
Timnit Ghermay ◽  
Roger Timmis
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Corrosion Cavity ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Gymnospermous embryos are nourished by fluids secreted from the megagametophyte. During early embryony, these fluids occupy the newly formed corrosion cavity. We describe a novel method for extracting corrosion cavity fluid and provide chemical analyses based on extractions from approximately 120 000 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) megagametophytes. Levels of potassium, phosphorus, calcium, zinc, and iron were higher in corrosion cavity fluid than in whole tissue, but levels of sulphur and manganese were lower. Levels of cyclitols, sucrose equivalents, erythrose, and arabinose were many-fold higher in corrosion cavity fluid than in whole tissues. Ala, Ser, Arg, Glx, and NH3 exceeded 80 mmol/kg dry mass in corrosion cavity fluid. These levels were about 100-fold higher than those found in whole tissues. During early embryony, hormone levels in corrosion cavity fluid were higher than levels observed in whole megagametophytes by 120-fold for indole-3-acetic acid, 53-fold for abscisic acid, and 8- to 10-fold for cytokinins. Nutrient and hormone levels tended to be much higher in the corrosion cavity fluid than would have been predicted based on whole-tissue analyses. Dynamic changes in nutrient and hormone levels occurred over time in the corrosion cavity, and these changes may normalize embryony in situ.

scholarly journals The Characteristics and Expression Profile of Transferrin in the Accessory Nidamental Gland of the Bigfin Reef Squid during Bacteria Transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hau-Wen Li ◽  
Chih Chen ◽  
Wei-Lun Kuo ◽  
Chien-Ju Lin ◽  
Ching-Fong Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Iron Sequestration ◽  
Nidamental Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cell Layer ◽  
Bacterial Transmission

AbstractThe accessory nidamental gland (ANG) is a female reproductive organ found in most squid and cuttlefish that contains a consortium of bacteria. These symbiotic bacteria are transmitted from the marine environment and selected by the host through an unknown mechanism. In animals, a common antimicrobial mechanism of innate immunity is iron sequestration, which is based on the development of transferrin (TF)-like proteins. To understand this mechanism of host-microbe interaction, we attempted to characterize the role of transferrin in bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) during bacterial transmission. qPCR analysis showed that Tf was exclusively expressed in the outer layer of ANG,and this was confirmed by in situ hybridization, which showed that Tf was localized in the outer epithelial cell layer of the ANG. Western blot analysis indicated that TF is a soluble glycoprotein. Immunohistochemical staining also showed that TF is localized in the outer epithelial cell layer of the ANG and that it is mainly expressed in the outer layer during ANG growth. These results suggest that robust Tf mRNA and TF protein expression in the outer layer of the ANG plays an important role in microbe selection by the host during bacterial transmission.

scholarly journals Infection of Select Pinaceae and Cupressaceae Seedlings to Phytophthora pinifolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Widmer ◽  
Stephen C. Dodge
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Monterey Pine

Phytophthora pinifolia caused a devastating disease on Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) in Chile. This pathogen has not been reported in the United States, but there is concern should it arrive. There is little information regarding other hosts besides Monterey pine that may be susceptible to this pathogen. In the present study, other potential hosts within the Pinaceae and Cupressaceae were inoculated with zoospores of P. pinifolia and observed for symptoms and infection after 4 weeks. Similar to Monterey pine, knobcone (Pinus attenuata), bishop (P. muricata), and ponderosa (P. ponderosa) pines were highly infectious, whereas several important species such as loblolly pine (P. taeda) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) showed no infection. P. pinifolia was also not recovered from slash (Pinus elliottii) and eastern white (P. strobus) pines. This study is important because it demonstrates other economically important tree hosts are at risk by P. pinifolia, should it enter the United States.

scholarly journals Rhizobia associated with neotropical tree Centrolobium tomentosum used in riparian restoration

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 498-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Pagano
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Mixed Inoculum ◽  
Neotropical Tree ◽  
Molecular Relationships

<I>Centrolobium tomentosum</I> is a tropical legume tree indicated for functional and structural restoration of riparian areas. This study was conducted to characterize the rhizobia isolated from nodules of <I>C. tomentosum in situ</I> and to determine their capacity of renodulation, in an experimental area of land rehabilitation in the Rio Doce valley. Nodulation potential to inoculation with 2 selected fast-growing <I>Rhizobium</I> strains separately and a mixed inoculum of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was evaluated by the use of antibiotics resistance. Flood disturbance were observed not to affect renodulation by fast-growing strains. DNA fingerprinting RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) profiles were used to examine molecular relationships among field isolates, inoculants and reference strains. Maximal renodulation was exhibited by strain BHCBAb1 after 24 months after transplantation. <I>Centrolobium tomentosum</I> forms symbiosis with fast- and slow-growing <I>Rhizobium</I> strains, and it is suggested that their nursery culture could be improved by inoculation of selected strain under low nitrogen-input conditions.

The resistance of Pinus radiata to infection by Macrophoma pinea

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Marks ◽  
G Minko
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Mechanical Barrier ◽  
New Entry

The resistance of wounds made on Pinus radiata to infection by Macrophoma pinea was examined experimentally in the greenhouse and field. A study was made of the anatomy of the epidermal tissues of the leader and stem, of injuries of different ages, and of the recovery stages after inoculation. There were many structural similarities between bark and wound periderm. Both provided mechanical barriers to infection by M. pinea. Wound periderm began to form 3-9 days after injury, and the mechanical barriers appeared after about 18 days. Wounds became resistant to infection after about 3-9 days, which suggests that this resistance was associated with biochemical changes in the uninjured cells lining the wound rather than with the appearance of the mechanical barrier. Superficial injuries occluded rapidly. Wounds on fast-growing trees, however, healed slowly when the cambium was injured; the rapid growth of the xylem continually lifted the callus that was formed over the injury, providing new entry points for M. pinea. This may explain the greater incidence of malformations on very productive sites.

Ethyl acrylate conjugated polystyryl-diphenylphosphine — An extremely efficient catalyst for Henry reaction under solvent-free conditions (SolFC)

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalthazuala Rokhum ◽  
Ghanashyam Bez
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Solid Support ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Stoichiometric Ratio ◽  
Henry Reaction ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Polymer Supported

Over the last few decades, the fast-growing development of polymer supported reagents has led to the synthesis of a variety of reagents on solid support. Some of the major advantages of using such reagents are that they are less hygroscopic, easy to recover, and can be recycled. Here, we have demonstrated that in situ generated ethyl acrylate conjugated polystyryl-diphenylphosphine (PDPP–EA) derived from the reaction of a mixture of polystyryl-diphenylphosphine and ethyl acrylate in a stoichiometric ratio can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of β-nitroalcohols from the reaction of aldehydes and nitroalkanes under solvent-free conditions (SolFC).

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