scholarly journals Interactions Between Oestradiol 3,17ß and Progesterone on the Induction and Growth of Deciduomata in Ovariectomized Mice

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
KW Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Peanut Oil ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Before And After

The hormonal control of uterine sensitivity in progesterone-treated, ovariectomized mice was investigated by stimulating the deciduoma reaction by various means. Uterine sensitivity reached a peak on day 5 of progesterone treatment and then declined. Oestradiol before and after stimulation significantly increased the weight of the deciduomata induced by crushing, bradykinin, and compound 48/80 and increased uterine sensitivity so that intraluminal peanut oil could induce deciduomata. A single injection of 0�024 fJ-g of oestradiol 8 hr before intraluminal peanut oil also greatly increased uterine receptivity to oil. The dose of oestradiol and the time of injection of oestradiol and progesterone were critical parameters. Surprisingly, the hormonal requirements for uterine sensitivity to intraluminal peanut oil are more stringent than for transferred blastocysts.

EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY ON REPRODUCTION IN THE MOUSE

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
BARBARA M. WHITE ◽  
A. A. GIDLEY-BAIRD ◽  
C. W. EMMENS
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Sesame Seed ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Prednisolone Acetate ◽  
Methyl Prednisolone ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sesame Seed Oil ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Desoxycorticosterone Acetate

Survival of mice treated with sesame seed oil after adrenalectomy was very low and suggested no beneficial effect, whereas treatment with progesterone improved the chances of survival. Treatment with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and methyl prednisolone acetate also increased the number of animals surviving after adrenalectomy. The corticosteroids were significantly more effective in ensuring survival than was progesterone. There was no significant difference in survival between mice receiving a single injection of 10 mg DOCA and those being given an injection of 1·0 mg DOCA per day for 3 days after the operation. To ensure minimum interference of exogenous corticosteroid with the experimental investigation, animals routinely received only a single injection of 1·0 mg DOCA after the operation. The chance of survival after adrenalectomy was higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant mice. There was a significant linear increase in survival during the first 5 days of pregnancy. Progesterone and prolactin both appeared to be involved in increasing the chance of survival in adrenalectomized pregnant mice. Adrenalectomy had no effect on the number of mice mating and ovulating. Adrenalectomized mice were apparently having normal cycles and 4 weeks after adrenalectomy they were able to mate and ovulate. Compensatory ovulation was seen in hemi-ovariectomized mice and was not abolished by adrenalectomy. Implantation was also unaffected by the operation.

scholarly journals The Alterations of Endometrial and Myometrial Receptivity in Early Pregnant Gilts in Response to Estrus Induction With PMSG/hCG

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szymanska ◽  
Agnieszka Blitek
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Uterine Receptivity ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Junction Protein

Abstract Background: The hormonal control of ovulation has become a standard procedure in the swine industry. However, exogenous gonadotropins can be detrimental to reproductive function, affecting follicle development, corpus luteum formation, and embryo development and survival. Much less is known about uterine receptivity in gilts with induced estrus. Therefore, our objective was to determine the effect of estrus induction with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the expression of steroid, prostaglandin, cytokine, and oxytocin receptors, as well as nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG), and gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1), in the endometrium and myometrium of early pregnant gilts. Twenty prepubertal gilts received 750 IU PMSG and 500 IU hCG 72 h later, while eighteen prepubertal gilts in the control group were observed daily for estrus behavior. All gilts were inseminated in their first estrus and slaughtered on days 10, 12, and 15 of pregnancy to collect uterine tissues for mRNA expression analyses using real-time PCR.Results: Estrus induction did not affect progesterone receptor expression in either uterine tissue. In the endometrium, greater mRNA expression of estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2), androgen receptor (AR), prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptors (PTGER2 and PTGER4), PGF2α receptor (PTGFR), interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), tumor necrosis factor α receptors (TNFRSF1A and TNFRSF1B), and oxytocin receptor (OXTR) was detected in the control than in the PMSG/hCG-treated gilts (P < 0.05). In the myometrium, concentrations of AR, PTGER2, PTGFR, and NFKB1 transcripts were lower, while PGI2 receptor and PPARG transcripts were elevated in gilts with gonadotropin-induced estrus as compared with naturally ovulated gilts (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the administration of PMSG/hCG resulted in the greater expression of GJA1 mRNA in both the endometrium and myometrium of day 15 pregnant gilts (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Estrus induction with PMSG/hCG in prepubertal gilts may affect steroid, prostaglandin, cytokine, and oxytocin receptor expression in the endometrium and myometrium, thereby altering uterine receptivity to local or systemic factors. This may, in turn, contribute to disorders in embryo-maternal interactions and the process of implantation.

The hormonal control and morphology of blastocyst invasion in the mouse uterus in vitro

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
P. S. Grant ◽  
I. Ljungkvist ◽  
O. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Chemically Defined Media ◽  
Fibrillar Material ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Stromal Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Effect

When mature and immature uteri from ovariectomized mice were cultured in chemically defined media, blastocyst invasion occurred in the presence of progesterone but not in media containing only oestradiol. The invaded stromal tissue did not decidualize unless the uteri were taken from mice pretreated with progesterone and oestradiol. Fibrillar material was, however, concentrated in the stromal tissue adjacent to the invasive trophoblast. Neither progesterone nor oestradiol, had any ultrastructural effect on the endometrium of cultured uteri from ovariectomized mice, other than closure of uterine lumina in the presence of progesterone. Embryogenesis became abnormal, probably owing to the failure of formation of a suitable implantation chamber.

RESTORATION BY OESTRADIOL BENZOATE OF A NEURAL AND HORMONAL RHYTHM IN THE OVARIECTOMIZED RAT

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. BURNET ◽  
P. C. B. MACKINNON
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Initial Injection ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
The Brain

SUMMARY The rate of [35S]methionine incorporation into protein in discrete cerebral areas was measured before and after the administration of oestradiol benzoate (OB) to chronically ovariectomized rats. The circadian rhythm of incorporation which is normally seen in the intact cyclic female rat was deleted by ovariectomy. A daily rhythm of incorporation reappeared, however, in all the brain areas studied 30 h after a single injection of OB (20 μg), and was still present 12 days later. The release of luteinizing hormone (LH) after administration of 20 μg OB was measured in chronically ovariectomized animals and was found to be biphasic. High levels of LH after ovariectomy were initially reduced by negative feedback, but this phase was followed 52 h later by a facilitation of LH release between 15.00 and 18.00 h. The facilitation of LH release at this time of day was still detectable 12 days after the initial injection. The evidence for a functional link between the rhythm of neural activity which is reflected by [35S]methionine incorporation, and the ability to 'time' the facilitation of LH release is discussed.

Effect of a single injection of prolactin on the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and corticosterone and liver monodeiodinase in the domestic fowl before and after hatching

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Decuypere ◽  
E. R. Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chicken Serum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ovine Prolactin ◽  
Corticosterone Release

ABSTRACT The influence of an intravenous injection of ovine prolactin on the liver monodeiodinase activity and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and corticosterone was studied in Hisex embryos and chicks after hatching. An injection of 1 and 10 μg ovine prolactin into 18-day-old chick embryos increased serum concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3) five-and eightfold respectively after 2 h. At the same time serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and reverse T3 (rT3) were decreased in the chick embryo, but only with 10 μg prolactin. This was accompanied by a doubling of the liver monodeiodinase activity. Serum concentrations of corticosterone, however, were not influenced by the prolactin injections. In the 5-day-old chicken, serum concentrations of T3, rT3, T4 and liver T4-5′-monodeiodinase activity were not influenced by 1 or 10 μg prolactin. Serum concentrations of corticosterone after injection of 1 or 10 μg prolactin were doubled compared with controls. These results are compatible with a prolactin-induced shift from a T4-5-monodeiodination into a T4-5′-monodeiodination in the liver at the end of incubation. This effect, however, is not mediated through a prolactin-induced corticosterone release. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 363–366

scholarly journals Performance Response Tests on a New MFR Relay for AC Microgrids

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. A. Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Rule ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Online Test ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
Online Tests ◽  
Signal Sources

This paper presents the results of offline and online performance tests on a new multivariable fuzzy rule-based (MFR) relay for ac microgrids. The relay is based on measurement of four critical parameters (P, Q, V and I) and fuzzy logic implementation of rules framed on the basis of these parameters. The online test was performed by connecting the relay to a utility-microgrid testbed. The offline test was performed by simulating High, Normal and Low states of the critical parameters using proper combination of digital signal sources to implement short circuits (SCs) in SIMPOWERSystems®. In both offline and online tests, the faults simulated are standard SCs in the utility and microgrid. The results of both offline and online tests are similar, and show that the MFR relay outputs logic 1 during SC faults. The relay also outputs logic 0 before and after the SC faults for both offline and online tests.

scholarly journals Progesterone modulates endothelium-dependent coronary vascular reactivity in SHR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Tacon da Costa ◽  
Leticia Tinoco Gonçalves ◽  
Jéssyca Aparecida Soares Giesen ◽  
Roger Lyrio dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Coronary Circulation ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Coronary Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Coronary Vasodilation ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Before And After

Although progesterone has the ability to promote dilation of vascular smooth muscle, its role in coronary circulation is still poorly characterized, especially in essential hypertension and in a model of endogenous deficiency of ovarian hormones. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of progesterone treatment on endothelium-dependent coronary vascular reactivity in hypertensive (SHR) and ovariectomized rats. Adult SHR aged 8 to 10 weeks were divided into: SHAM, Ovariectomized (OVX) and Ovariectomized + treatment with 2 mg/kg/day of progesterone for 15 days (OVX-P4). Coronary vascular reactivity was investigated using modified Langendorff method. After stabilization, baseline coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was recorded and vascular reactivity to bradykinin (BK, 0.1-1000 ng) assessed before and after infusion, either individually or in combination, with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indomethacin or clotrimazole. Scanning electron microscopy was used for qualitative analysis of the endothelium. OVX and OVX-P4 groups had a higher baseline CPP compared to that of the SHAM group. BK was able to promote vasodilation in all groups. However, relaxation to BK was less pronounced in the OVX group when compared to SHAM, with architecture loss and areas of cell atrophy having been observed. Progesterone treatment prevented this injury. Perfusion with L-NAME induced greater damage to the SHAM group, while the use of indomethacin led to a significant reduction in the vasodilator response to BK in the OVX-P4 group. Taken together, our results show that progesterone modulates endothelium-dependent coronary vasodilation in SHR ovariectomized, preventing damage caused by ovarian hormonal deficiency through a mechanism that involves prostanoid pathway.

scholarly journals Influence of Aging Derivatives on Properties of Natural Ester Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2597-2600 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Furanic Compounds ◽  
Paper Insulation ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Natural Ester

Transformers are the critical component in the power system, which is used for transmission and distribution purposes. Traditionally mineral oil has been used as the liquid insulation medium in the transformer. Owing to poor bio - degradability and availability, it has been widely studied to replace mineral oil with natural ester oil. During the service period of the transformer, oil insulation and paper insulation gets degraded due to aging. This aging results in the formation of furanic compounds in the oil insulation, which will affect the performance of oil insulation and thus the transformer life. In this proposed work, an effort is made to analyze the critical parameters before and after the inclusion of an aging derivative of 2–furfuraldehyde (2-FAL). 2-FAL has been added in the proportion of 20 ppm to investigate the oil’s properties such as breakdown voltage, viscosity, flash point, fire point, and peak absorbance of the UV spectrum. It is observed that there is a lesser impact on the properties with the addition of 20ppm of 2-FAL. Hence it is suggested that the various concentration of 2-FAL may be added to check the quality of oil for further applications.

scholarly journals High-Sensitivity Chemiluminescence Immunoassays for Detection of Growth Hormone Doping in Sports

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bidlingmaier ◽  
Jennifer Suhr ◽  
Andrea Ernst ◽  
Zida Wu ◽  
Alexandra Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Preferential Recognition

Abstract Background: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is abused in sports, but adequate routine doping tests are lacking. Analysis of serum hGH isoform composition has been shown to be effective in detecting rhGH doping. We developed and validated selective immunoassays for isoform analysis with potential utility for screening and confirmation in doping tests. Methods: Monoclonal antibodies with preference for pituitary hGH (phGH) or rhGH were used to establish 2 pairs of sandwich-type chemiluminescence assays with differential recognition of rhGH (recA and recB) and phGH (pitA and pitB). We analyzed specimens from volunteers before and after administration of rhGH and calculated ratios between the respective rec- and pit-assay results. Results: Functional sensitivities were &lt;0.05 μg/L, with intra- and interassay imprecision ≤8.4% and ≤13.7%, respectively. In 2 independent cohorts of healthy subjects, rec/pit ratios (median range) were 0.84 (0.09–1.32)/0.81 (0.27–1.21) (recA/pitA) and 0.68 (0.08–1.20)/0.80 (0.25–1.36) (recB/pitB), with no sex difference. In 20 recreational athletes, ratios (median SD) increased after a single injection of rhGH, reaching 350% (73%) (recA/pitA) and 400% (93%) (recB/pitB) of baseline ratios. At a moderate dose (0.033 mg/kg), mean recA/pitA and recB/pitB ratios remained significantly increased for 18 h (men) and 26 h (women). After high-dose rhGH (0.083 mg/kg), mean rec/pit ratios remained increased for 32 h (recA/pitA) and 34 h (recB/pitB) in men and were still increased after 36 h in women. Conclusions: Using sensitive chemiluminescence assays with preferential recognition of phGH or rhGH, detection of a single injection of rhGH was possible for up to 36 h.

An Experimental Study of Coefficient of Discharge for Consistent Hole Perforating and the Effect on Limited Entry Designs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Thiessen ◽  
Oliver Han ◽  
Ramadan Ahmed ◽  
Rida Elgaddafi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Unknown Variable ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Limited Entry ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Coefficient Of Discharge ◽  
The Given

ABSTRACT In hydraulic fracturing, determining the perforation pressure loss is a critical step in the design strategy, on-site troubleshooting diagnostics and post-fracture analysis. Historically, the most widely assumed and thus unknown components in the perforation friction equationare the coefficient of discharge and the holistic perforation diameter. The perforation coefficient of discharge has long been assumed as a dynamic variable dependent on the amount of fluid and proppant pumped through the perforations. This variable becomes increasingly important when clusters are spaced closer together and fewer perforations are shot such as in a limited entry design. Limited entry is a perforating technique used to generate uniform fractures along the wellbore by creating appropriate pressure differentials from cluster to cluster. With the adoption of consistent hole perforating shaped charges, the perforating diameters are more consistent and predictable. While not all consistent hole shaped charges have low diameter variability, the perforating diameters downhole are no longer an unknown, particularly after the introduction of downhole cameras. Therefore, the coefficient of discharge is the only unknown variable remaining. This paper presents an experimental methodology to accurately define the true coefficient of discharge in common completions perforated by a known consistent hole shaped charge. The test setup is illustrated, detailed test steps are discussed, and experimental data with correlations of rate per perforation and discharge coefficient is presented. Completions tested included 4-1/2", 5", and 5-1/2" casings in common weights and grades. Various perforating strategies were examined such as single shot and angled shot. Critical parameters such as entry hole diameters were made by the actual shaped charges and measured before and after the test. Freshwater and slickwater were used as hydraulic fluid and circulated at real-world pump rates through each perforation to simulate the actual field flow conditions. Based on the study, several correlations for the coefficient of discharge of flow through a perforation are created considering casing thickness, entry hole diameter and rate per perforation for the given consistent hole shaped charges. These correlations can improve perforation and fracturing designs where perforation friction are important variables.

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