scholarly journals Ethylene Production by Slices of Green Banana Fruit and Potato Tuber Tissue During The Development of Induced Respiration

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
WB Mcglasson
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Tuber Tissue ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Green Banana

It is well known that injury and infection by disease organisms may stimulate ethylene production by plant tissues (Williamson 1950; Burg 1962; McGlasson and Pratt 1964). The increased ethylene production which results from injury in fruit tissues may hasten the onset of a respiratory climacteric. This response, which has been observed in slices cut from three-quarter-grown cantaloupe fruit, may herald the commencement of physiological changes leading to natural ripening (McGlasson and Pratt 1964). However, in underground storage tissues, stimulated ethylene production may be concerned with the mechanisms of wound healing (Stahmann, Clare, and Woodbury 1966; Imaseki, Uchiyama, and Uritani 1968). The phenomenon of induced respiration in tissue slices of bulky underground storage organs has been known for many years (Laties 1967) and more recently it has been found to occur in sections or slices of other plant parts (ap Rees 1966). Palmer and McGlasson (1969) observed a similar rise in slices of green banana fruit which they considered to be a form of "induced" respiration.

scholarly journals Metabolic Studies with Banana Fruit Slices II. Effects of Inhibitors on Respiration, Ethylene Production, and Ripening

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
WB Mcglasson ◽  
JK Palmer ◽  
M Vendrell ◽  
CJ Brady
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Metabolic Studies ◽  
Potential Inhibitors ◽  
Green Banana

Transverse slices of green banana fruit were vacuum� infiltrated with aqueous solutions of 24 potential inhibitors of protein synthesis, respiration, or ethylene production. The effects of these compounds were examined in the absence or presence of 10 p.p.m. ethylene. Of the compounds which produced marked effects mono� fiuoroacetate, 4�hydroxy�2�oxoglutarate (HKG), KCN, and cycloheximide were examined in more detail.

scholarly journals Evidence for the Widespread Occurrence of Induced Respiration in Slices of Plant Tissues

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Aprees
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thin Slices ◽  
Storage Organs

Thin slices of a wide range of plant tissues developed increased rates of respiration when incubated in aerated distilled water at 26�0 for 24 hr. The increased respiration of slices of the flesh of pumpkin (Oucurbita pepo L.) fruit and celery (Apium graveolens L.) petiole was shown to resemble the induced respimtion of slices of underground storage organs. The increase in respiration rate was largely prevented in pumpkin and celery slices when they were incubated at 2�0, or in the absence of oxygen, or in chloramphenicol, or in 5-fluorouracil. In the same tissues the increased respiration was shown to be accompanied by marked increases in the rates of uptake and oxidation of exogenous glucose and by a lowering of the initial 0 6/01 ratios.

An overview on therapeutic potential of Iris Persica

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiq H. S. Hussain ◽  
Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin ◽  
Dinesh kumar Patel ◽  
Omji Porwal
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
The Family ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Radical Generation ◽  
Perennial Herbs

: The family Iridaceae contains 92 genera and more than 1800 species, mostly perennial herbs with underground storage organs called rhizomes (bulbs). Some genera are important in traditional medicines, especially Iris and Gladiolus. The genus Iris belongs to this family and comprises about hundreds species among them, 12 species are found in Iraq. It has been widely used various medicines worldwide especially Iris persica is used in folk medicine in the Kurdistan region of Iraq as an effective treatment against tumours, antibacterial, antifungal and treating inflammation. Earlier finding confirmed that Iris persica and its constituents play role in the scavenging of free radical generation and prevention of disease pathogenesis. Each part of the Iris persica herb has some medicinal property. This review gives a eagle eye view mainly on the biological activities of the Iris persica and some of their compounds isolated, pharmacological actions of the Iris persica extracts and products, and plausible medicinal and therapeutically applications.

Consumption of cultivated subterranean plant organs by chimpanzees in a human-dominated landscape

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Maureen S. McCarthy ◽  
Jack D. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dietary Flexibility ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Western Uganda

Abstract Although chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are ripe fruit specialists, they sometimes consume other plant parts including subterranean organs like roots and tubers. Such plant parts, which include underground storage organs (USOs), have been found to play a key role in the diets of some chimpanzee populations as well as, potentially, our hominin ancestors. We report the confirmed consumption of subterranean plant organs of three species — sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas), yams (Dioscorea alata) and peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), as well as unconfirmed consumption of cassava (Manihot esculenta) — by chimpanzees in a human-dominated landscape in western Uganda. These observations point toward the dietary flexibility of chimpanzees inhabiting anthropogenic landscapes, though mechanisms of novel food acquisition, particularly for subterranean fruits and tubers, are not well understood. Dietary flexibility may help chimpanzees survive as natural forest resources disappear, but simultaneously may bring them into greater conflict with their human neighbours, thereby further imperilling them.

Geographic expansion of banana Blood disease in Southeast Asia

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Denise Ray ◽  
Siti Subandiyah ◽  
Vivian A Rincon-Florez ◽  
Ady B Prakoso ◽  
Wayan I Mudita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Blood Disease ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Banana Variety ◽  
Green Banana

Blood disease in bananas caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis is a bacterial wilt causing significant crop losses in Indonesia and Malaysia. Disease symptoms include wilting of the plant and red brown vascular staining, internal rot, and discoloration of green banana fruit. There is no known varietal resistance to this disease in the Musa genus, although variation in susceptibility has been observed, with the popular Indonesian cooking banana variety Kepok being highly susceptible. This study established the current geographic distribution of Blood disease in Indonesia and confirmed the pathogenicity of isolates by Koch's Postulates. The long-distance distribution of the disease followed an arbitrary pattern indicative of human-assisted movement of infected banana materials. In contrast, local or short distance spread radiated from a single infection source, indicative of dispersal by insects and possibly contaminated tools, water or soil. The rapid expansion of its geographical range makes Blood disease an emerging threat to banana production in Southeast Asia and beyond.

scholarly journals Temporal Relationship between Ester Biosynthesis and Ripening Events in Bananas

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sastry Jayanty ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Nicole M. Rubinstein ◽  
Andrés Chong ◽  
Randolph M. Beaudry
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Coa Transferase ◽  
Ester Biosynthesis ◽  
Natural Ester

The temporal relationship between changes in ethylene production, respiration, skin color, chlorophyll fluorescence, volatile ester biosynthesis, and expression of ACC oxidase (ACO) and alcohol acyl-CoA transferase (AAT) in ripening banana (Musa L. spp., AAA group, Cavendish subgroup. `Valery') fruit was investigated at 22 °C. Ethylene production rose to a peak a few hours after the onset of its logarithmic phase; the peak in production coincided with maximal ACO expression. The respiratory rise began as ethylene production increased, reaching its maximum ≈30 to 40 hours after ethylene production had peaked. Green skin coloration and photochemical efficiency, as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, declined simultaneously after the peak in ethylene biosynthesis. Natural ester biosynthesis began 40 to 50 hours after the peak in ethylene biosynthesis, reaching maximal levels 3 to 4 days later. While AAT expression was detected throughout, the maximum level of expression was detected at the onset of natural ester biosynthesis. The synthesis of unsaturated esters began 100 hours after the peak in ethylene and increased with time, suggesting the lipoxygenase pathway be a source of ester substrates late in ripening. Incorporation of exogenously supplied ester precursors (1-butanol, butyric acid, and 3-methyl-1-butanol) in the vapor phase into esters was maturity-dependent. The pattern of induced esters and expression data for AAT suggested that banana fruit have the capacity to synthesize esters over 100 hours before the onset of natural ester biosynthesis. We hypothesize the primary limiting factor in ester biosynthesis before natural production is precursor availability, but, as ester biosynthesis is engaged, the activity of alcohol acyl-CoA transferase the enzyme responsible for ester biosynthesis, exerts a major influence.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Ethylene Production in Banana Fruit Tissue by Ethylene Treatment

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vendrell ◽  
WB Mcglasson
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Fruit Tissue ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

A temporary ethylene treatment, sufficient to stimulate ripening in banana fruit tissue, partly suppresses endogenous ethylene production and the evolution of ethylene from methionine. The production of endogenous ethylene does not return to rates normal for naturally ripening fruit after the exogenous ethylene is removed. The extent of inhibition is related to the concentration of applied ethylene up to 5-10 p.p.m., and to the duration of treatment within the period 12 hI' to 3 days. Other characteristics of ripening appear to develop normally, except in the shorter treatments, where respiration shows a lower climacteric peak and chlorophyll breakdown is delayed.

Potentialities of plants with underground storage organs in the Egyptian desert flora

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. El-Ghonemy ◽  
A. Wallace ◽  
E. M. Romney ◽  
S. Dowaidar ◽  
A. El-Gazzar
Keyword(s):  
Underground Storage ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Egyptian Desert ◽  
Desert Flora

scholarly journals Ethylene Production and Enzyme Induction in Excised Plant Tissues

1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Engelsma ◽  
J. M. H. van Bruggen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Induction ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Plant Tissues
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