scholarly journals Proportional Reduction in Shoot Growth of Grapevines With Root Systems Maintained at Constant Relative Volumes By Repeated Pruning

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Buttrose ◽  
MG Mullins
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Proportional Reduction

Grapevines were established in water culture and shoot length and leaf number were measured after imposing four levels of root-pruning treatment. These levels (control, and 75, 50, and 25% of the control root volume) were maintained for 8 weeks by making weekly checks followed by appropriate pruning. Shoot dry weights were also measured in some plants at fortnightly intervals.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE OF MECHANICAL ROOT PRUNING OR HEDGING IN AN INTENSIVE ORCHARD

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1122c-1122
Author(s):  
David C. Ferree
Keyword(s):  
Unit Volume ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Annual Summer

In 1981, four apple cultivars were established as a low trellis hedgerow on M.9 or free-standing central leaders on M.7 at the recommended or half the recommended spacing with the close planted trees either root pruned annually at bloom or hedged in August. Planting at half the spacing and annual summer hedging 2 sides decreased TCA 25% and canopy volume 51% with no effect on shoot growth, while annual root pruning decreased TCA 34%, canopy volume 50% and shoot length 25%. Planting at half spacing and either hedging or root pruning reduced yields per tree. Efficiency as measured by yield TCA was decreased by hedging and as measured by yield/m3 canopy volume was increased by both treatments with hedging having the greatest effect. The cumulative yield/ha was increased by both hedging and root pruning with no difference between them. Fruit size was decreased by close planting and root pruning caused a greater decrease than hedging. Close planting increased the number of spurs and shoots and LAI per unit volume of canopy with no difference between hedging or root pruning. `Empire' outproduced `Smoothee' and `Delicious' on the trellis and `Lawspur' had higher yields than any other cultivar in the central leader.

Shoot growth from the bud bank in black oak

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brayton F. Wilson ◽  
Matthew J. Kelty
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Bud Bank ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Stem Segments

The bud bank in black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) trees is composed of four bud types, with the first three occurring on current shoots: (i) large buds in terminal clusters; (ii) large intercluster buds; (iii) small leafless buds; and (iv) preventitious buds on older shoots. Leafless buds may grow and preventitious buds may form epicormic shoots after injuries to large buds. We applied clipping treatments to small trees growing in either shade or light to test for crown recovery of leaf number, leaf area, leaf weight, shoot number, and total shoot length. Removing the terminal bud cluster almost doubled the proportion of intercluster buds that produced shoots and did not affect crown parameters, compared with control trees. Removing all large buds increased epicormic shoot production, but did not affect crown parameters. Removing current shoots reduced only leaf area and leaf number in the shade. The more extreme clipping treatments released primarily 2-year-old preventitious buds, but only a few older buds. Buds of all ages could be forced on isolated stem segments. Mortality of buds from the 1st to 2nd year was more than 90% for buds with leaves and about 50% for leafless buds.

Effect of coppicing on root system morphology and its significance for subsequent shoot regeneration of birches

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1870-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri Paukkonen ◽  
Anneli Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Positive Effect

The growth of the root system after stem cutting and the effects of the root system and its size on the regeneration of stem are poorly known. These aspects were here investigated in 8-year-old silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and common white birch (B. pubescens Ehrh.) growing in the field. One eighth of the root systems of birches of both sprout and seed origins were excavated for morphometric analysis. Seven years after the first cutting, fresh mass, length, and diameter of the roots of sprout-origin B. pendula were smaller than those of seed-origin ones. After the cutting of the experimental season, the root system did not develop new structural root tips. When both root pruning and stem cutting were performed, stumps sprouted well by July, but the number of sprouts decreased clearly by August. The positive effect of stem cutting on sprouting disappears in a few years in these species. As the size of the root system does not clearly influence the growth of sprouts, the competition of root systems of adjacent trees does not restrict the shoot growth of birch plants at least in planted birches up to about 10 years of age.

Lateral Root Pruning of Sitka Spruce and Western Hemlock Seedlings

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Eis ◽  
J. R. Long
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sitka Spruce ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Root Pruning

Roots of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla) seedlings were side pruned in nursery beds at semimonthly intervals to produce dense and compact root systems. Root pruning early in the growing season stimulated the growth of existing roots and also initiated new roots. The densest root systems were produced by pruning before the end of June. However, because of the short length of lateral roots on seedlings early in their second growing season, pruning equidistant between rows 18 cm apart was ineffective. The best compromise appeared to be to prune spruce at the beginning of July, and hemlock around the middle of July. Earlier pruning equidistant between rows can be effective on larger seedlings during their third growing season. If early pruning is carried out on 2 + 0 seedlings, a pruning distance of about 6 cm from the row is recommended.

Long-shoot bud development, shoot growth, and foliage production in provenances of lodgepole pine

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1421-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor O'Reilly ◽  
John N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Shoot Bud ◽  
Long Shoots

Long-shoot bud development, shoot growth, and foliage production were studied in seven provenances of Pinuscontorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia Engelm. from the major sites in British Columbia and one Yukon source growing in a provenance trial at Prince George, B.C. Branch terminal apical mitotic activity began in early March and continued until late September. Initiation of axillary buds began in May, about 2 weeks after the initiation of the subtending cataphyll. Differentiation of dwarf shoots began in early July to mid-August and continued until late October in some sources. Distal axillary buds had not always differentiated by late October in the southern sources. The duration of the period of apical growth and apical size during activity were related to final cataphyll numbers. Provenances with the widest, flattest, dormant apices produced the most cataphylls. The two northern provenances had more terminal sterile cataphylls but fewer sterile cataphylls lower in the long-shoot bud and shorter mean stem unit lengths than the others. Differences among provenances in shoot length were due mostly to variation in stem unit numbers. The large proportion of polycyclic long shoots in some provenances contributed to variation in dwarf shoot numbers.

scholarly journals Effect of the Amount of Dormant Pruning on Growth and Water Use of Containerized Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia × Fauriei ‘Tuscarora’)

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Jayne M. Zajicek ◽  
Susan L. Steinberg ◽  
M.J. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Final Harvest

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the effects of different dormant pruning treatments on subsequent plant development and water use of crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia × Fauriei Koehne ‘Tuscarora’) transplanted into containers. Dormant, bare-root plants were pruned to the normal practice of a 30% reduction of existing shoot length by heading back and thinning of weak branches. Plants were randomly assigned to 3 pruning treatments including: 1) control—no further pruning, 2) shoot pruned—an additional 50% reduction of remaining shoot length for a total of 65% reduction in shoot length, or 3) a 50% reduction of root area in addition to the 30% reduction in shoot length. Fifty percent (50%) root pruning severely reduced earliness of bud-break and plant survival when compared to either the control or the 65% shoot pruning treatments. Earliest bud-break and highest plant survival were rated for plants in the 65% shoot pruned treatment. Plants in the 50% root pruned treatment had a significantly higher number of terminal shoots, but average shoot lengths were significantly shorter when compared to plants in the 65% shoot pruned treatment. At final harvest there were no significant differences in mean dry weights and leaf area, total shoot length, or average water use between treatments. However, a large plant to plant variation in growth and water use due to the pruning treatments was observed. Plants in the 50% root pruned treatment were less uniform in size and water use as compared to control plants or 65% shoot pruned plants which exhibited the greatest uniformity.

scholarly journals Cutless Controls Shoot Growth of ‘China Girl’ Holly

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
G.J. Keever ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
D.J. Eakes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Container Production

Abstract Ilex x meserveae ‘China Girl’ plants were sprayed with a single application of different rates of Cutless (flurprimidol) during container production. Growth index, shoot length and shoot dry weight decreased with increasing rates of Cutless. Growth index of plants treated with 500 ppm Cutless was about 17% less than that of control plants 120 days after treatment, but were similar after the spring flush the following year. Growth inhibition persisted for at least two growing seasons when plants were treated with rates of 1500 to 2500 ppm; foliage of these plants was smaller and more cupped than that of control plants. Treated plants were noticeably more compact and uniform, and foliage was darker green than that of control plants.

scholarly journals Shoot-foliage relationships in deciduous, semideciduous, and evergreen cerrado tree species

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Souza ◽  
Carlos Henrique B. A. Prado ◽  
Ana Lúcia S. Albino ◽  
Maria A. Damascos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Long Shoots

The morphology and the biomass allocation in shoots and leaves were investigated in 15 cerrado tree species with distinct leaf phenology growing under natural conditions. Higher values of leaf/shoot ratio on mass base, individual leaf area, leaf area per shoot, leaf display index, and leaf number per shoot length were found in deciduous than in evergreen species. The differences about shoot-foliage relationship across leaf phenological groups could be explained by plagiotropic shoots on deciduous and by erect shoots in semideciduous and evergreen species. Plagiotropic shoots allow similar irradiance along shoots and high biomass allocation in favor of leaves without foliage self-shading in deciduous tree species. The structural differentiation between short and long shoots was indicated by an exponential relationship between leaf display index and shoot length in all deciduous, in three semideciduous, and in two evergreen species. Therefore, especially in deciduous, the short shoots had higher leaf area per unit of length than the long shoots. The differentiation between short and long shoots depends on the shoot length in deciduous because of the leaf number on shoot is predetermined in buds. Contrastingly, the leaf neo-formation in semideciduous and in evergreen tree species keeps the shoot-leaf relationship per shoot length more constant, because of the foliage being produced according to the shoot growth during the year. In conclusion, the foliage persistence, the shoot inclination, the type of leaf production and the resources allocation between autotrophic and heterotrophic vegetative canopy parts are interdependent in cerrado tree species across different leaf phenological groups.

scholarly journals Plantlets Regeneration from Crown Bud Slicing of Pineapple (Ananas comosus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain ◽  
Neliyati Neliyati ◽  
Eliyanti Eliyanti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Pineapple propagation by lateral shoots, suckers or crowns is often confronted with limited number of regenerated seedlings and high diversity in flowering and fruit formation. In order to solve this problem, this study offer an alternative method by using tissue culture techniques. This study aimed to determine the effect of growth regulators on plantlet regeneration from bud slicing of pineapple cv. Tangkit. Four levels of 2.4-D (0.0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 ppm) in combination with BA (0.0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 ppm) were tested on solid MS medium. Cultures were incubated in total darkness for a week followed by transfer to 16-hour photoperiod. Results showed that explants treated with 2,4-D and/or BA succeeded in regenerating adventitious shoots. Average leaf number did not differ significantly among treatments (P = 0.60). Highest leaf number (2.99 ± 0.23) was obtained on medium with 0.01 ppm 2,4-D without BA, followed by 0.1 ppm 2,4-D without BA (2.85 ± 0.33). Meanwhile, roots were only formed on medium with 0.1 ppm 2.4-D without BA (4.2 ± 0.37 per shoot). Thus, complete plantlets were regenerated only on medium supplemented with 0.1 ppm 2,4-D without BA. The growth of plantlets was relatively uniform, and plantlet acclimatization succeeded 100% on Jiffy pots. The finding of optimum concentration of 2.4-D and BA in this study is important to develop standard protocol for in vitro propagation of pineapple cv. Tangkit. Thus, the benefit of producing seeds in large quantities and relatively uniform in growth is made possible through tissue culture technique.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document