scholarly journals Leaf Growth and Development in the Young Tobacco Plant

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rae V Hannam
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Tobacco Plant ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Vegetative Shoot ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Weight Data

The growth of the vegetative shoot of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., and the associated changes in dry weight of the whole plant and its major parts are described. By means of serial reconstruction, the volume changes of successive young leaf primordia are followed, and this information is integrated with the dry weight data for older leaves.

Effect of Root-zone Temperature on Strawberry Growth and Development

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 460b-460
Author(s):  
Melita Marion Biela ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
William R. Graves ◽  
Harry T. Horner
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Weight Analysis ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Zone Temperature

Root-zone temperature (RZT) effects were studied to determine physiological changes on whole-plant and microscopic levels of strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) growth and development. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in 1997 with `Tristar' day-neutral strawberry using a randomized complete-block design with three RZT treatments (23, 29, and 35 °C) and four replications. The total number of flowers was less in plants subjected to 35 °C. Total weight of fruit yield was highest at 29 °C and least at 23 °C, due possibly to later fruit development. Fresh weight was highest in plants grown at 23 and 29 °C. Dry weight analysis showed that root and leaf growth were inhibited at 35 °C. Throughout the duration of the experiment, transpiration rates were lower in plants subjected to 35 °C. In general, plants grown under RZT of 29 °C had more optimal vegetative and reproductive growth than those grown under 23 and 35 °C.

Development of yield in two grain-sorghum hybrids. I. Dry weight and carbon-14 studies

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Chamberlin ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Data

Growth and development of two grain-sorghum hybrids (De Kalb E57 and Texas 610) were examined under glasshouse conditions by sequential harvesting and the use of I4C. The grain yield per plant of Texas 610 was higher than that of E57, with higher total biological yield and similar harvest indices. The contribution to grain weight at maturity, of carbon assimilated prior to anthesis, was about 10% for each hybrid. The leaves were the main source of this material. After anthesis, dry weight data indicated that temporary storage of assimilates before retranslocation to the grain was of greater importance in Texas 610 than E57. This storage was largely in the leaves (including sheaths), upper internodes, and roots. A high grain-growth rate was maintained for longer by Texas 610 than by E57. Total dry weight production after anthesis in both hybrids was, at all stages examined, more than sufficient to maintain grain growth.

Effects of night temperature on the growth of Nicotiana tabacum

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Hipkinson
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L

Four varieties of flue-cured tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum L., showed similar responses to night temperatures of 10�, 16�, 22�, and 28�C, with a day temperature of 27�C. Leaf growth rates and leaf production rates were approximately the same at night temperatures of 28� and 22�C, and were successively lower at 16� and 10�C. Dry weight accumulation was greatest at 22�. The node number of flower initiation increased with increasing night temperature over the whole range. There was no evidence of either a shift in the night temperature optimum or a physiological adaptation to low temperature during development.

Effects of kinetin on the growth and development of barley and its interaction with root size

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ruckenbauer ◽  
E. J. M. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Cytokinin Synthesis ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
Root Size

SummaryIn some plants the roots have been shown to be major sites of cytokinin production. The part they play in controlling growth and development of cereals was studied by spraying barley with kinetin solution and by changing the size of the root system. Two varieties of barley were grown in culture solution and kinetin was applied and root sexcised at the second-, third- or fifth-leaf stage. The kinetin in aqueous solution was sprayed on the leaves, and either most of the root-tips, or an equivalent weight of entire root strands, were removed. Kinetin increased both shoot apex development and the final ear size. The weights of the main shoot and the whole plant also wore increased, particularly by the later treatments. Removing entire root strands decreased the whole plant dry weight more than removing most of the root apices, but the main shoot weight was less affected. Kinetin interacted with root removal, though neither the interaction nor the main effect of root removal showed unequivocally that cereal roots are the site of cytokinin synthesis, possibly because new root tips were regenerated.

scholarly journals Developing Functional Relationships between Soil Waterlogging and Corn Shoot and Root Growth and Development

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2095
Author(s):  
Charles Hunt Walne ◽  
K. Raja Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Soil Waterlogging ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Corn Plants

Short- and long-term waterlogging conditions impact crop growth and development, preventing crops from reaching their true genetic potential. Two experiments were conducted using a pot-culture facility to better understand soil waterlogging impacts on corn growth and development. Two corn hybrids were grown in 2017 and 2018 under ambient sunlight and temperature conditions. Waterlogging durations of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 days were imposed at the V2 growth stage. Morphological (growth and development) and pigment estimation data were collected 15 days after treatments were imposed, 23 days after sowing. As waterlogging was imposed, soil oxygen rapidly decreased until reaching zero in about 8–10 days; upon the termination of the treatments, the oxygen levels recovered to the level of the 0 days treatment within 2 days. Whole-plant dry weight declined as the waterlogging duration increased, and after 2 days of waterlogging, a 44% and 27% decline was observed in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Leaf area and root volume showed an exponential decay similar to the leaf and root dry weight. Leaf number and plant height were the least sensitive measured parameters and decreased linearly in both experiments. Root forks were the most sensitive parameter after 14 days of waterlogging in both experiments, declining by 83% and 80% in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The data from this study improve our understanding of how corn plants react to increasing durations of waterlogging. In addition, the functional relationships generated from this study could enhance current corn simulation models for field applications.

Genetics and Inheritance of Nontarget-Site Resistances to Atrazine and Mesotrione in a Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Population from Illinois

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janel Huffman ◽  
Nicholas E. Hausman ◽  
Aaron G. Hager ◽  
Dean E. Riechers ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistant Parent ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Herbicide Metabolism ◽  
Amaranthus Tuberculatus ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Weight Data

A waterhemp population (McLean County resistant, MCR) from McLean County, Illinois is resistant to both mesotrione and atrazine by elevated rates of herbicide metabolism. Research was conducted to investigate the inheritance of these resistance traits. Resistant and sensitive plants were crossed to obtain reciprocal F1populations, which were then used to create pseudo-F2and backcross (to sensitive parent; BCS) populations. The various populations were evaluated with whole-plant herbicide efficacy studies in a greenhouse. The responses of the F1populations to both mesotrione and atrazine were intermediate when compared with parental populations. In the case of atrazine, BCSand F2populations segregated 1 : 1 and 1 : 3, respectively, for susceptibility (S) : resistance (R), at a dose that controlled the sensitive parent but not the F1or resistant parent. For mesotrione, variability was observed within the F1populations, suggesting that mesotrione resistance is multigenic and the resistant parents used in the cross were not homozygous at the resistance loci. Furthermore, at low mesotrione doses, more F2plants survived than expected on the basis of a single-gene trait, whereas at high doses, fewer F2plants survived than expected. Dry weight data confirmed the conclusions obtained from survival data. Specifically, atrazine responses segregated into two discrete classes (R and S) in both the F2and BCSpopulations, whereas mesotrione responses showed continuous distributions of phenotypes in F2and BCSpopulations. We conclude that metabolism-based atrazine resistance in MCR is conferred by a single major gene, whereas inheritance of mesotrione resistance in this population is complex.

Growth and Development in NaCl-Treated Plants. II. Do Na+ or Cl- Concentrations in Dividing or Expanding Tissues Determine Growth in Barley?

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Munns ◽  
PA Gardner ◽  
ML Tonnet ◽  
HM Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Floral Apex ◽  
Dividing Cells

Plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Clipper) were grown in solutions containing 0, 100 or 175 mol m-3 NaCl from leaf 3 emergence until anthesis. Na+ and Cl- concentrations in various growing tissues of the shoot were measured concurrently with increases in dry weight. The tissues on which the study focused were the basal 30 mm of leaves 4 and 7 (mainly expanding cells), and the primordial stage of leaf 7 and the floral apex (mainly dividing cells). Although leaf growth was reduced by the higher NaCl treatments, apex growth was initially increased. Na+ and Cl- concentrations were high in the expanding tissues (150 mol m-3), but there was no consistent relation between the concentrations and the growth rate. Na+ and particularly Cl- concentrations were much lower in the dividing tissues, and again did not correlate with the rate of development of the tissue, or the final size of the organ. These data strongly indicate that the growth of the shoot is not directly controlled by local concentrations of Na+ or Cl- of the growing tissues, but by some influence originating elsewhere in the plant.

Response of Poinsettia Growth and Development to Ratio of Radiant to Thermal Energy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 508e-508
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Daily Light Integral ◽  
Highly Correlated

A concept of ratio of radiant to thermal energy (RRT) has been developed to deal with the interactive effect of light and temperature on plant growth and development. This study further confirms that RRT is a useful parameter for plant growth, development, and quality control. Based on greenhouse experiments conducted with 27 treatment combinations of temperature, light, and plant spacing, a model for poinsettia plant growth and development was constructed using the computer program STELLA II. Results from the model simulation with different levels of daily light integral, temperature, and plant spacing showed that the RRT significantly affects leaf unfolding rate when RRT is lower than 0.025 mol/degree-day per plant. Plant dry weight is highly correlated with RRT; it increases linearly as RRT increases.

scholarly journals Potential of Pre-Harvest Wastes of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Crops, Grown for Smoke Products, as Source of Bioactive Compounds (Phenols and Flavonoids)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2087
Author(s):  
Maria Isabella Sifola ◽  
Linda Carrino ◽  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Luisa del Piano ◽  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Diammonium Salt ◽  
Q Exactive ◽  
Tobacco Cultivation ◽  
Folin Assay ◽  
Final Harvest

Tobacco cultivation is characterized by high amounts of waste biomasses whose disposal frequently represents a complex and expensive problem. A study was conducted to evaluate thepotential of pre-harvest light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco waste biomasses as a source of bioactive compounds (nutraceutical ingredients) such as polyphenols. Pre-harvest waste materials (topping fresh materials and residual stalks at final harvest) were collected to determine dry matter, total polyphenols content (TPC; Folin assay), and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-60-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) antioxidant capacity. Polyphenols quali-quantitative profiles obtained by Orbitrap Q Exactive of both tobacco types were also determined. Total pre-harvest waste biomass amounted to 3956.9 and 1304.4 kg d.w. ha−1 in light air-cured (Burley) and dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco types, respectively. Polyphenols content, expressed as g kg−1 dry weight (d.w.), ranged between 4.6 and 15.7 g kg−1 d.w. and was generally greater in leaves than in stalks. Considering both leaves and stalks, the light air-cured (Burley) tobacco crop yielded 22.1 kg ha−1 of polyphenols, while the dark fire-cured (Kentucky) tobacco yielded 12.0 kg ha−1. DPPH and ABTS were significantly greater in leaves than in stalks waste biomass in both types of tobacco. The most abundant components were quinic and chlorogenic acids, rutin, and luteolin rutinoside.

The growth and development of the leaf in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). I. The plastochron index, a suitable basis for description

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 2421-2428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren K. Coleman ◽  
Richard I. Greyson
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
Plastochron Index

Growth analysis indicates that the plastochron index (PI) is consistently applicable for describing the morphological status of the vegetative tomato shoot in quantitative terms, and pronounced seasonal variability in the growth habit is minimized. However, the PI is not applicable to tomato shoots after flower buds are produced at the vegetative apex. True leaf no. 3 goes through four growth stages which can be characterized in terms of the leaf plastochron index (LPI3). A basipetal trend in leaf growth and development is evident.

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