scholarly journals Phospholipid and Cholesterol Content of Epididymal and Jaculated Ram Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma in Elation to Cold Shock

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Quinn ◽  
IG White
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Content

The concentration of total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and choline plasmalogen in spermatozoa from the caput epididymis of the ram was higher than in spermatozoa from the cauda. The phospholipid composition of spermatozoa from the latter region of the epididymis more closely resembled ejaculated spermatozoa.

Effect of fetal exposure to gentamicin on phosphate transport in young rat kidney

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (6) ◽  
pp. F807-F812
Author(s):  
M. Lelievre-Pegorier ◽  
S. Euzet ◽  
C. Merlet-Benichou
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Total Phospholipid ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Total Phospholipid Content

The renal phosphate (Pi)-transporting capacity normally increases, due to increased carrier system affinity, during the third postnatal week in rats. However, the tubular Pi reabsorption of rat pups born from gentamicin-treated mothers does not increase during this period. This study determines whether exposure to gentamicin in utero selectively alters the postnatal maturation of the carrier affinity for Pi. Pi and glucose transports by proximal tubule brush-border membrane (BBM) were studied. The maximal rate of uptake (Vmax) of Na-Pi cotransport was significantly lower (536 +/- 169 pmol.mg protein-1.10 s-1; n = 6, P < 0.01) in gentamicin-exposed rats than in controls (1,021 +/- 167 pmol.mg protein-1.10 s-1, n = 6), whereas the Michaelis constant (Km) values were the same. Gentamicin exposure had no effect on plasma parathyroid hormone concentration or on BBM glucose transport activity. The total phospholipid content of BBM, their phospholipid composition, cholesterol content, and cholesterol-to-total phospholipid mole ratio were unaltered, suggesting that membrane fluidity was unchanged. The Vmax of BBM alkaline phosphatase was lower in gentamicin-exposed rats than in controls.

scholarly journals Seminal Plasma Proteins Revert the Cold-Shock Damage on Ram Sperm Membrane1

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1531-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Barrios ◽  
Rosaura Pérez-Pé ◽  
Margarita Gallego ◽  
Agustín Tato ◽  
Jesús Osada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Seminal Plasma Proteins ◽  
Ram Sperm

scholarly journals Variability of cholesterol accessibility in human red blood cells measured using a bacterial cholesterol-binding toxin

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima S Chakrabarti ◽  
Sally A Ingham ◽  
Julia Kozlitina ◽  
Austin Gay ◽  
Jonathan C Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Bacterial Toxin ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Binding

Cholesterol partitions into accessible and sequestered pools in cell membranes. Here, we describe a new assay using fluorescently-tagged anthrolysin O, a cholesterol-binding bacterial toxin, to measure accessible cholesterol in human red blood cells (RBCs). Accessible cholesterol levels were stable within individuals, but varied >10 fold among individuals. Significant variation was observed among ethnic groups (Blacks>Hispanics>Whites). Variation in accessibility of RBC cholesterol was unrelated to the cholesterol content of RBCs or plasma, but was associated with the phospholipid composition of the RBC membranes and with plasma triglyceride levels. Pronase treatment of RBCs only modestly altered cholesterol accessibility. Individuals on hemodialysis, who have an unexplained increase in atherosclerotic risk, had significantly higher RBC cholesterol accessibility. Our data indicate that RBC accessible cholesterol is a stable phenotype with significant inter-individual variability. Factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to the RBC contribute to variation in its accessibility. This assay provides a new tool to assess cholesterol homeostasis among tissues in humans.

THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF SPERMATOZOA TO TEMPERATURE SHOCK

1959 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. WALES ◽  
I. G. WHITE
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Temperature Shock

SUMMARY The susceptibility of bull, ram, rabbit, dog, human and fowl spermatozoa to cold shock and high temperatures has been assessed. Motility and differential staining were used as criteria. Ram and bull spermatozoa were increasingly affected by cold shock at temperatures below 15° C; other spermatozoa were, however, little affected. Epididymal ram spermatozoa, particularly those with an attached kinoplasmic droplet, were more resistant than ejaculated ones; the addition of seminal plasma had little effect. Second ejaculates from bulls were slightly more resistant than first ejaculates. Washing bull or fowl spermatozoa free of seminal plasma did not influence their susceptibility to cold shock. Five min at 50° C severely depressed the motility of all spermatozoa except those of the fowl which were, however, completely immobilized at 55° C. Most spermatozoa took up stain more readily when mixed with it at high temperatures than when brought back to room temperature and then mixed; this is due to an increase in the toxicity of the stain at high temperatures.

93 CALCIUM REMOVAL INCREASES THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF β-CYCLODEXTRIN PLUS CHOLESTEROL ON PORCINE SPERM DURING COLD SHOCK

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Galantino-Homer ◽  
W. Zeng ◽  
S. Megee ◽  
M. Modelski ◽  
I. Dobrinski
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Membrane Cholesterol ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Sperm Capacitation ◽  
Protein Tyrosine

Porcine sperm are extremely sensitive to the damaging effects of cold shock and cryopreservation. Cholesterol-binding molecules, such as 2-hydroxypropyl-�-cyclodextrin (HBCD), improve post-thaw and post-cooling porcine sperm viability when added to an egg yolk-based extender, but also enhance sperm capacitation in other species. Depending upon the environmental cholesterol content, HBCD can act either as a cholesterol shuttle or sink to increase or decrease, respectively, sperm plasma membrane cholesterol content. Increasing the sperm cholesterol to phospholipid ratio reduces cold shock sensitivity whereas decreasing the ratio initiates the process of sperm capacitation. An increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation correlates with sperm capacitation and has been shown to be dependent upon the presence of extracellular calcium. Sperm intracellular calcium also increases during cold shock. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of extracellular calcium and membrane cholesterol manipulation on porcine sperm viability and protein tyrosine phosphorylation following cold shock (10�C for 10 min). Viability was assessed using CFDA/propidium iodide staining. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation, previously shown to correlate with porcine sperm capacitation, was evaluated via antiphosphotyrosine (clone 4G10) immunoblots. We report here that following cold shock, porcine sperm incubated in defined medium containing both 0.8 mM HBCD and 0.5 mM cholesterol 3-sulfate (ChS) incubated in the absence of added extracellular calcium and the presence of 6 mM EGTA have significantly improved viability (90.5 � 6.3%, n = 3) when compared with cold-shocked sperm incubated in either the same medium with calcium (46.1 � 3.8%), without HBCD or ChS (26.5 � 7.4% with calcium; 46.5 � 13.1% without calcium), or with HBCD alone (17.0 � 7.4% with calcium, 36.8 � 7.5% without calcium). As we have found previously, treatment with 0.8 mM HBCD plus 0.5 mM ChS completely inhibited the increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by the cold shock treatment. Although protein tyrosine phosphorylation correlates with porcine sperm capacitation, the ability of cold shock treatment to induce the same phosphorylation pattern indicates that other processes or pathways may contribute to its appearance. Removing extracellular calcium consistently decreased, but did not completely eliminate, the protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by cold shock. These results indicate that cold shock-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation is not dependent upon, but can be modulated by, extracellular calcium. The combined effects of calcium, HBCD and ChS on viability suggest that porcine sperm viability following cold shock is best maintained by removing extracellular calcium and increasing membrane cholesterol content via the cholesterol shuttle activity of HBCD. This work was supported by grants from PA Dept. Ag. (ME 443291) and the NIH (5-K08-HD041430).

A note on the lipids of Balanus balanus spermatozoa

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Barnes ◽  
R. M. C. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Organic Constituents ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Data are presented on the lipid composition of Balanus balanus spermatozoa.Lecithin is the major lipid and little plasmalogen is present.The results are discussed in relation to what is known of other spermatozoa, both vertebrate and invertebrate.Some data on the inorganic and organic constituents of Balanus balanus seminal plasma have been given by Barnes (1962 a, 1963); lipids were shown to be present in the plasma and are a well-known constituent of the spermatozoa of other animals (Mann, 1964). In view of the relatively small amount of data on the detailed phospholipid composition of invertebrate spermatozoa the opportunity was taken during the investigation reported in the previous paper (Dawson & Barnes, 1966) to examine the spermatozoa of Balanus balanus. The results are, however, best presented and discussed separately. The results are given in Table 1.

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