scholarly journals Ammonium Nutrition and Flowering of Apple Trees

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 761 ◽  
Author(s):  
VO Grasmanis ◽  
GW Leeper
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Preceding Season ◽  
Ammonium Nutrition

Jonathan apple trees were grown in culture solution with nitrogen supplied either as nitrate, as ammonium, or in both forms. In all cases ammonium led to earlier flowering and to a much higher proportion of flowers among the total buds; but when ammonium was supplied throughout the season alone or as ammonium nitrate, vegetative growth was less than with nitrate alone. When the trees were given only nitrate during the preceding season, except for an interval of 2 months (December-January) in which ammonium nitrate was supplied, the merits of both ions were combined; the growth was not reduced and the total number of flowers in the succeeding spring was three times as great as with nitrate alone.

scholarly journals Post-bloom and preharvest treatment of ‘Braeburn’ apple trees with prohexadione-calcium and GA4+7 affects vegetative growth and postharvest incidence of calcium-related physiological disorders and decay in the fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 108919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandro V.T. do Amarante ◽  
João Paulo G. Silveira ◽  
Cristiano A. Steffens ◽  
Sergio T. de Freitas ◽  
Elizabeth J. Mitcham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Physiological Disorders ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

scholarly journals Cattle Horn Shavings: A Possible Nitrogen Source for Apple Trees

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Juozas Lanauskas ◽  
Nobertas Uselis ◽  
Loreta Buskienė ◽  
Romas Mažeika ◽  
Gediminas Staugaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen Content ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Orchard Soil

The circular economy concept promotes the recycling of agricultural waste. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of cattle horn shavings on apple tree nitrogen nutrition. Ligol apple trees on P 60 rootstock were the object of the study. The experiment was conducted in the experimental orchard of the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, from 2015 to 2018. Two fertiliser rates were tested: 50 and 100 kg/ha N. Horn shavings (14.1% N) were applied at the end of autumn or at the beginning of vegetation in the spring and in one treatment 100 kg/ha N rate was divided into two equal parts and applied both in autumn and spring. The effects of the horn shavings were compared with the effects of ammonium nitrate (34.4% N) and the unfertilised treatment. The lowest mineral nitrogen content was found in the unfertilised orchard soil and the soil fertilised with horn shavings in the spring at 50 kg/ha N equivalent. In all other cases, the fertilisers increased the soil’s mineral nitrogen content. The lowest leaf nitrogen content was found in apple trees that grew in the unfertilised orchard soil or soil fertilised in the spring with 50 kg/ha N of horn shavings (1.58–2.13%). In other cases, leaf nitrogen content was higher (1.77–2.17%). The apple trees with the lowest leaf nitrogen content produced the smallest average yield (34.5–36.6 t/ha). The highest yield was recorded from fruit trees fertilised with 50 kg/ha N of ammonium nitrate applied in spring or horn shavings applied in autumn (42.4 and 41.4 t/ha, respectively). The influence of horn shavings on the other studied parameters was similar to that of ammonium nitrate. Horn shavings, like nitrogen fertiliser, could facilitate nitrogen nutrition management in apple trees, especially in organic orchards, where the use of synthetic fertilisers is prohibited.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prohexadione-calcium on Fruit Set and Chemical Thinning of Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium ◽  
Treated Apple

Prohexadione-calcium (ProCa) has emerged as one of the most important management tools that an orchardist has available to control vegetative growth and to reduce the incidence and severity of fire blight. It has also been implicated in increased fruit set on treated apple trees. This investigation was initiated to confirm the effects of ProCa on fruit set and to evaluate different thinning strategies that might be used to appropriately thin treated trees. ProCa increased fruit set when applied at petal fall at initial rates of 125 or 250 mg·L−1 in three of the four experiments described in this article. Thinners were applied before, at the time of, and after application of ProCa. In all experiments, chemical thinners did not reduce fruit set to the same crop load level on ProCa-treated trees as they did on untreated trees. It was concluded that a different and more aggressive chemical thinning strategy must be used on trees that were treated with ProCa. Fruit size was reduced on ProCa-treated trees. This reduction was usually, but not always, related to increased fruit set. ProCa increased the number of pygmy fruit on ‘Delicious’ apple trees.

scholarly journals Impact of Repeated Yearly Applications of Prohexadione-Calcium On Vegetative and Reproductive Growth of ‘Golden Delicious’/M.9 Apple Trees

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nilgün Atay ◽  
Fatma Koyuncu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Abstract Growth retardants have great potential to balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. To assess the effects of prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca, Regalis) on reproductive and vegetative growth, return bloom, fruit set, and also fruit quality in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple grafted on M.9 rootstock, an experiment was performed during 2010-2012. The applications of 125 mg dm-3 Pro-Ca on the same trees in each year resulted in a 40-43% shoot length reducing. Internodes length decreased with Pro-Ca at about 30%, while total node number was unaffected. Results indicate that Pro-Ca applications have no effects on tree trunk growth, flowering, yield, fruit set and development. Pro-Ca also didn’t have any negative impact on fruit quality during the three consecutive years. Moreover, Pro-Ca resulted in higher fruit size compared to control in the third year of trial. The results of this experiment clearly suggest that fruit growers can use Pro- Ca for the control of vegetative growth without having any negative effects on fruit quality and yield parameters. Once a full canopy has been achieved, annual shoot growth can be suppressed in the range of 20 to 30 cm with 125 mg dm-3 Pro-Ca treatment in ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees.

scholarly journals Response of Micropropagated Apple Trees to Field Establishment Procedures

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Terminal Shoot

Growth, flowering, and fruiting of micropropagated `Jonathan' apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.) transferred in Spring 1983 to the field from either a nursery, cold storage, or greenhouse were compared. First-year shoot and trunk growth was greatest for trees transplanted from the nursery and least for trees that were held in the greenhouse before being transferred to the field. Trees pruned low (35 cm) at planting time had more terminal shoot growth and less trunk cross-sectional area after the first growing season than those pruned high (90 cm). The effect of preplanting cultural practices on vegetative growth diminished in the 2nd year and disappeared by the end of the 3rd year in the orchard. Flowering began in 1985 and was only slightly affected by preplanting cultural practices and pruning treatments. Fruiting was not affected by the treatments.

scholarly journals Vegetative Growth, Productivity, and Fruit Quality in Tall Spindle of 'Fuji'/M.9 Apple Trees

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Jin Yang ◽  
Dong-Hoon Sagong ◽  
Tae-Myung Yoon ◽  
Yang-Yik Song ◽  
Moo-Yong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Apple Trees

scholarly journals Effects of Soil pH and Fertilizers on Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) Vegetative Growth

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Catherine Tremblay ◽  
Annie Deslauriers ◽  
Jean Lafond ◽  
Julie Lajeunesse ◽  
Maxime Paré
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Lonicera Caerulea ◽  
Baseline Knowledge ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Haskap (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a new northern latitude fruit crop that is increasing in popularity. This sudden enthusiasm for haskap increases the need for obtaining baseline knowledge related to establishing it as a crop, such as its optimal soil pH and fertilizer needs. In a greenhouse, one-year-old haskap plants (cultivar: Indigo Treat©) were grown in a local loamy sand. We assessed the impact of pH and fertilizer on haskap vegetative growth through an experiment involving four soil pH and five fertilization treatments of three N sources (ammonium, nitrate, and organic (chicken manure)). Leaf senescence as well as above-ground and root biomass were recorded after 19 weeks of vegetative growth. For cultivar Indigo Treat©, optimal vegetative growth was observed under slightly acidic soil conditions (pHCaCl2 5.5–6 or pHwater 5.9–6.5) without application of N. Phosphorus and K fertilizers did not influence vegetative growth. We here discuss the implications for establishing haskap orchards.

Managing Vegetative Growth of Apples with Prohexadione Calcium can Influence Mid-season Spray Coverage

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 451f-452
Author(s):  
J.R. Evans ◽  
J.A. Balles ◽  
L.H. Bennett ◽  
B.A. Brinkman ◽  
A.H. Harrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Air Blast ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

Prohexadione calcium (BAS 125W or Apogee™) is a plant growth regulator being developed to control vegetative growth in apples. Prohexadione calcium acts within a plant by blocking the biosynthesis of growth-active gibberellin. The result is decreased cell elongation; thus, reduced shoot length. Applications of prohexadione calcium beginning when the apple trees have 2 to 15 cm of new shoot growth significantly reduce seasonal vegetative growth. Mid-season measurements of air blast spray coverage using water-sensitive cards show that trees previously treated with prohexadione calcium have greater spray coverage within the tree canopy than untreated trees. Hence, more efficient crop protection can be expected in apple trees treated with prohexadione calcium.

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