scholarly journals Wood Tannins - Isolation and Significance in Host Resistance to Verticillium Wilt Disease

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
TC Somers ◽  
AF Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Fivefold Increase ◽  
Verticillium Albo Atrum

Apricot trees often recover from the "black heart" disease incited by the fungus Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold, and a characteristic of such resistant trees is that the infected wood becomes dark brown to black in colour (Dufrenoy and Dufrenoy 1927). The fungus dies 1-6 months after it has colonized the wood (Taylor 1963). Analysis of total phenolics by the Folin-Denis assay showed an approximate fivefold increase (to about 60 mgjg wood) compared with that of uninfected wood of the same branch, and suggested their involvement in disease resistance mechanisms.

Vascular coating: a barrier to colonization by the pathogen in Verticillium wilt of tomato

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Robb ◽  
D. A. Powell ◽  
P. F. S. Street
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Trapping Site ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Ve Gene ◽  
Verticillium Albo Atrum

Massive infusion of conidia of Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthier induced synchronous secretion of vascular coating in the petiolar xylem vessels of resistant and susceptible tomato near-isolines. More coating formed earlier in resistant than in susceptible plants. In the susceptible plants secretion was delayed in colonized trapping site vessels, but initiated in surrounding uncolonized ones. Controls were infused with water. Samples were quantified by light microscope assay techniques at 18, 48, and 120 h postinoculation for the following parameters: (i) delayed coating effect, (ii) overall coating capacity, and (iii) ability of fungus to "escape" laterally from trapping site vessels. The results showed that susceptibility to Verticillium was absolutely correlated with the presence of the delayed coating effect in the plant and increased ability of the fungus to spread laterally. Treatment of inoculated resistant plants with an inhibitor of coating secretion resulted in conversion to the susceptible phenotype. The progeny of a genetic backcross for the dominant (Ve) and recessive (ve) alleles at the Ve locus (Velve × velve) were assayed for the same parameters as well as for disease resistance based on symptom expression. The results confirmed the previous observations and suggested that in tomato the delayed phenotype is recessive. The data strongly supports two hypotheses: (i) coating forms a barrier against fungal penetration and (ii) the timing of the coating response in trapping site vessels results, directly or indirectly, from expression of the Ve gene.

Herbicide-induced resistance of cotton to Verticillium wilt disease and activation of host cells to produce the phytoalexin gossypol

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1440-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Awadalla ◽  
I. M. El-Refai
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Cotton Seeds ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Verticillium Albo Atrum

Pretreating cotton seeds with selected herbicide markedly increased cotton resistance to vascular wilt caused by Verticillium albo-atrum. The present investigation studied the mechanism of resistance to V. albo-atrum induced by some herbicides in susceptible cotton plants. The three herbicides tested repressed mycelial growth. Prometryn and dalapon caused a marked reduction in the appearance of Verticillium wilt disease and were the most effective in controlling the disease. Phytoalexin (gossypol) production was greatly increased in herbicide-treated inoculated cotton plants. The level of gossypol was higher in the root than stem. Maximum production of gossypol was achieved in cotton plants treated with the herbicides prometryn and dalapon and inoculated with fungal spores but it was not present in uninoculated control plants. Key words: cotton, Verticillium albo-atrum, herbicides, phytoalexin, disease resistance.

scholarly journals Strategies of host resistance to pathogens in spatially structured populations: An agent-based evaluation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Boëte ◽  
Morgan Seston ◽  
Mathieu Legros
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Spatially Structured Populations ◽  
Spatial Lattice

AbstractThere is growing theoretical evidence that spatial structure can affect the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of host-parasite interactions. Locally restricted interactions have been shown in particular to affect host resistance and tolerance. In this study we investigate the evolution of several types of host disease resistance strategies, alone or in combination, in spatially structured populations. We construct a spatially explicit, individual-based stochastic model where hosts and parasites interact with each other in a spatial lattice, and interactions are restricted to a given neighbourhood of varying size. We investigate several host resistance strategies, including constitutive (expressed in all resistant hosts), induced (expressed only upon infection), and combinations thereof. We show that the specific resistance mechanism against a pathogen as well as the size of the neighbourhood both affect resistance spread and parasite dynamics, an effect modulated by the level of the cost of resistance. Our results shed new light on the dynamics of disease resistance in a spatially-structured host-pathogen system, and illustrate the conditions in which a variety of resistance mechanisms can be maintained, including when they are costly. Overall these results advance our theoretical understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of disease resistance, a necessary step to elaborate more efficient and sustainable strategies for disease management.

The colonization ratio: a measure of pathogen invasiveness and host resistance in Verticillium wilt of alfalfa

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Newcombe ◽  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
Jane Robb ◽  
B. R. Christie
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Symptom Evaluation ◽  
Spore Trapping ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Trapping Sites

Seeds of four alfalfa cultivars were grown and the plants cloned by rooting cuttings. Individual plants were root-dip inoculated with Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke and Berthold, and scored for relative pathogen resistance by symptom evaluation and reisolation of the fungus during a 7-month period. Nine individual plants were selected: two were resistant to colonization and symptom expression, two remained colonized but were resistant to symptom expression, and five were susceptible. Disease-free cuttings of each selected plant were infused with a mixture of conidia and red vinyl particles which mark primary spore trapping sites. At 168-h postinoculation the colonization ratio was determined for each sample. The colonization ratio is a reliable quantitative measure of invasiveness which is calculated by scoring a section of tissue for the number of secondary colonization sites established per primary trapping site in a given unit of time. The colonization ratio values of the nine selected plants were correlated with the level of disease resistance as determined by two methods: (i) symptom evaluation and pathogen resiolation, and (ii) genetic S1 analysis. The colonization ratio, a new measure of fungal invasiveness and host resistance, might be useful in the breeding and assessment of alfalfa cultivars with resistance to Verticillium wilt.

scholarly journals Dynamic characteristics and functional analysis provide new insights into long non-coding RNA responsive to Verticillium dahliae infection in Gossypium hirsutum

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoning Wang ◽  
Xingfen Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Zhikun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Abstract Background Verticillium wilt is a widespread and destructive disease, which causes serious loss of cotton yield and quality. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in many biological processes, such as plant disease resistance response, through a variety of regulatory mechanisms, but their possible roles in cotton against Verticillium dahliae infection remain largely unclear. Results Here, we measured the transcriptome of resistant G. hirsutum following infection by V. dahliae and 4277 differentially expressed lncRNAs (delncRNAs) were identified. Localization and abundance analysis revealed that delncRNAs were biased distribution on chromosomes. We explored the dynamic characteristics of disease resistance related lncRNAs in chromosome distribution, induced expression profiles, biological function, and these lncRNAs were divided into three categories according to their induced expression profiles. For the delncRNAs, 687 cis-acting pairs and 14,600 trans-acting pairs of lncRNA-mRNA were identified, which indicated that trans-acting was the main way of Verticillium wilt resistance-associated lncRNAs regulating target mRNAs in cotton. Analyzing the regulation pattern of delncRNAs revealed that cis-acting and trans-acting lncRNAs had different ways to influence target genes. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the regulatory function of delncRNAs participated significantly in stimulus response process, kinase activity and plasma membrane components. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that delncRNAs participated in some important disease resistance pathways, such as plant-pathogen interaction, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction. Additionally, 21 delncRNAs and 10 target genes were identified as being involved in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism associated with the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA). Subsequently, we found that GhlncLOX3 might regulate resistance to V. dahliae through modulating the expression of GhLOX3 implicated in JA biosynthesis. Further functional analysis showed that GhlncLOX3-silenced seedlings displayed a reduced resistance to V. dahliae, with down-regulated expression of GhLOX3 and decreased content of JA. Conclusion This study shows the dynamic characteristics of delncRNAs in multiaspect, and suggests that GhlncLOX3-GhLOX3-JA network participates in response to V. dahliae invasion. Our results provide novel insights for genetic improvement of Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton using lncRNAs.

scholarly journals Paper-containing 1-methylcyclopropene treatment suppresses fruit decay of fresh Anxi persimmons by enhancing disease resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzhen Zeng ◽  
Lili Shi ◽  
Hetong Lin ◽  
Yuzhao Lin ◽  
Yixiong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Postharvest Treatment ◽  
Cent Relative Humidity ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Fruit Disease

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential application of papers containing 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) postharvest treatment for suppressing fruit decay of fresh Anxi persimmons and its possible mechanism. Materials and methods Anxi persimmon fruit were treated with papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35 μL/L and stored at 25 ± 1 °C and 85 per cent relative humidity for 35 days. During storage, the fruit decay rate and lignin content were evaluated, and the content of total phenolics, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), chitinase (CHI), and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) were determined by spectrophotometry. Results The 1-MCP–treated persimmons displayed a lower fruit decay rate, but higher contents of lignin and total phenolics, higher activities of PAL, PPO, POD, CHI, and GLU. Conclusions The treatment with 1-MCP could inhibit the fruit decay of postharvest Anxi persimmons, which might be because 1-MCP enhanced fruit disease resistance by increasing the activities of disease resistance-associated enzymes and retaining higher contents of disease resistance-related substances in postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons. These findings indicate that papers containing 1-MCP at the dosage of 1.35 μL/L have potential application in suppressing fruit decay and extending storage life of postharvest fresh Anxi persimmons.

RESISTANCE TO VERTICILLIUM WILT IN F1 GENERATIONS OF SELF-FERTILIZED SPECIES OF FRAGARIA

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Newton ◽  
M. C. J. van Adrichem
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis

The F1 generation of selfed plants of Fragaria chiloensis, F. ovalis, and F. yukonensis contained seedlings resistant to the verticillium wilt disease. Selfed F. orientalis plants yielded seedlings that carried considerable tolerance but selfed F. vesca, F. bracteata, and F. virginiana plants yielded neither tolerant nor resistant seedlings. Asexually propagated plants of the seven species were all susceptible to the disease.

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