scholarly journals The Nature and Genetic Control of a Red Anthocyanin Pigment in the Root Meristems of Phalaris

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Mowllliam JR Mowllliam
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Anthocyanin Pigment ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Root Meristems

A red anthocyanin pigment which occurs in the root meristems of certain PhalariB species has been identified as a glycoside of pelargonidin. The pigment has been observed only in plants of the three polyploid species P. minor, P. tuberosa, and P. arundinacea, and is absent in the diploid members of the genus. Genetic studies indicate that the character is simply inherited, involving a single major dominant gene controlling the production of the pigment, and a series of modifier genes influencing the level of its expression. In P. minor, a self.pollinating annual, the gene is widespread and homozygous, but in P. tuberosa and P. arundinacea, both cross-pollinating perennials, it occurs at low frequency largely as the hetero-zygote, and is restricted to certain areas within the range of the distribution of these species. The origin of the gene in Phalaris, and its possible adaptive significance is discussed. Also its value as a single gene marker in breeding studies is indicated.

THE GENETIC CONTROL OF SUNFLOWER SEED ACID PHOSPHATASE

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Torres ◽  
Ulrike Diedenhofen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genetic Studies

Genetic studies indicate that the acid phosphatase isozymes in seeds of the annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus) are specified by a single gene, Acp, having at least four codominant alleles, S, B, I and F. The enzyme is presumably dimeric. The polypeptide subunits in heterozygotes form an intragenic heterodimer in addition to two homodimers. Acp is not linked to either of the genes coding for seed alcohol dehydrogenase, Adh-1 and Adh-2, and these are not linked to each other. Acp therefore provides a molecular marker for a third sunflower linkage group. The estimated molecular weight of the intact, functional enzyme is about 95,000 daltons.

scholarly journals Cosegregation of Single Genes Associated with Fertility Restoration and Transcript Processing of Sorghum Mitochondrial orf107 and urf209

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang V Tang ◽  
Ruying Chang ◽  
Daryl R Pring
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Transcript Processing ◽  
Backcross Populations

Abstract Defective nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions leading to aberrant microgametogenesis in sorghum carrying the IS1112C male-sterile cytoplasm occur very late in pollen maturation. Amelioration of this condition, the restoration of pollen viability, involves a novel two-gene gametophytic system, wherein genes designated Rf3 and Rf4 are required for viability of individual gametes. Rf3 is tightly linked to, or represents, a single gene that regulates a transcript processing activity that cleaves transcriptsof orf107, a chimeric mitochondrial open reading frame specific to IS1112C. The mitochondrial gene urf 209 is also subject to nucleus-specific enhanced transcript processing, 5′ to the gene, conferred by a single dominant gene designated Mmt1. Examinations of transcript patterns in F2 and two backcross populations indicated cosegregation of the augmented orf107 and urf209 processing activities in IS1112C. Several sorghum lines that do not restore fertility or confer orf107 transcript processing do exhibit urf209 transcript processing, indicating that the activities are distinguishable. We conclude that the nuclear gene(s) conferring enhanced orf107 and urf209 processing activities are tightly linked in IS1112C. Alternatively, the similarity in apparent regulatory action of the genes may indicate allelic differences wherein the IS1112C Rf3 allele may differ from alleles of maintainer lines by the capability to regulate both orf107 and urf209 processing activities.

The genetic control of red cell glutathione deficiencies in Finnish Landrace and Tasmanian Merino sheep and in crosses between these breeds

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Tucker ◽  
L. Kilgour ◽  
J. D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Transport Defect ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cysteine Synthetase

SummaryFinnish Landrace sheep with low red cell GSH concentrations resulting from a defective transport system for certain arnino acids were crossed with Tasmanian Merino sheep with a red cell GSH deficiency due to impaired activity of the enzyme γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase. Inheritance data showed that the two types of GSH deficiency were under independent genetic control. In the Finnish Landrace breed, the gene coding for the transport defect (Trn) was inherited as an autosomal recessive and sheep homozygous for this gene had high red cell concentrations of lysine and ornithine (Ly ×) as well as low levels of GSH. In the Tasmanian Merino breed the GSH deficiency behaved as if controlled by an autosomal dominant gene (GSHL). Backcross breeding experiments resulted in lambs which had inherited both types of GSH deficiency. Evidence suggested that such ‘double low’ GSH lambs had an impaired viability. In Tasmanian Merinos the GSH deficiency was established prior to birth. Newborn Finnish Landrace lambs were clearly separable into two types on the basis of their red cell lysine and ornithine content but not on their GSH concentrations.

A Study on the Genetic Variability and Genetic Control of the Important Morphometric Characters of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
V. Soorya ◽  
V. Radhakrishnan ◽  
K. Mohanan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Polygenic Control ◽  
Balanced Distribution

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb., the pink and blue ginger is an underutilized rhizomatous herb used in the Indian as well as Thai and Malaysian systems of traditional medicine.Its antioxidant and nutraceutical properties have also been explored recently. However, no effort has been made to study the genetic variability and genetic control of the agronomic morphometric characters of this species. Hence the present study was carried out to analyse the genetic variability and genetic control of such characters in the species.All the fifteen morphometric characters showed continuous distribution indicating their polygenic control. Among the growth characters, plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth and leaf area showed accumulation of higher number of dominant alleles in their gene pool and number of tillers and number of leaves per tiller showed higher accumulation of recessive factors. Among the yield characters, length of primary fingers and length of secondary fingers showed a balanced distribution of genotypes, number of primary fingers, number of secondary fingers, diameter of primary tillers, length of mother rhizome and yield per plant showed skewness towards the assembly of higher number of recessive factors and diameter of primary fingers and diameter of secondary fingers showed skewness towards the assembly of dominant contributing factors. However, all the characters under study showed comparatively wide distribution of factor combinations, indicating the broad genetic base of the population under study. However, most of the agronomically important characters showed very low frequency of genotypes with higher number of dominant factors indicating the necessity of selecting superior genotypes to develop improved varieties.

scholarly journals Genetic Specificity in the White Pine-Blister Rust Pathosystem

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohun B. Kinloch ◽  
Gayle E. Dupper
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Bristlecone Pine

Four of eight white pine species native to western North America surveyed for resistance to white pine blister rust by artificial inoculation showed classical hypersensitive reactions (HR) at frequencies ranging from very low to moderate. Mendelian segregation, indicating a single dominant allele for resistance (Cr3), was observed in southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis), as it was previously in sugar pine (P. lambertiana, Cr1) and western white pine (P. monticola, Cr2). HR was present at a relatively high frequency (19%) in one of five bulk seed lot sources of limber pine (P. flexilis), and was also presumed to be conditioned by a single gene locus, by analogy with the other three species. HR was not found in whitebark pine (P. albcaulis), Mexican white pine (P. ayacahuite), foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), or Great Basin bristlecone pine (P. longaeva), but population and sample sizes in these species may have been below the level of detection of alleles in low frequency. When challenged by (haploid) inocula from specific locations known to harbor virulence to Cr1 or Cr2, genotypes carrying these alleles and Cr3 reacted differentially, such that inoculum virulent to Cr1 was avirulent to Cr2, and inoculum virulent to Cr2 was avirulent to Cr1. Neither of these two inocula was capable of neutralizing Cr3. Although blister rust traditionally is considered an exotic disease in North America, these results, typical of classic gene-for-gene interactions, suggest that genetic memory of similar encounters in past epochs has been retained in this pathosystem.

GENETIC STUDIES IN FAMILIAL GOITROUS CRETINISM

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah E. Leszynsky
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Metabolic Defect ◽  
The Family ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Isotope Studies ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

ABSTRACT The mode of inheritance of the gene producing goitrous cretinism in 3 sibs was studied by means of clinical and laboratory investigations of the available family members (3 generations). 8 relatives (including the mother of the patients) had more or less distinct cretinoid features, and 3 (also including the mother) had a small goitre. Isotope studies revealed various patterns of thyroid hypoactivity in 9 family members and a trend towards hyperactivity in 2 (the mother and a sister of the patients). (In previous studies Zondek et al. 1959, 1961 a, b, 1963) a similar hyperactive pattern had been repeatedly found in 2 of the patients during prolonged therapy-free remissions, induced by shorttermed massive thyroid therapy.) None of the family members investigated showed any evidence of clinically manifest hypothyroidism or of the specific metabolic defect found in the patients (presumably an inability of the thyroid to convert the trapped iodide into organic iodine). The distinguishing features setting this sibship apart from other similarly affected kindreds were (i) transmission of the metabolic defect by a presumably incompletely dominant gene, (ii) the great variability in the expression of the defective gene, culminating in a trend towards hyperactivity in 2 relatives, and (iii) the therapy-induced reversal of the metabolic defect to this hyperactive pattern in 2 of the patients.

GENETIC STUDIES OF PIGMENTATION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Acridine Dyes

Exposure of cells of several strains of Staphylococcus aureus to 50 or 100 μg of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine for 30 to 60 minutes induced large numbers of mutants with pigment content different from that of the parent. By determination of the amount of pigment as related to the optical density of the cells, four to seven classes of pigmentation mutants could be defined. Mutants with pigment content differing from that of the parent could readily be mutated to other pigmentation states and are thus probable point mutations. In contrast, completely white mutants could not be induced by the mutagen to any degree of pigmentation and possibly represent minor deletions or cumulative single-site mutations in the chromosome. Growth of parent strains in media containing acridine dyes occasionally produced a low frequency (0.01%) of white mutants. Mutants differing in pigment content from that of the parent were unable to produce coagulase during growth, although the parent cultures elaborated considerable coagulase under identical conditions.

scholarly journals Pola Segregasi Sifat Ketahanan Terhadap Soybean Stunt Virus dan Keragaman Genetik FAMILI F2:3 HASIL PERSILANGAN VARIETAS ORBA DAN GALUR B3570

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Hasriadi Mat Akin ◽  
Emi Lidya Astri ◽  
Maimun Barmawi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Segregation Pattern ◽  
Total Genetic Diversity ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Segregation pattern of the Soybean Stunt Virus resistant character and genetic diversity of F2:3 families derived from crosses between Orba and B3570.  Soybean stunt disease caused by SSV (Soybean Stunt Virus) is the most destructive soybean disease in Indonesia. This research was conducted from October 2005 to June 2006 at experiment station of Lampung University.  The aims of this research were to evaluate the segregation of resistant characters and total genetic diversity of eight populations of F2:3  families. Experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The resistance was evaluated based on the score of disease severity.  The results showed that the resistant characters segregate 1:2:1 to susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant, respectively based on  the segregation pattern. The resistant character was controlled by single gene and the action of the gene is noncompletely dominant gene.  Eight populations of F2:3 families have high diversities on the yield and yield components.

scholarly journals Machine learning models to predictin vivodrug response via optimal dimensionality reduction of tumour molecular profiles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linh Nguyen ◽  
Stefan Naulaerts ◽  
Alexandra Bomane ◽  
Alejandra Bruna ◽  
Ghita Ghislat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Response Prediction ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Gene Alterations

ABSTRACTInter-tumour heterogeneity is one of cancer’s most fundamental features. Patient stratification based on drug response prediction is hence needed for effective anti-cancer therapy. However, lessons from the past indicate that single-gene markers of response are rare and/or often fail to achieve a significant impact in clinic. In this context, Machine Learning (ML) is emerging as a particularly promising complementary approach to precision oncology. Here we leverage comprehensive Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) pharmacogenomic data sets with dimensionality-reducing ML algorithms with this purpose. Results show that combining multiple gene alterations via ML leads to better discrimination between sensitive and resistant PDXs in 19 of the 26 analysed cases. Highly predictive ML models employing concise gene lists were found for three cases: Paclitaxel (breast cancer), Binimetinib (breast cancer) and Cetuximab (colorectal cancer). Interestingly, each of these ML models identify some responsive PDXs not harbouring the best actionable mutation for that case (such PDXs were missed by those single-gene markers). Moreover, ML multi-gene predictors generally retrieve a much higher proportion of treatment-sensitive PDXs than the corresponding single-gene marker. As PDXs often recapitulate clinical outcomes, these results suggest that many more patients could benefit from precision oncology if multiple ML algorithms were applied to existing clinical pharmacogenomics data, especially those algorithms generating classifiers combining data-selected gene alterations.

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