Characterisation of the Kangaroo Valley ecotype of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Blumenthal ◽  
K Prakash ◽  
A Leonforte ◽  
PJ Cunningham ◽  
HI Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
New South ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Temperature And Growth ◽  
Tiller Density

A breeding program commenced in 1992 to produce perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars based on the Kangaroo Valley perennial ryegrass (KVPR) ecotype with improved winter and late season growth, disease resistance, and persistence. Perennial ryegrass plants (9000) were collected from 45 sites within the Kangaroo Valley and Shoalhaven flood plain in August 1992. Using principal component analysis, site differences were greatest for N percentage, Mg and Na concentration, and A1 saturation. Collections were space planted along with standard cultivars (Banks, Ellett, Embassy, Grasslands Lincoln, and Vedette) at Berry, New South Wales (34�48'S), and Timboon, Victoria (38'32'S), with 50 treatments and 10 replicates. Plants were visually scored for seasonal yield, rust incidence, greenness, leafiness, persistence, habit, and tiller density at both sites. At Berry, leaf angle, leaf width, and heading date were determined. Despite the differences in moisture, temperature, and growth indices between the 2 test sites, seasonal yield scores (mean of 100 plants) at Berry and Timboon were highly genetically correlated (r = 0.79-0.99). Standard cultivars were higher yielding with higher tiller density but with a greater rust incidence than collections (P < 0.01). Collections originating from the Shoalhaven flood plain were higher yielding with greater tiller density than plants from the Kangaroo Valley (P < 0.01), although differences were not as great as site of origin differences would suggest. Selections have been made for polycross half-sib formation, and half-sib evaluation will take place at a number of sites to determine the average general combining ability of parent selections for synthetic cultivar production.

scholarly journals Response of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) to renovation in Australian dairy pastures

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1559 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Callow ◽  
W. J. Fulkerson ◽  
D. J. Donaghy ◽  
R. J. Morris ◽  
G. Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

This study reports on the effect of oversowing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) into a degraded perennial ryegrass and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pasture to extend its productive life using various intensities of seedbed preparation. Sites in New South Wales (NSW), Western Australia (WA), South Australia (SA) and Tasmania (Tas.) were chosen by a local group of farmers as being degraded and in need of renovation. Control (nil renovation) and medium (mulch and graze, spray with glyphosphate and sow) renovation treatments were common to all sites whereas minimum (mulch and graze, and sow) and full seedbed (graze and spray with glyphosphate and then full seedbed preparation) renovation were imposed only at some sites. Plots varied in area from 0.14 to 0.50 ha, and were renovated then sown in March or April 2000 and subsequently grazed by dairy cows. Pasture utilisation was estimated from pre- and post-grazing pasture mass assessed by a rising plate pasture meter. Utilised herbage mass of the renovated treatments was significantly higher than control plots in period 1 (planting to August) and 2 (first spring) at the NSW site only. There was no difference among treatments in period 3 (first summer) at any site, and only at the WA and NSW sites in period 4 (March to July 2001) was there a response to renovation. As a result, renovation at the NSW site only significantly increased ryegrass utilisation over the whole experimental period. Ryegrass plant density was higher at the NSW, WA (excluding minimum renovation) and Tas. (excluding full renovation) sites 6 months after renovation but this was only sustained for 12 months for the minimum and medium treatments at the NSW and Tas. sites, respectively, presumably due to reduced competition from naturalised C4 summer grasses [kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) and paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum)] in NSW. At the NSW, WA and SA sites, the original ryegrass plant density was low (<35 plants/m2) compared with the Tas. site where density was around 185/m2. The response to renovating a degraded perennial ryegrass pasture varied between sites in Australia. Positive responses were generally small and were most consistent where renovation removed competing C4 summer grasses.

Persistence of temperate perennial grasses in cutting trials on the central slopes of New South Wales

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Hill
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
South Wales

Nine experiments were conducted on six different sites in the medium-rainfall (about 700 mm per year) area of central New South Wales to measure the persistence of 15 perennial grasses. Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica and P. aquatica x P. arundinacea) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) cultivars were the most persistent, while perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars, Demeter fescue (Festuca arundznacea) and perennial veldt grass (Ehrharta calycina) were only short-lived. The cultivars of phalaris were generally similar to each other in persistence, although in some trials Sirocco and Siro 1146 were more persistent and Seedmaster was less persistent than Australian. Berber was the most persistent cocksfoot cultivar, followed by Currie, then Brignoles. Medea was the most persistent perennial ryegrass cultivar, followed by Kangaroo Valley, then Victorian.

Food of the Black Duck and Grey Teal in Coastal Northern New South Wales.

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
GN Goodrick
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Terrestrial Invertebrates ◽  
Food Items ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Water Beetle ◽  
Black Duck ◽  
Maize Grain

The study area of 500 km2 was humid and subtropical, on flood plain near Coraki, New South Wales. Gut contents were examined and the percentage by volume of different food items is tabulated for black duck (Anas superciliosa) and grey teal (A. gibberifrons). Black duck fed on flooded meadow-grass flats in autumn, moving when the flats dried to seasonal swamps, and when those also dried, to lagoons. Diet varied with place. Seeds of grasses, swamp plants and lagoon plants were eaten, with water snails and water beetle adults and larvae, water spiders and ostracods, and terrestrial invertebrates being eaten when the dry flats became flooded. They ate also waste maize grain from harvested fields before ploughing. Grey teal fed in the seasonal swamps in winter and then left the area almost completely; they ate almost the same items as black duck but fed by the muddy edges of seasonal swamps more than the black duck did. It was known that black duck strip seed from the growing plant and grey teal pick up the fallen seed.

Tactical versus continuous stocking for persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in pastures grazed by sheep in south-western Victoria

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Waller ◽  
P. E. Quigley ◽  
G. R. Saul ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
P. W. G. Sale
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
Tiller Density

The survival of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants was studied in sheep pastures in south-western Victoria during the dry summer of 1996–97. Recruitment of perennial ryegrass seedlings into the pasture sward was also monitored in the autumn–winter periods in 1997 and 1998. The objective was to investigate whether a tactical stocking strategy, consisting of variable length summer, autumn and winter rotations and continuous stocking in spring, might increase perennial ryegrass tiller survival and seedling recruitment in the autumn, compared with continuous stocking all year. The grazing strategies were compared on 2 contrasting pastures: an upgraded pasture [sown with newer cultivars of perennial ryegrass and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) with 26 kg phosphorus/ha.year as applied fertiliser] and a naturalised perennial ryegrass pasture receiving 6 kg P/ha.year. Paddocks were grazed by Border Leicester × Merino ewes, mated to a terminal sire so as to lamb in September. Perennial ryegrass tiller density was higher on the upgraded pasture with a mean density of 7750 tillers/m2 in early summer which declined to zero live tillers by mid summer. Live tillers began to reappear before the opening rains and then increased after the rain. Mean tiller density in the upgraded pasture declined over the 2 summers, with only 2050 tillers/m2 being present 2 months after the opening rains in 1998. There were no effects (P>0.05) of pasture type or grazing strategy on the number of tagged tillers that survived the summer period. Only 12% of the vegetative tillers, randomly tagged in December 1996, survived to May 1997. More than half of the tillers (56%) that produced a seedhead produced daughter tillers which survived the dry summer–autumn period. A significant (P<0.05) interaction between grazing strategy and pasture type occurred with the number of perennial ryegrass seedlings that had established 4 weeks after the opening rains in 1997. There was a 5–11-fold increase in seedling numbers which regenerated in the tactically stocked, upgraded pasture compared with the other treatments. Seedling recruitment was considerably lower in the autumn of 1998, due presumably to an overall decline in perennial ryegrass density relative to annual grasses in 1997. A second experiment investigated the effect of excluding sheep from grazing at anthesis until seedhead maturation or until the opening rains, together with a mechanical seed dislodgment treatment at seed maturity. All exclusion treatments increased seedling recruitment 4–7-fold, compared with continuous stocking. The results suggest a possible mechanism by which perennial ryegrass density can be increased without expensive reseeding.

Methods of analysing competition with special reference to herbage plants: I. Establishment

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hill ◽  
Y. Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Genotype Combination ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Gains And Losses

SummaryA diallel arrangement, which incorporated the essential features of the de Wit density replacement series, was employed to study the effects of competition amongst five genotypes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Of the five genotypes concerned two were derived from S·24, two were collected from natural populations in South Wales, while the remaining genotype originated from S· 23. These five genotypes were grown as monocultures and in all ten binary combinations. Within each combination there were three mixture proportions, namely 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. All mixtures and monocultures were represented by two boxes, one of which was cut at 3-week intervals (frequent cutting) the other being cut at 6-week intervals (infrequent cutting). At each cut all plants within the appropriate mixtures and monocultures were harvested individually and their dry weight recorded.The results obtained over the first 18 weeks of the experiment (i. e. the first three complete growing periods) establish that competition is occurring in nine of the ten binary combinations. Within these nine combinations competition may be classified into one of three groups: first, it may be compensatory, in which the gains and losses incurred by the two components counterbalance; secondly, it may be positive complete complementation, where the advantage gained by the stronger component is such that the mixture performance matches that of the better monoculture, and thirdly, it may be positive over-complementation, where the yield of the better monoculture is surpassed by the mixture. Further tests disclose that a long-leaved S· 24 genotype is the strongest competitor, while a short-leaved, prostrate, indigenous genotype proves to be by far the weakest competitor.Estimates of the equilibrium proportions for each genotype combination suggest that most combinations are expected to become monocultures of the strongest component, with only the combination between the long-leaved indigenous and longleaved S· 23 genotypes remaining a mixture at equilibrium. None of these equilibria coincides with the proportions required to achieve maximum productivity from a particular combination. The results are considered in relation to the known characteristics of these five perennial ryegrass genotypes, while the wider agronomic implications are also discussed.

Comparative responses of Lolium perenne and Bothriochloa macra to temperature, moisture, fertility and defoliation

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Cook ◽  
A Lazenby ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
New South ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Lolium perenne and Bothtriochloa macra were grown alone and In 1/1 mixtures In pot culture under molsture stress and moisture non-limiting conditions at both high and low levels of fertility, they were grown In three controlled environment cabinets operating at either 16/10°, 23/17° or 31/25°C, and defoliated to either 1 cm or 4 cm from the crown at each of two harvests.Temperature was the dormant factor differentiating the growth and competitive ability of both species Lolium grew best In the 16/10° and 23/17°C temperature regimes, production declining at 31/25° In contrast, Bothriochloa made very little growth a1 16/10° and responded linearly to measuring temperature. Both species responded similarly to increasing fertility and favourable moisture conditions, although such treatments had no effect on Bothriocochloa in the 16/10°C temperature regime Bothtriochloa was more tolerant of low fertility and moisture stress than was Loliurn, especially at 31/25° Lolium yielded more, and competed successfully with Bothtriochloa, only under conditions of high fertility and In the absence of moisture stress at temperatures up to 23/17°C Defoliation intensity had little effect on the total dry matter yields of either species, although it did influence the proportion of leaf to head and stem of Bothtriochloa. The likely implications of the results on the competitive relationships of the two species In the field In the Northern Tablelands environment of New South Wales are discussed

Establishment, growth and survival of six pasture species surface sown on unploughed land infested with serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Tussock Grass

The effects of herbicide, inoculation, and nitrogen on establishment, growth and survival of Trifolium pratense, T. repens, T. subterraneum, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, and Phalaris tuberosa were recorded at Rockley, New South Wales. Seed was surface sown on unploughed land dominated by tussock grass (Nassella trichotoma). All clovers established on unploughed land but only T. subterraneum survived successfully two years after sowing. Establishment of L. perenne and D. glomerata was three to four times as high as P. tuberosa, but two years later there were more P. tuberosa plants than either L. perenne or D. glomerata. Herbicide treatment increased establishment and growth of all grasses and was essential for their survival ; it was not essential for establishment or nodulation of the three clovers nor for regeneration of T. mbterranew, but did have beneficial effects. Nitrogen decreased the establishment of D. glomeratb but increased growth of all grasses and survival of L. perenne and D. glomerata; it depressed the establishment, nodulation, and growth of clovers. Three-step inoculation gave successful nodulation and proved essential for growth of all clovers and regeneration of subterranean clover.

Genotypic variation among sites within eleven Australian native grasses

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Waters ◽  
G. Melville ◽  
A. Grice
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
South Wales

Eleven species of native grass were collected from 51 sites throughout western New South Wales and south-west Queensland. Approximately 10 whole plants of each species were collected from a site but not all species were collected from each site. Plants were grown in a common environment at Trangie in central western New South Wales and plant morphological and floristic characteristics measured. Data reported here are for observations made in the third year, by which time differences between populations were likely to be more genetic than environmental. Principal component and discriminant analyses revealed a strong relationship between site of origin and plant morphological characteristics, which explained between 61% and 93% of the variation within species. For all but one species, site was significantly correlated with these morphological characteristics. Site could be predicted from morphological characters with a success rate usually greater than 80%. These morphological characteristics must reflect genotypic differences among the collection from the different sites. We were unable to relate this variation to any of a range of site characteristics. Distance between sites could not be used as an indicator of morphological differences between populations. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of providing strong evidence for the existence of ecotypes and for obtaining appropriate seed sources for revegetation/restoration programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document