Reducing post-partum anoestrous interval in first-calf Bos indicus crossbred beef heifers. III. Effect of nutrition on responses to weaning and associated variation in metabolic hormone levels

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Jolly ◽  
CS McSweeney ◽  
AC Schlink ◽  
EM Houston ◽  
KW Entwistle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Metabolic Hormone

Interactions between effects of undernutrition and weaning on the duration of post-partum anoestrus and associated variation in milk yield, suckling behaviour, and metabolic hormone levels in Droughtmaster [Bos indicus x Bos taurus (518, 3/8)] first-calf cows were studied in 2 successive years. Low body condition score at calving (3.5f 0.1, scale 1-9) was associated with prolonged post-partum anoestrous intervals in suckled cows, but provided cows were maintaining liveweight, ovarian cyclicity resumed within 50 days if calves were weaned 70 days post-partum. This response to weaning was totally inhibited in cows that calved in low body condition that lost liveweight post-partum (Year 1). In contrast, marked levels of post-partum liveweight loss (23%) did not affect resumption of ovarian cyclicity in response to weaning (at 50 days post-parturn), or time to conception, among cows that calved with high body condition scores (5.8 � 0.2, Year 2). Reduced milk yields and calf weight gains among underfed cows were associated with higher suckling frequencies and durations ( P < 0.05). Acyclic interval after weaning was negatively related to body condition score at weaning (P < 0.01), and positively related to preweaning suckling intensity (P < 0.01). The time taken to resume ovarian cyclicity after weaning increased by a factor of 1.2 for every half unit decrease in body condition score at weaning, and by a factor of 1.3 for every 30-min increase in time suckled per day prior to weaning. Within level of nutrition, higher frequencies and durations of suckling were associated with higher plasma prolactin levels. Plasma IGF-1 levels were consistently depressed in underfed cows, whereas plasma insulin and GH levels were less affected by nutritional treatments. Effects of undernutrition in suckled cows appear to operate at least partly through interactions with milk yield and suckling intensity. Management of post-partum anoestrus in Bos indicus cows should focus on the conservation of cow body condition and on the strategic use of early weaning.

Effect of Body Condition Score Variation on Milk Yield and Fertility in Post-partum Dairy Cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 647-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Formigoni ◽  
P. Pezzi ◽  
A. Gramenzi ◽  
G. Martino ◽  
E. Neri
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Condition Score

Reducing post-partum anoestrous interval in first-calf Bos indicus crossbred beef heifers. 2. Responses to weaning and supplementation

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS McSweeney ◽  
PM Kennedy ◽  
MJ D'Occhio ◽  
LA Fitzpatrick ◽  
D Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity

Supplementation designed to increase the supply of glucose and amino acids, was compared with early weaning as strategies for reducing post-partum anoestrous in Bos indicusx Bos taurus (518x318) first-lactation heifers. Twenty-three pregnant heifers were allocated to four treatment groups and fed long-chopped hay (15.8 g N/kg dry matter) ad libitum and a complete mineral mixture throughout the experiment as well as 450 g molasses and 50 g urea per day during the final month of pregnancy. After calving, three groups were supplemented daily for 120 days with either 2 kg cracked rice (E), 0.4 kg formaldehyde-treated casein (P), or cracked rice (2 kg)+formaldehyde-treated casein (0.4 kg) (E+P); the unsupplemented control group had their calves weaned at 60 days post-partum. Supplemented animals had significantly higher intakes of hay (7- 1-7.3 v. 5.9 kg OM/day), weight gain (0.4-0.5 v. 0.0 kg/day) and body condition score (4.6-4.7 v. 4.3) than the unsupplemented heifers, but there were no differences between the supplemented groups in these variables. Unsupplemented animals and heifers fed P partitioned similar amounts of lactose and fat into milk, whereas secretion of both lactose and protein was significantly higher in the E+P and E groups. All control heifers ovulated within 14 days of their calves being weaned, whereas only two of the lactating supplemented heifers (EfP) showed cyclic ovarian activity at that time and three other lactating heifers ovulated several weeks later. The response to weaning occurred in heifers that had a liveweight and condition score of 374 kg and 4.3 respectively, which was 30-50 kg and a half unit in condition below the suckling heifers. In unsupplemented heifers showing ovarian cyclicity, acetate entry rate was less than half that of the supplemented animals, whereas glucose entry rate, adjusted for loss to lactose, was similar for both groups. Supplementation did not affect either the basal concentration or frequency of pulsatile release of luteinizing hormone (LH) at 60 days post-partum, or the LH response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (5 8g GnRH). It is concluded that under the conditions of the present study, weaning had a greater effect than post-partum nutritional supplements on the resumption of ovarian activity in first-lactation heifers with moderate nutrition.

The effect of long-term daily administration of bovine somatotrophin on the performance of dairy cows over a second consecutive lactation

1989 ◽  
Vol 1989 ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
R.F. Butterwick ◽  
T.E.C. Weekes ◽  
P. Rowlinson ◽  
D.S. Parker ◽  
D.G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Bovine Somatotrophin

The objectives of the trial were to investigate the effects of bovine somatotrophin (BST) from either week 2 or week 10 post-partum on the yields of milk, milk components, body weight, body condition, feed intake, health and reproductive status of dairy cows over a second consecutive lactation. The results from the heifer lactation have been reported previously (Butterwick et al. 1988).17 Friesian dairy cows in their second lactation were continued on the same treatment as in their heifer lactation: daily subcutaneous injection of recombinantly derived bovine somatotrophin (BST;25mg/d) from either week 2 (BST2;n=6) or week 10 (BSTl0;n=5) post-partum, or injection of a buffer solution from week 2 of lactation (C;n=6). Treatments continued until week 42 of lactation or until 60 days prior to predicted calving date, if this occurred before week 42 of lactation. Initially cows were housed in cubicles and fed ad libitum through Calan doors, on a diet consisting of concentrate and grass silage (Table 1) on a 60:40 dry matter ratio. After day 110 of lactation cows were turned out to pasture but continued to receive concentrates according to milk yield and body condition score. Milk yield and feed intake were recorded daily, milk composition, body weight and body condition score were recorded twice weekly. Health and reproductive status were monitored over the lactation.

scholarly journals Supplementation of dairy cows with propylene glycol during the periparturient period: effects on body condition score, milk yield, first estrus post-partum, beta-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acids and glucose concentrations

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Fernando Laranja da Fonseca ◽  
Paulo Henrique Mazza Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos ◽  
André Pinto Lima ◽  
Carlos de Sousa Lucci
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of propylene glycol (PPG) supplementation to periparturient cows on: milk yield, changes in body condition score (BCS), days to first oestrus after calving, and on the beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterefied fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose concentrations. Twenty-three Holstein cows were distributed into two treatments: a) 300 mL of PPG (group treatment, 11 cows), b) 300 mL of water (group control, 12 cows), administered via drench in periparturient period. BCS was evaluated on days -10, 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 relative to calving date. There was no effect of treatment or time on milk yield, although the interaction of time*treatment was significant and during the 4th and 5th week of lactation, milk yield was significant higher in treatment group. Days to first oestrus of PPG and control group were on average 40.2 and 45.2 respectively (P>0.05). There was no effect of treatment on body condition score (BCS) from calving to sixty days post partum. There was no effect of treatment or interaction of time*treatment on plasma parameters (BHBA, NEFA and glucose) but there was an effect of time on glucose and NEFA. However, based on an analysis of covariance, using BCS as the covariate, an effect of treatment on plasma concentrations of BHBA was observed. In conclusion, supplementation of propyleneglycol has a minor effect to alleviate the negative metabolic effects that normally occur at early lactation in dairy cows.

Nutritional effects on the pituitary-ovarian axis during the early post-partum period in autumn-lambing ewes

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Mitchell ◽  
M. Silveira ◽  
M. J. Ranilla ◽  
M. E. King ◽  
F. E. Gebbie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Lh Secretion

AbstractUsing primiparous autumn-lambing ewes, this study investigated nutritional effects on (i) pulsatile LH secretion, (ii) responsiveness of the pituitary-ovarian axis to exogenous GnRH, and (iii) oestrus and ovarian cyclicity during the early post-partum period. At lambing (25 October ± 0·3 days), 32 primiparous ewes rearing 2·1 ± 0·04 lambs were equally allocated to four dietary treatments in a 2 ✕ 2 factorial designed experiment. Diets comprised ad libitum hay and 1·5 kg per ewe per day of one of four concentrates (12·5 MJ metabolizable energy per kg dry matter) containing either fibrous (F) or starchy (S) ingredients with (P) or without (O) the inclusion of 120 g/kg fish meal. Throughout the study (lambing to 17 December) ewe body condition score was assessed and ewes and their lambs were weighed at weekly intervals. Blood samples were obtained from all ewes to measure circulating concentrations of progesterone and oestrous behaviour was monitored using vasectomized rams. On day 12 post partum, blood samples were obtained from all ewes at 2-h intervals (09:00 to 17:00 h) to measure concentrations of insulin and urea nitrogen, and at 15-min intervals (09:00 to 21:00 h) to measure pulsatile LH secretion. All ewes received 25 i. v. injections of GnRH (250 ng GnRH in 2 ml 0·9% saline) at 2-h intervals commencing 4 h before the end of the 15-min blood sampling period and their ovaries were examined via laparoscopy on day 17 post partum. There was no effect of dietary treatment on ewe live weight or body condition score throughout the study but inclusion of fish meal in the ewe diet increased lamb growth (FP/SP 255 (s.e. 8·9) v. FO/SO 234 (s.e. 8·2) g/day, P < 0·05). Circulating concentrations of insulin on day 12 post partum were lower in ewes given the fibrous compared with the starchy diets (P < 0·05) while dietary inclusion of fish meal increased (P < 0·001) urea nitrogen. Pulsatile LH secretion on day 12 post partum was not affected by dietary treatment. For ewes on diets F P, FO, SP and SO, the numbers that experienced an LH surge during the period of GnRH administration were 1, 2, 1 and 0, and that ovulated by day 17 post partum were 3, 5, 0 and 5 (FP/SP v. FO/SO, P < 0·05) respectively. Dietary treatment did not affect the intervals from parturition to the onset of ovarian cyclicity or oestrus (overall means were 23 (s.e.1·0) days and 38 (s.e.1·6) days respectively) but ewes on the fibrous compared with the starchy diet had a higher (P < 0·05) incidence of short (≤ 10 days) first ovarian cycles. Results of this study, which involved young growing animals, demonstrate that (i) inclusion of fish meal in the ewe diet influenced the sensitivity of the pituitary-ovarian axis to exogenous GnRH, and (ii) a fibrous compared with a starchy diet was associated with an increased incidence of premature luteal regression.

Effect of Post-Partum Body Condition Score on Fertility and Milk Yield of Friesian X Bunaji Dairy Cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Alphonsus C ◽  
Akpa N ◽  
Nwagu I ◽  
Barje P ◽  
Sam M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Condition Score

scholarly journals Relation of Automated Body Condition Scoring System and Inline Biomarkers (Milk Yield, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Progesterone in Milk) with Cow’s Pregnancy Success

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Analyzer ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Body Condition Scoring

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relation of automatically determined body condition score (BCS) and inline biomarkers such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and progesterone (mP4) with the pregnancy success of cows. The cows (n = 281) had 2.1 ± 0.1. lactations on average, were 151.6 ± 0.06 days postpartum, and were once tested with “Easy scan” ultrasound (IMV imaging, Scotland) at 30–35 d post-insemination. According to their reproductive status, cows were grouped into two groups: non-pregnant (n = 194 or 69.0% of cows) and pregnant (n = 87 or 31.0% of cows). Data concerning their BCS, mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected each day from the day of insemination for 7 days. The BCS was collected with body condition score camera (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden); mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected with the fully automated real-time analyzer Herd Navigator™ (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). Of all the biomarkers, three differences between groups were significant. The body condition score (BCS) of the pregnant cows was higher (+0.49 score), the milk yield (MY) was lower (−4.36 kg), and milk progesterone in pregnant cows was (+6.11 ng/mL) higher compared to the group of non-pregnant cows (p < 0.001). The pregnancy status of the cows was associated with their BCS assessment (p < 0.001). We estimated that cows with BCS > 3.2 were 22 times more likely to have reproductive success than cows with BCS ≤ 3.2.

scholarly journals Genetic Relationships among Body Condition Score, Body Weight, Milk Yield, and Fertility in Dairy Cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 2193-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Berry ◽  
F. Buckley ◽  
P. Dillon ◽  
R.D. Evans ◽  
M. Rath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Condition Score

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition in dairy cows with post-partum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-646
Author(s):  
C. Bondan ◽  
J.A. Folchini ◽  
L. Guimarães ◽  
M. Noro ◽  
R. Zanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Score Evaluation

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the impact of different post-partum disorders on milk yield and composition. One hundred and fifteen Holstein cows from a commercial dairy farm located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil were monitored up to 62 days post-partum. During this period, body condition score evaluation and animal clinical examination were conducted. Percentages of fat, protein, and lactose, as well as somatic cells score, were determined in milk samples. The AST activity and concentrations of NEFA, calcium, and BHBA, were analyzed in blood samples. The occurrence of clinical disorders was identified in 30 (26%) cows. Subclinical disorders were identified in 64 (56%) cows. Only 21 (18%) cows did not suffer any kind of disorder within the studied period. In this study, no significant differences were found in milk production, protein, and somatic cell count in clinical, subclinical, and healthy cows. Milk fat and the fat: protein quotient (F:P) were higher in cows with clinical disorders and the 6 to 21 days in milk, and lactose were lower in cows with clinical disorders and the 22 to 42 days in milk (P<0.05).

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