Accumulation of cadmium with time in Romney sheep grazing ryegrass-white clover pasture: effect of cadmium from pasture and soil intake

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 877 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lee ◽  
JR Rounce ◽  
AD Mackay ◽  
ND Grace
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Adaptive Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Kidney Liver

Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in various tissues of Romney sheep and rates of accumulation, as affected by Cd concentrations in pasture and soil, DM intake, and animal age, were determined in a 25-month study. After weaning, 6 groups of 10 wether lambs were grazed on a low Cd (0.l8 � 0.08 8g Cd/g DM) or high Cd (0.52 � 0.17 8g Cd/g DM) pasture in 3 replicates. The rate of accumulation of Cd (8g /day) into the liver and kidney was greatest in sheep aged about 6 months (for the low and high Cd pastures: kidney 0.27 and 0.56; liver 0.35 and 1 I), after which it declined with age (kidney 0.02 and 0.03: liver <0901 and 0.05; at 28 months of age). Total content of Cd in the organs continued to increase. In 6-month-old animals, 0.25% of total Cd ingested was retained by the kidney and liver, but this proportion decreased to about 0.05% of Cd intake with 28-month-old animals. Net retention of Cd in the fleece-free body as a percentage of daily Cd intake for both the control and treatment animals was estimated between 0- 35 and 0 5%. Except for muscle tissue from sheep in the treatment group, for which the mean Cd concentration was lower than that of the control group (2.0 � 0.24 and 3 9 � 0.63 r)g Cd/g fresh tissue, respectively), Cd concentrations in kidney, liver, thymus, muscle, and lung tissue increased over the first 3 months for both groups of animals. After 2 years, animals on the treatment pastures had approximately 3-fold greater Cd concentrations in liver, kidney, and duodenal tissue tissue than those grazing the control pastures (liver, 361 � 58 v. 97 � 11; kidney, l485 � 200 v. 352f48; duodenal tissue, 32f 4 v. 18f 2.5 t)g Cd/g FW, respectively). At higher Cd intakes, the adaptive effect of increased metallothionein synthesis enabled the animal to be more efficient in binding Cd, which restricted accumulation of Cd in muscle. The regression ([Cd] kidney = -205 + 0. 981Cdintake + 0 - 726Time; r = 0.82, P < 0.001) gave the best fit for the observed Cd concentration in the kidney tissue. Daily Cd intake was also a better predictor of the Cd concentration in liver tissue than the concentration of Cd in pasture by itself ([Cd]liver, = 24.7 + 0.353Cdintake; r = 0.81, P < 0.001). Accurate predictions of the potential for Cd accumulation in young grazing animals will enable more effective management strategies to be implemented to reduce Cd accumulation and therefore minimise the potential impact relating to both environment and market.

scholarly journals Haematological Parameters and Histomorphological Effect of Varied Parts of Citrullus Lanatus Juice Fed to Adult Female Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1955-1961
Author(s):  
OA Iwalaye ◽  
VO Ekundina ◽  
A Oni
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Histopathological Effects

Plants basically will continue to be the starting materials in making modern drugs. As a result of this, many believe in using herbal products than convectional drugs because of their easy accessibility, low side effects and affordability. Citrulluslanatus (popularly known as watermelon) is a citrus fruit known to contain among others, citrulline and lycopene with hepatoprotective actions on organs such as liver and kidney because of it bioactive and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the haemathological parameters and histopathological effects of crude C. lanatus juice on the liver and kidney of mice. Twenty five female mice weighing between 72 - 99g were randomly divided into five groups (A - E) of five mice each. Group A, were given water (control); group B, were given 2ml of watermelon flesh juice; group C, were given 2ml of watermelon flesh and seed juice, group D, were given 2ml of watermelon flesh and rind juice; and group E were given 2ml ofwatermelon flesh, seed and rind juice once daily for four weeks. At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed and dissected. Blood sample were taken through cardiac puncture, liver and kidney tissue were excised also to determine the haematological and histopathological effects using routine diagnostic techniques. Highest blood and differential counts except WBC were obtained in groups exposed to crude C. lanatus juice when compared with the control.The liver of animals in all groups appears normal with no remarkable differences from the control. Also, no remarkable differences were recorded in the kidney of animals in all groups except group E which showed interstitial edema with some renal tubules within the cortex undergoing degeneration. From this study and at the dose and duration of study, every part of C. lanatushad no negative impact on the histopathology of the liver and kidney and also had the potential to boost the immune system. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus, haematology, histopathology, kidney, liver, mice

scholarly journals The Effect of Broccoli Extract in Arsenic-Induced Experimental Poisoning on the Hematological, Biochemical, and Electrophoretic Parameters of the Liver and Kidney of Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Raeeszadeh ◽  
Pouria Karimi ◽  
Nadia Khademi ◽  
Pejman Mortazavi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Liver And Kidney Damage

Heavy metals such as arsenic contribute to environmental pollution that can lead to systemic effects in various body organs. Some medicinal plants such as broccoli have been shown to reduce the harmful effects of these heavy metals. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of broccoli extract on liver and kidney toxicity, considering hematological and biochemical changes. The experimental study was performed in 28 days on 32 male Wistar rats classified into four groups: the control group (C), a group receiving 5 mg/kg oral arsenic (AS), a group receiving 300 mg/kg broccoli (B), and a group receiving arsenic and broccoli combination (AS + B). Finally, blood samples were taken to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney, as well as serum proteins’ concentration. Liver and kidney tissue were fixed and stained by H&E and used for histopathological diagnosis. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) in the AS group compared to other groups. However, in the B group, a significant increase in RBC and WBC was observed compared to the AS and C groups ( P  < 0.05). Moreover, RBC and WBC levels increased significantly in the AS + B group compared to the AS group ( P  = 0.046). However, in the AS group, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels increased, while total protein, albumin, and globulin decreased. This can be a result of liver and kidney damage, which was observed in the AS group. Furthermore, the increase in the concentration of albumin and globulin in the AS + B group was higher than that in the AS group. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and necrosis of the liver and kidney tissue in the pathological evaluation of the AS group were significantly higher than other groups. There was an increase in superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC); however, a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was seen in the AS + B group compared to the AS group. It seems that broccoli is highly effective at reducing liver and kidney damage and improving the hematological and biochemical factors in arsenic poisoning conditions.

scholarly journals Amelorative effect of olive oil against hepatorenal toxicity of cefotaxime in albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. A. Elkomy ◽  
Mossad G. E Elsayed ◽  
Faten I. El sayed ◽  
Ahmed A. Abd el atey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Protein Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Due to great hazard effects of antibiotic the following study aimed to investigate the adverse effect of cefotaxime in biochemical, oxidative status and histological examination of Liver and kidney tissue as well as the protective effect of olive oil. Twenty four male Wister albino rats were randomly divided into main four groups including: - G (1): Served as control group and it includes six rats, they were administrated 0.5ml of saline orally for 14 consecutive days. G (2): it includes six rats, they were administered 5ml/kg olive oil orally for 14 consecutive days. G (3): it includes six rats, they were administrated 90mg/kg body weight/twice daily of cefotaxime intramuscular for 14 consecutive days. G (4): it includes six rats, they were administered 5ml/kg olive oil orally concurrently with 90mg/kg body weight/twice daily of cefotaxime. Results revealed that cefotaxime induced significant increases in liver and kidney function parameters including AST, ALT, ALP. creatinine, and urea as well as decrease in albumin and total protein level. Moreover, marked an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreases in glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. that indicate oxidative stress levels expression in the hepatic and renal tissues following cefotaxime administration. On the beneficial side oral administration of olive oil at the dose 5ml/kg for 14 days significantly mitigate theses toxic effects. So it is concluded that olive oil has great hepatorenal antioxidant effect. 

scholarly journals Intestinal tract and parenteral multi-organ sequential pathological injury caused by necrotizing enterocolitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Sheng Wang ◽  
Meng Lu Yu ◽  
Wei Zhong Li ◽  
Kai Hong ◽  
Chen Bin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cold Stimulation ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Organ Repair ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: To explore the relationship between the pathological changes of the colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney, and the changes of Bax, PCNA and PAF in a rat model of NEC. Methods: 140 neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into NEC group and control group (70 in each group). NEC group was given hypoxia, cold stimulation and artificial feeding twice a day for 3 consecutive days. The control group was only fed normally. After modeling, From the 1st day to the 7th day, 10 rats were sampled in each group for pathological examination of colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney tissue. The levels of Bax, PCNA and PAF were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with the normal group, in the NEC group, on the 1st day, the colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney showed inflammatory damage. On the 5th day, the inflammatory injury was reduced. The inflammation disappeared on the 7th day. There were differences in the time of apoptosis in the intestine. In the intestine, the proliferation of PCNA was weak at first and then strong. Bax in liver and kidney showed marked apoptosis and apoptosis time increased in the lung. The expression of PCNA increased in lung, liver and kidney, and the expression of PAF increased in lung and liver. Conclusions: NEC can lead to secondary injury of different degrees in colon, terminal ileum, lung, liver and kidney, and the degree and time of injury and repair were different. In general, organ repair played a leading role on the 4th day after modeling.

scholarly journals Health concerns of lambs fed cottonseed hulls combined with chitosan by examining the blood metabolic profile and histopathology of the kidney, liver, and rumen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Magalhaes ◽  
GGP Carvalho ◽  
EM Santos ◽  
AES Lima ◽  
JE Freitas Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Metabolite Profile ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Hepatic Enzymes ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Serum Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Whole Cottonseed ◽  
Kidney Liver

This study analysed the effect of cottonseed hulls and chitosan in diets for lambs by determining the blood metabolite profile, and the histopathology of the kidney, liver, and rumen. Eighty non-castrated Santa Inês lambs, approximately 120 days of age and a mean initial body weight (b.w.) of 22.6 (standard deviation ± 2.2 kg) were assigned to a completely randomised design, with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two chitosan levels and two cottonseed forms were evaluated. The experimental diets were following: diet containing whole cottonseed hulls (WC) without the addition of chitosan; diet containing WC with 136 mg/kg b.w. chitosan added; diet containing ground cottonseed hulls (GC) without the addition of chitosan; diet containing GC with 136 mg/kg b.w. chitosan added. The blood metabolites and hepatic enzymes ALT, AST, GGT were not significantly influenced in the treatment groups, except for the serum cholesterol concentration which was lower (P &lt; 0.05) when the chitosan was combined with the whole cottonseed hulls. There were histopathological alterations (P &lt; 0.05) in the liver and kidney tissue and moderate changes in the rumen samples in the animals fed cottonseed without chitosan, however, when chitosan was added, the changes were less marked. The combination of chitosan with cottonseed hulls (ground or whole) can be supplied safely to feedlot finishing lambs without compromising their health.

scholarly journals Nephroprotective effect of mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) on rats induced by doxorubicin

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Rosnizar ◽  
Nyoman Ehrich Lister I ◽  
Edy Fachrial ◽  
Shahna ◽  
Sukirman Lie
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Nephroprotective Activity

Chronic kidney disease in the world is currently experiencing an increase and become a serious health problem. Doxorubicin clinical efficacy is hampered by dose-related organotoxic (heart, liver, and kidney) potential. The purpose of this study was to determine the nephroprotective activity of mengkudu fruit ethanol extract against the rats induced by doxorubicin. Mengkudu fruit ethanol extract was obtained by maceration. Nephroprotective activity test is done by measuring urea and creatinine. Animals were induced with doxorubicin (DOX) 5 mg/kgbw on day 1, 7, 14 and 20th. Administration of mengkudu extract 100 mg/kgbw, 300 mg/kgbw, and 500 mg/kgbw given from day 1 to day 20 and on the 21st day blood serum levels of urea and creatinine. Mengkudu dose of 100 mg/kg BW, 300 mg/kgbw and 500 mg/kgbw have nephroprotective activity against male rats induced by doxorubicin. The effective dose of mengkudu as nephroprotective is at a dose of 500 mg/kgbw with a serum creatinine level of 0.570 ± 0.030 mg/dl and a serum urea level of 28.333 ± 6.210 mg/dl which shows a significant difference (p <0.05) of negative controls and not significantly different (p> 0.05) from positive control (Vitamin E). In the positive control group and the administration of mengkudu 500 mg/kgbw, the kidney tissue appeared normal. In the treatment group, mengkudu 500 mg/kgbw did not occur kidney tissue damage because mengkudu was able to repair kidney damage due to doxorubicin induction.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment on the probable mechanisms underlying the hepatorenal toxicity of commercial imidacloprid and hexaflumuron formulations in rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman I. Hassanen ◽  
Ahmed M. Hussien ◽  
Sally Mehanna ◽  
Marwa A. Ibrahim ◽  
Neven H. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Apoptosis Pathway ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Abstract Pesticides are viewed as a major wellspring of ecological contamination and causing serious risky consequences for people and animals. Imidacloprid (IM) and hexaflumuron (HFM) are extensively utilized insect poisons for crop assurance on the planet. A few investigations examined IM harmfulness in rodents, but its exact mechanism hasn’t been mentioned previously as well as the toxicity of HFM doesn’t elucidate yet. For this reason, the present study was designed to explore the mechanism of each IM and HFM–evoked rat liver and kidney toxicity and to understand its molecular mechanism. 21 male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups, as follows: group (1), normal saline; group (2), IM; and group (3), HFM. Both insecticides were orally administered every day for 28 days at a dose equal to 1/10 LD50 from the active ingredient. After 28 days postdosing, rats were anesthetized to collect blood samples then euthanized to collect liver and kidney tissue specimens. The results showed marked changes in walking, body tension, alertness, and head movement with a significant reduction in rats’ body weight in both IM and HFM receiving groups. Significant increases in MDA levels and decrease of GHS levels were recorded in liver and kidney homogenates of either IM or HFM groups. Liver and kidney tissues obtained from both pesticide receiving groups showed extensive histopathological alterations with a significant increase in the serum levels of ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine and a decrease in total proteins, albumin, and globulin levels. In addition, there was upregulation of the transcript levels of casp-3, JNK, and HO-1 genes with strong immunopositivity of casp-3, TNF-ὰ, and NF-KB protein expressions in the liver and kidneys of rats receiving either IM or HFM compared with the control group. In all studied parameters, HFM caused hepatorenal toxicity more than those induced by IM. We can conclude that each IM and HFM provoked liver and kidneys damage through overproduction of ROS, activation of NF-KB signaling pathways and mitochondrial/JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.

The protective effect of chrysin against carbon tetrachloride-induced kidney and liver tissue damage in rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Gul Baykalir ◽  
Aslihan Sur Arslan ◽  
Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu ◽  
Tuba Parlak Ak ◽  
Ismail Seven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Factor Α

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of chrysin on oxidative status and histological alterations against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver and kidney tissue in rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups; the control, chrysin (100 mg/kg), CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) and chrysin + CCl4 groups. Liver and kidney injuries were assessed by biochemical and histopathological examinations. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured in tissues. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels were also measured in blood samples. MDA, serum TNF-α, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) were significantly higher, and SOD activity and GSH level were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Treatment with chrysin in the chrysin + CCl4 group decreased MDA, AST, ALT, creatinine, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05), and increased SOD activity, GSH levels (p < 0.05), and serum TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). In addition, body weight change (BWC) (p < 0.05) and feed intake (FI) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the CCl4 group than in the control group. Moreover, treatment with chrysin increased BWC and FI in the chrysin + CCl4 group compared with that in the CCl4 group. These findings also confirmed by histopathological examination. The chrysin treatment ameliorated the CCl4-induced biochemical and pathological alterations. These results demonstrated that chrysin provided amelioration on the rat liver and kidney tissues CCl4-induced injury by increasing the antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) accumulation positively correlates with realgar-induced subchronic toxicity in rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yi ◽  
Shuangrong Gao ◽  
Jing Xia ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Chunying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Dose ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Effect Level

AbstractThe toxicity of realgar depends largely on different arsenic species accumulation and distribution in the body. Here, after continuous oral administration of different doses of realgar for 90 days and subsequent 60-day withdrawal period, clinical observations, food consumption, body weights, blood biochemistry, hematology, and histomorphological examination of rats were performed. Realgar 40mg·kg−1·d−1 and 170 mg·kg−1·d−1 of realgar (which is equivalent to 40-fold and 100-fold the maximum clinical dose, respectively) can cause toxicity in rats, including degreased body weight, peripheral blood neutrality abnormal ratio of granulocytes and lymphocytes, hypercoagulability of the blood, liver and kidney tissue damage, liver and kidney may be the main toxic target organs of realgar. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose is 10 mg·kg−1. At the same time, the content and distribution of arsenic species in tissues were determined. The content of total arsenic (tAs) and Dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) in the tissues of the realgar group was significantly higher than those of the control group. After 60 days of discontinuation, the DMA content in the realgar group decreased, but it was still higher than that in the control group, and liver and kidney damage occurred during the administration period basically returned to normal. Therefore, the authors speculated that when the DMA content in the tissue exceeds a certain range, liver and kidney toxicity will be induced. However, when the DMA content is lower than the above threshold after drug withdrawal, the liver and kidney lesions can return to normal.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FEEDING GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) MAIZE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS IN NEW ZEALAND RABBIT

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Gm Maize ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
New Zealand Rabbits

In this study, we investigated the effects of Genetically Modified (GM) Maize on liver and kidney tissue weights, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels of liver and kidney tissues in New Zealand Rabbits. For this purpose, rabbits were divided into three groups: parental, first-generation and second-generation. Each group was divided into two sub-groups i.e. control group and the treatment group. Rabbits on the control group were fed with conventional maize (non-GM), whereas rabbits which are in the treatment groups were fed with GM maize. Six females and six male New Zealand rabbits were used per group. At the end of the experimental period, tissue samples were taken and tissue weights, MDA and GSH levels were determined. Overall, as the generations progressed, a statistically significant increase in liver weights and a decrease in kidney weights were observed. There was no statistically significant change as regards MDA and GSH levels of liver and kidney tissues of groups without GM maize inclusion in the diet. However in all three-generation of GM maize treated groups, there was a significant decrease in GSH levels and a significant increase in MDA levels were observed.

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