Inheritance of anthracnose resistance in the tropical pasture legume Stylosanthes hamata

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Iamsupasit ◽  
DF Cameron ◽  
M Cooper ◽  
S Chakraborty ◽  
LA Edye
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Gene Model ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Pasture Legume

Eight tetraploid accessions of the tropical pasture legume Stylosanthes hamata with varying levels of response to the anthracnose pathogen (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) were crossed in a half diallel scheme. Based on mean disease severity ratings (MDR), two parents, 55830 and 75164, were grouped as resistant (R), 55828 and 65365 were susceptible (S), and the remaining four, cvv. Verano and Amiga and 65371 and 75162 were moderately resistant (MR). Of these, the two resistant parents appear to carry different genes for resistance. The MDR of 20 of the 28 F2 populations was significantly different from their mid-parent MDR and the expression of resistance, in most cases, was recessive. Only a limited number of the F2 distributions for crosses between RxS, RxMR and MRxS parents conformed to a single gene model. The inheritance patterns observed were considered to be predominantly quantitative. Variation for general combining ability, was as large as or larger than that for specific combining ability suggesting that a large proportion of the genetic differences among the parents was additive. The finding that the resistance is inherited as a quantitative trait is consistent with results on the epidemiology of anthracnose in tetraploid S. hamata.

scholarly journals Using scab resistant donors in apple breeding

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
B. Gelvonauskis ◽  
D. Gelvonauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Selection Of

Apple cultivars were crossed according to the half-diallel and topcross mating design. Apple scab resistance of seedlings was estimated by using a 0–5 scale: 0 – no infection on leaves, 5 – more than 75% of leaf area infected. Percentage of scab resistant seedlings in crosses involving cultivars Prima varied from 35.8% to 67.6%, involving cultivars Florina and Arbat – 51.9–59.5% and 53.5–72.5%, respectively. Significant differences for resistance to scab were found among the crosses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. The significance of GCA for scab resistance shows that genetic variability exists for this trait and selection should result in genetic progress, because the mean square for GCA was larger than that calculated for SCA. Therefore, selection of parents on its phenotype should be effective for development of resistant apple cultivars. The significant SCA estimates indicate that a large number of resistant seedlings from particular crosses should be selected.

GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN SMOOTH BROMEGRASS. I. YIELD

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Koon Tan ◽  
Geok-Yong Tan ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Half Diallel

Twenty-one progenies and the parents of a 7 × 7 half diallel cross of smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) were evaluated at four locations in Alberta in each of two years, for genetic variation and genetic by environment interactions in the expression of their yield potentials. Years, locations and their interactions were highly significant in the combined analysis of variance. Combining ability analysis revealed that general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were both important in the expression of yield, including spring, fall and annual yield, whereas GCA was more important than SCA for yield per area. Although the genotype × environment interactions were all highly significant, variation accounted for by combining ability effects was generally higher than the interaction effects of GCA and SCA respectively, with environments. High average GCA effects for spring, fall and annual yield were demonstrated for the clones UA5, UA9 and B42. These together with the high average SCA effects suggested that the three clones could be included in a synthetic to develop high yielding cultivars. The results suggested that recurrent selections involving multi-location and multi-year testing seems necessary in breeding for high yielding bromegrass cultivars in Alberta.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of four main flavonoids in barley grain

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Yawen Zeng ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Shuming Yang ◽  
Xiaoying Pu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Half Diallel

Genetic analysis of 4 major flavonoids in barley interspecific hybrids which were used as parents for half diallel crossingwas carried out. Compared with seven parents, the highest general combining ability of catechin content was Clipper barley, the higest general combining ability (GCA) of myricetin content were Schooner barley and Huangchangguang barley, the highest general combining ability of quercetin content were Ziguangmang barley and Kuanying barley, the highest general combining ability of kaempferol content were Ziguangmang barley and Schooner barley, the highest general combining ability of flavonoids are Schooner barley and Huangchangguang barley. The hybrid combination of a good matching were Clipper barley, Schooner barley, Ziguangmang barley and Kuanying barley, as a comprehensive general combining ability, specific combining ability, and combinations of which can be used as flavonoids in barley breeding.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Yield Related Traits in a Half Diallel Crosses of Some Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
FMA Haydar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Effect ◽  
Maize Populations ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Half Diallel

Inheritance of grain yield, heterosis and combining ability were investigated in maize populations obtained from half-diallel crossing among six inbred parental lines. General (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability effects were significantly different among parental lines. The grain yield was under the partial gene effect. The parents P1, P3 and P5were considered suitable according to their yield contributing attributes couple with general combining ability effects. The midparentheterosis values ranged from -27.246 (P2 xP5) to 15.209% (P1 xP2) whereas the better parent heterosis values varied between 22.375(P2x P3) to 40.363% (P2 x P5) only seven crosses had higher grain yields. Of those crosses, P1×P2, P2×P5 and P1×P3 were considered most promising hybrids yielding heterosis as 15.880%, 20.363% and 40.363 respectively over their parents. The Agriculturists 2020; 18(1) 18-25

scholarly journals Association of Heterotic Groups with Morphological Relationships and General Combining Ability in Eggplant

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Hatice Filiz Boyaci ◽  
Jaime Prohens ◽  
Abdullah Unlu ◽  
Emine Gumrukcu ◽  
Mehmet Oten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Multivariate Cluster ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Improved Characteristics

The identification of heterotic groups may provide an important advantage for hybrid eggplant (Solanum melongena) breeding. In this study, we evaluated the combining ability and heterotic patterns of eggplant lines in order to develop improved eggplant cultivars resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (FOM). A set of 62 inbred lines was evaluated with 32 morphological descriptors and their relationships were analyzed through a multivariate cluster analysis. A subset of 39 inbred lines was selected and, together with 15 sister lines, they were crossed with two testers to investigate their general combining ability (GCA) and to establish heterotic groups. Twenty selected inbred lines with high GCA were intercrossed using a half-diallel mating design. Eighty-two hybrids were obtained and evaluated for yield and yield components. We found no association between morphological distance and membership to specific heterotic groups. However, heterosis for yield was found in hybrids among parents from different heterotic groups or that were included in all heterotic groups. Among the hybrids evaluated, some were found to be highly productive and resistant to FOM, being candidates for the registration of new cultivars with dramatically improved characteristics.

Expected efficiencies of mating designs for reselection of parents

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1664-1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Burdon ◽  
J. P. van Buijtenen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Separate Study ◽  
Maximal Efficiency ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Advanced Generation ◽  
Partial Diallel

Expected efficiencies, in terms of genetic gain from reselection of parents (backwards selection), were compared for hierarchical mating, factorial, partial factorial, modified half diallel, and partial diallel crossing designs and polycrosses; this was done in parallel with a separate study of expected efficiencies for advanced-generation (forwards) selection, assuming a fixed-resources model of 100 parents and 10 000 offspring. The present study considered a single-trait case, with variable numbers of crosses per parent, varying heritability (h2) levels (h2 = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5), and varying ratios of specific combining ability to general combining ability variance (0, 0.5, and 1). Compared with the case of forwards selection, the relative efficiencies of the different designs were generally similar. Two notable exceptions were the comparative inefficiency of small, disconnected factorial sets for backwards selection and the generally high (but not always maximal) efficiency of polycrosses for this purpose.

Interaction between Helicoverpa armigera and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on the tropical pasture legume Stylosanthes scabra

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Wilson ◽  
Peter M. Room ◽  
Myron P. Zalucki ◽  
Sukumar Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Helicoverpa Armigera ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Helicoverpa Armígera ◽  
Stylosanthes Scabra ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Pasture Legume

Glasshouse experiments determined effects of a moth, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., on each other when attacking the same host plant, Stylosanthes scabra (Vog.) (Leguminosae) cv. Fitzroy. The host was treated with both organisms in 2 ways of succession and at 2 different life stages each. Larvae of the moth preferred to feed on healthy plants rather than plants recently infected with C. gloeosporioides, and preferred such newly infected plants to severely diseased ones. Adult female moths laid more eggs on healthy and recently infected plants than on diseased plants, when given a choice of all 3 plant types. Severity of anthracnose disease was neither promoted nor retarded by damage to leaves caused by larvae of the moth.

scholarly journals Half Diallel Analysis for Biochemical and Morphological Traits in Cultivated Eggplants (Solanum melongena L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1769
Author(s):  
Debi Rani Datta ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Azizah Misran ◽  
Mashitah Jusoh ◽  
Oladosu Yusuff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Fruit Diameter

Eleven morphologically diverse cultivated eggplant accessions were used for hybridization following half diallel mating design to obtain 55 hybrids. Evaluation of hybrids along with the parents was conducted over two locations followed by randomised complete block design with three replications to study gene action and combining ability of 15 morphological and biochemical traits. The analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among the environments and interaction of genotype and environment, except for fruit length to width ratio. Additive gene effects were significant for the inheritance of these traits and expression of these additive genes were greatly affected by environments. The general combining ability (GCA) was greater than their respective specific combining ability (SCA) for all traits except for fruit yield per plant. High values of GCA and SCA effects for characters of interest were dispersed among different genotypes. From this study it was observed that the best parental line was BT15 based on days to first flowering, total number of fruits per plant, total soluble solids and total phenol content. Besides, the parent BM5 showed good general combining ability effects for fruit yield per plant, fruit length and fruit length to width ratio and the parent BB1 performed good general combining ability for fruit diameter, fruit girth and fruit weight. Besides, other parents showed the best performance for only one trait. On the other hand, the hybrid BT6 × BT15 was reported bearing early flowering with high total phenol content and the hybrid BM9 × BB26 has high fruit yield with high soluble solids. Besides, the hybrid BM9 × BB1 has a high fruit diameter and fruit weight. All other hybrids except for these three (BT6 × BT15, BM9 × BB26 and BM9 × BB1) were shown the best performance for only one trait. Hence, based on the desired trait, the hybrid can be selected for future use after large scale evaluation.

scholarly journals Inheritance of resistance to root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) in wheat landraces and cultivars from the West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
N. P. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Half Diallel

The root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei causes substantial loss to bread wheat production in the northern grain region of Australia and other parts of the world. West Asia and North Africa (WANA) wheat accessions with partial resistance to P. thornei were analysed for mode of inheritance in a half-diallel crossing design of F1 hybrids (10 parents) and F2 populations (7 parents). General combining ability was more important than specific combining ability as indicated by components of variance ratios of 0.93 and 0.95 in diallel ANOVA of the F1 and F2 generations, respectively. General combining ability values of the ‘resistant’ parents were predictive of the mean nematode numbers of their progeny in crosses with the susceptible Australian cv. Janz at the F1 (R2 = 0.86, P < 0.001, 8 crosses), F2 (R2 = 0.83, P < 0.001, 9 populations) and F∞ (R2 = 0.71, P < 0.05, 5 doubled-haploid populations). The F2 and F∞ populations showed relatively continuous distributions. Heritability was 0.68 for F2 populations in the half-diallel of resistant parents and 0.82–0.92 for 5 ‘resistant’ parent/Janz doubled-haploid populations (narrow-sense heritability on a line mean basis). The results indicate polygenic inheritance of P. thornei resistance with a minimum of from 2 to 6 genes involved in individual F∞ populations of 5 resistant parents crossed with Janz. Morocco 426 and Iraq 43 appear to be the best of the parents tested for breeding for resistance to P. thornei. None of the P. thornei-resistant WANA accessions was resistant to Pratylenchus neglectus.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds on Runners of Garden Strawberry and its Backcrosses

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Giménez ◽  
James R. Ballington
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Main Design ◽  
Fragaria Virginiana ◽  
Nonadditive Effects ◽  
Half Diallel

Two half diallel mating designs were conducted to study the inheritance of resistance to Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds on runners of strawberry. The main design included six genotypes representing a range of responses to the pathogen: `Chandler' (very susceptible); FL 87-210 (tolerant); MS/US 541 (very resistant); NC 92-01 (Fragaria chiloensis Duch.) (resistant); NCH 87-10 (tolerant-susceptible); and NCC 89-39 (susceptible). The cross `Chandler' × MS/US 541 was absent. The secondary test included `Chandler' and selections FL 87-210 and NC 85-01 (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) (very resistant) as parents. Griffing's methods 4 and 2, model I, were used to test for combining ability in the main and secondary tests, respectively. General combining ability and specific combining ability were highly significant in all analyses. This study indicated that nonadditive effects are more important than additive effects in the inheritance of resistance of runners to anthracnose. The frequency distribution of lesion lengths within progenies suggests that resistance to C. acutatum on runners is quantitative. Therefore, breeding for resistance should be accomplished using progeny testing followed by individual selection within progenies.

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