Starch pasting properties and genetic relationships of wheat cultivars important to Victorian wheat breeding

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 861 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM McCormick ◽  
JF Panozzo ◽  
HA Eagles
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Starch Quality ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Paste Viscosity ◽  
Starch Paste

Starch quality, particularly high paste viscosity, is important in producing marketable wheat for several end uses. Peak starch paste viscosity was measured for 65 wheat cultivars significant to Victorian wheat breeding. Coefficients of kinship were calculated between these cultivars to assess their genetic relationships. In terms of paste viscosity, 15 of the 20 highest ranking cultivars were related. Currawa, a cultivar released in 1912, was the common ancestor and proposed source of high paste viscosity in this family of cultivars, which included the currently grown cultivar, Rosella. Most cultivars in the lower rank were closely related to WW15, which is a semi-dwarf parent from CIMMYT that was used extensively in Australian breeding programs in the past two decades. This survey provides information for choosing parental material for starch quality improvement and offers an explanation for the decrease in peak viscosity of modern Australian cultivars.

scholarly journals Validation of SSR Molecular Markers Linked to Drought Tolerant in Some Wheat Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-109
Author(s):  
Manal Eid
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Descriptors ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Germplasm Resource

The present study was carried out to conduct drought tolerance in three wheat cultivars including susceptible (Gemmiza7) and tolerant (Sakha93 and Sahel1). Molecular characterization was done by 26 SSR markers located on chromosome7 which was associated with drought tolerance in many previous studies. 26 SSR markers were polymorphic and thus showed 100% polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 3 alleles with an average (2.62). The polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged from 0.34 to 0.59, with a mean of 0.51. The discrimination power (Dp) value ranged between 0.67 and 0.78 with an average of 0.71 per locus and Heterozygosity (He) value varied from 0.44 to 0.67 with an average of 0.59. The genetic relationships estimated by the polymorphism of SSR markers revealed a greater level of genetic variability in wheat cultivars of wide adaptability and applicability. Whereas an average of combined probability value for the SSR markers was 6.15 x 10-16, suggests the capability of the marker system to distinguish identity and purity of wheat cultivars. In addition to the SSR markers revealed various bands that were either absent or present within tolerant cultivars (Sakha93 and Sahel1) which were altogether absent in susceptible cultivar (Gemmiza7). Also, SSRs of diagnostic and curatorial importance were discerned as ‘stand-alone’ molecular descriptors for barcoding the application of DNA sequences of standardized genetic markers for the identification of wheat cultivars. However, the genetic information in this study could provide useful information to address breeding programs and germplasm resource management.

scholarly journals Fifty years of wheat breeding in Southern Brazil: yield improvement and associated changes

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar Rodrigues ◽  
Julio César Barreneche Lhamby ◽  
Agostinho Dirceu Didonet ◽  
José Abramo Marchese
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Grain Yield Components ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of genetic breeding on grain yield, and to identify the physiological traits associated to the increment in yield and their related growth processes, for wheat cultivars grown in Southern Brazil, in the past five decades. Seven wheat cultivars released between 1940 and 1992, were compared for physiological aspects associated with grain yield. Grain yield, biological yield, biomass partitioning, harvest index and grain yield components were also determined. The number of grains per square meter was more affected by plant breeding and was better correlated with grain yield (r = 0.94, p<0.01) than with grain weight (r = -0.39ns). The higher number of grains per square meter was better correlated with the number of grains per spike in the modern cultivars than in the older ones. The genetic gain in grain yield was 44.9 kg ha-1 per year, reflecting important efforts of the breeding programs carried out in Southern Brazil. Grain yield changes, during the period of study, were better associated with biomass production (r = 0.78, p<0.01) than with harvest index (r = 0.65, p<0.01).

Haplotype analyses in wheat for complex traits: tracking the chromosome 3B and 7B regions associated with late maturity alpha amylase (LMA) in breeding programs

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. McNeil ◽  
D. Diepeveen ◽  
R. Wilson ◽  
I. Barclay ◽  
R. McLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Chromosome 3B

The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 7BL and 3BS from Halberd have been used as a major source of tolerance to late maturity α amylase (LMA) within Australian wheat breeding programs. New simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers identified from the sequencing of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) clones from the wheat cv. Renan library, and known SSRs, were used to characterise these major QTLs. The reduction or elimination of the LMA defect in wheat cultivars is a major goal for wheat breeding programs and is confounded by the complexity in measuring the trait unambiguously. In this haplotyping study focussing on two significant chromosomal regions, markers and combinations of markers were investigated for their ability to discriminate between 39 Australian and Mexican wheat lines differing in levels of LMA. Genetic relationships among these wheat lines estimated by cluster analysis of molecular marker data were combined with phenotypic information in order to calibrate the genotypes of the wheat lines against their LMA phenotype. It was evident that some SSRs from the respective QTLs had greater discriminating power than others to identify LMA phenotypes. Discrimination was not, however, absolute and a statistical analysis of the data defined a risk factor associated with particular combinations of alleles, for use in early selection or backcrossing.

scholarly journals Association mapping of Iranian wheat genotypes to detect QTLs conferring resistance to stem rust at seedling stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Saremirad ◽  
Mohammad Bihamta ◽  
Ali Malihipour ◽  
Khodadad Mostafavi ◽  
Hadi Alipour
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

Abstract Background Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is an important disease of wheat in the world. Pgt pathogen is constantly evolving and creating more virulent races that break down stem rust (Sr) resistance genes. As a result, many of Sr genes have become ineffective against new Pgt races. Exploring new sources of resistance to detect new Sr genes/QTLs is very important in order to introducing them into wheat breeding programs and developing resistant wheat cultivars. The objective of the present study was to evaluate 297 Iranian wheat genotypes for resistance to stem rust at seedling stage and to detect Sr resistance genes/QTLs through association mapping (AM). Results A set of 297 Iran bread wheat cultivars and landraces were evaluated for infection type and latent period in four race of Pgt. Genotypic data of 282 genotypes were available, so AM was performed based on 282 genotypes. The results of population structure analysis showed that 277 genotypes clearly were distinguished in the three subpopulations and the other five genotypes were classified in the mixed group. The mean linkage disequilibrium decreased with increasing genetic distance. The markers did not have a uniform distribution on the genomes, so the share of each of the A, B and D genomes in commercial cultivars and landraces was approximately 37, 46 and 17%, respectively. Collectively, 69 QTLs for infection type and 62 QTLs for latent period of studied Pgt races were identified in the original dataset (P ≤ 0.001). In the imputed SNPs dataset, the number of QTLs for infection type increased to 504 QTL and for latent period increased to 454 QTLs (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the Iranian wheat genotypes are valuable source resistance to stem rust. By incorporating these genotypes into wheat breeding programs and optimizing effective resistance genes, an important step can be taken to prevent the threat of and the disease to ensure food security. This study provides additional useful information for selection of resistant genotypes against the disease by improving marker-assisted selection efficiency.

scholarly journals Combination Capacity and Association Among Traits of Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alexsander Rigatti ◽  
Alan J. de Pelegrin ◽  
Carine Meier ◽  
Andrei Lunkes ◽  
Luís A. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait, because its expression is associated to the large number of genes with small effect. In addition, there is interaction among different yield components and environment effect, making difficult the direct selection of genotypes. The most viable alternative for wheat breeding programs, an autogamous plant, is use artificial crosses in order to obtain superior genotypes. Hybridization after use of successive self-fertilizations results in segregating populations, which reveal the genetic variability, especially when the parents are genetically different. Therefore, it is important to know genetic relationships between crosses, which will serve as reference for decision making in the choice of combinations. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are used, which facilitate choice of the best parents to compose crossover block. In addition to these parameters, path analysis can be used to determine importance of primary and secondary traits and to guide indirect selection of promising genotypes by means of interest traits.

scholarly journals Simple Inheritance of Partial Resistance to Leaf Rust in Six Spring Wheat Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki ◽  
Reda I. Omara ◽  
Nor-Eldin K. Soliman ◽  
Mohammed A. Najeeb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Selection Of

Leaf rust disease affects wheat stems, leaves, and grains can lead up to 20% loss in the yield. The promising wheat breeding programs focusing on developing cultivars that have high-yielding and are resistance in wheat-growing areas where leaf rust is common. The inheritance and genetic nature of partial resistance were studied in six parental Egyptian wheat cultivars i.e., Sakha-93, Gemmeiza-9, Gemmeiza-10, Gemmeiza-11, Sids-12, Sids-13, and their F1 and F2 crosses, using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The results proved that partial resistance to leaf rust disease in the wheat cultivars was quantitative trait loci, with the dominance effects being more pronounced in its genetic expression. This type of resistance was controlled by one, two or three gene pairs in the adult stage and the heritability in its broad-sense was generally high (ranging from 81.73% to 93.25%). This indicated that the selection of partial resistance materials in the early generation was possible, while it is more effective if delayed, due to the important role of the dominance effects in the expression of this trait.

LIFE CYCLE AND REPRODUCTION OF RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI (L.) (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON WHEAT IN THE LABORATORY1

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Foster ◽  
S. S. Stamenkovic ◽  
J. E. Araya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Light:Dark Cycle

The life span and reproduction of the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), was studied in chambers at 25 ± 0.5°C and a 12:12 hr light:dark cycle on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) cvs. Blueboy, Monon, Seneca, Knox 62, and Arthur 71, and oats (Avena sativa L.) cv. Clintland 64 (C64). The life cycle, wing formation, fecundity, and longevity of R. padi varied significantly among cultivars. Apterae and alatae longevity were similar on the same cultivar. Wingless R. padi lived for 24.9–29.6 days on wheat cultivars and 33.1 days on C64 oats. The alatae lived for 26.6–28.3 days on wheats and 33.2 days on C64 oats. Differences in the longevity of alatae were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) between C64 and the wheats Knox 62 and Seneca, as well as between Blueboy, Arthur 71, and Monon. On wheat, the reproductive period lasted longer in wingless (24.9–29.6 days) than in winged (26.6–28.3 days) aphids. Clintland 64 oats were the most suitable host for R. padi (apterae and alatae mean progeny of 38.7 nymphs per famale). On wheat, progeny production ranged from 6.4 nymphs on Seneca to 24.0 on Blueboy. The least suitable hosts for R. padi were the Seneca and Know 62 cultivars. These cultivars showed a relative antibiosis type of resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid. Selections from Seneca and Know 62 may be of use in wheat breeding programs for plant resistance against R. padi.

Development of robust PCR-based DNA markers for each homoeo-allele of granule-bound starch synthase and their application in wheat breeding programs

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. McLauchlan ◽  
F. C. Ogbonnaya ◽  
B. Hollingsworth ◽  
M. Carter ◽  
K. R. Gale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Starch Quality ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

The absence of expression of the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) allele from chromosome 4A of wheat is associated with improved starch quality for making Udon noodles. Several PCR-based methods for the analysis of GBSS alleles have been developed for application in wheat. A widely applied approach has involved a simple PCR followed by electrophoretic separation of DNA products on agarose gels. The PCR amplifies one band from each of the loci on chromosomes 4A (Wx-B1), 7A (Wx-A1), and 7D (Wx-D1), and the band from the Wx-B1 locus is diagnostic for the occurrence of the null Wx-B1 allele that is associated with improved starch quality. The reliable detection of the null Wx-B1 allele has been important in identifying wheat breeding lines. Allele-specific PCR has also been used to successfully detect the occurrence of the null Wx-B1 allele. In the present paper the various protocols were evaluated by testing a segregating double haploid population from a cross between Cranbrook and Halberd and the tests gave good agreement in different laboratories. The application of the DNAbased tests applied in wheat breeding programs provides one of the first examples of a molecular marker selection for a grain quality trait being successfully applied in an Australian wheat breeding program.

scholarly journals Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas9 and applications for wheat functional genomics and breeding

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Ligeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Functional Annotation ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
The World ◽  
World Food Security

AbstractCommon wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the three major food crops in the world; thus, wheat breeding programs are important for world food security. Characterizing the genes that control important agronomic traits and finding new ways to alter them are necessary to improve wheat breeding. Functional genomics and breeding in polyploid wheat has been greatly accelerated by the advent of several powerful tools, especially CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology, which allows multiplex genome engineering. Here, we describe the development of CRISPR/Cas9, which has revolutionized the field of genome editing. In addition, we emphasize technological breakthroughs (e.g., base editing and prime editing) based on CRISPR/Cas9. We also summarize recent applications and advances in the functional annotation and breeding of wheat, and we introduce the production of CRISPR-edited DNA-free wheat. Combined with other achievements, CRISPR and CRISPR-based genome editing will speed progress in wheat biology and promote sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Genetic architecture underlying the expression of eight α-amylase trypsin inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaoula EL Hassouni ◽  
Malte Sielaff ◽  
Valentina Curella ◽  
Manjusha Neerukonda ◽  
Willmar Leiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitors ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Close Physical Proximity ◽  
Major Qtl

Abstract Key message Wheat cultivars largely differ in the content and composition of ATI proteins, but heritability was quite low for six out of eight ATIs. The genetic architecture of ATI proteins is built up of few major and numerous small effect QTL. Abstract Amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are important allergens in baker’s asthma and suspected triggers of non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) inducing intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation. As studies on the expression and genetic architecture of ATI proteins in wheat are lacking, we evaluated 149 European old and modern bread wheat cultivars grown at three different field locations for their content of eight ATI proteins. Large differences in the content and composition of ATIs in the different cultivars were identified ranging from 3.76 pmol for ATI CM2 to 80.4 pmol for ATI 0.19, with up to 2.5-fold variation in CM-type and up to sixfold variation in mono/dimeric ATIs. Generally, heritability estimates were low except for ATI 0.28 and ATI CM2. ATI protein content showed a low correlation with quality traits commonly analyzed in wheat breeding. Similarly, no trends were found regarding ATI content in wheat cultivars originating from numerous countries and decades of breeding history. Genome-wide association mapping revealed a complex genetic architecture built of many small, few medium and two major quantitative trait loci (QTL). The major QTL were located on chromosomes 3B for ATI 0.19-like and 6B for ATI 0.28, explaining 70.6 and 68.7% of the genotypic variance, respectively. Within close physical proximity to the medium and major QTL, we identified eight potential candidate genes on the wheat reference genome encoding structurally related lipid transfer proteins. Consequently, selection and breeding of wheat cultivars with low ATI protein amounts appear difficult requiring other strategies to reduce ATI content in wheat products.

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