Use of isozyme phenotypes for rapid discrimination among sugarcane clones

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Gallacher ◽  
DJ Lee ◽  
N Berding
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Isozyme Variability ◽  
Rapid Discrimination ◽  
Hybrid Clones

Verification of cultivar identity is essential in routine plant breeding and associated research. The current study aimed to determine if scoring of isozyme phenotypes resolved with starch gel electrophoresis would provide a cheap, useful method of identifying sugarcane clones. One hundred Saccharum spp. hybrid clones selected at random from the Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations's (BSES1s) parental germplasm collection at Meringa were surveyed for 20 enzyme systems. Fully expanded leaf or non-chlorophyllic leaf spindle tissue of field grown plants was used. Three enzyme systems (alcohol dehydrogenase, peroxidase and phosphoglucomutase) jointly yielded 11 reliable, inter-clonally variable markers. Isozyme variability in the population sample surveyed was lower than had been observed in earlier studies of progenitor Saccharum spp. The remaining enzyme systems were invariant or could not be scored reliably. An average of 3-52 band differences per pair allowed separation of 97% of all possible pair-wise combinations. Complete discrimination of clones cannot be achieved with these markers, but they are reliable for checking identity of suspected mislabelled clones.

Isozyme markers in Saccharum spp. hybrids and Erianthus arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Lee ◽  
N. Berding ◽  
B. R. Jackes ◽  
L. M. Bielig
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Saccharum Spp ◽  
Isozyme Markers ◽  
Plant Improvement ◽  
Erianthus Arundinaceus ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Hybrid Clones

Verification of the authenticity of the hybrid origin of progeny from interspecific or intergeneric crossing in introgression studies in plant improvement is essential before usage of such progeny. This study undertook to determine whether isozyme phenotypes verified the hybrid origin of apparent crosses between a clone of Erianthus arundinaceus (Retz.) Jeswiet and several Saccharum spp. hybrid clones. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to resolve 18 isozyme systems for markers that would distinguish E. arundinaceus from Saccharum spp. hybrid clones. Eight isozyme systems revealed 16 bands that were present in E. arundinaceus but absent from the sugarcane parents. When a population of putative E. arundinaceus × Saccharum spp. hybrid progeny was screened using these isozyme systems, none of the clones expressed the bands characteristic of E. arundinaceus. Thus, their intergeneric nature was disproven.

scholarly journals 365 BIOSYSTEMATICAL CLASSIFICATION OF GENUS ROSA USING ISOZYME POLYMORPHISMS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 483c-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-ju Kim ◽  
David H. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Lithium Borate ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Isozyme Variability ◽  
Species Groups

Isozyme analysis has been used for cultivar identification, but little has been done with the genus Rosa. One hundred and sixty rose accessions (species, cultivars, and hybrids) were characterized for isozyme phenotypes using starch gel electrophoresis. Six enzyme systems were stained on three electrode buffer systems. ACP, MDH, and 6PGD were run on morpholine citrate (pH 6.1) and histidine (pH 5.7), PGI and PGM were run on histidine (pH 5.7) and lithium borate (pH 8.3), and SKDH was run on morpholine citrate (PH 6.1) and lithium borate (PH 8.3). The most variable isozymes were MDH and 6PGD. MDH and 6PGD revealed 10 and 9 bands, respectively. This study showed that isozyme variability exists in roses and can be useful in their classification into species groups.

Intraspecific genetic variability of isozymes in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus tomentosus

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Kenneth O. Higginbotham ◽  
Bruce P. Dancik ◽  
Stan Navratil
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Habitat Isolation ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Forest Regions ◽  
Starch Gel

Mycelial extracts of 43 isolates of Suillus tomentosus (Kauffm.) Singer, Snell & Dick collected from four boreal forest regions in Alberta were subjected to starch gel electrophoresis. A total of 21 bands was resolved from eight different enzyme systems presumably representing 13 loci. Six loci were polymorphic among these isolates. Cluster and principal components analyses demonstrated that intraspecific genetic variability of this fungus existed among and within forest regions. Polymorphic loci of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase exhibited the greatest genetic similarity among the isolates within forest regions. Habitat isolation and host selection could be the major sources of genetic variation among forest regions.

Isozyme Variation in Broom Snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanglin Hou ◽  
Tracy M. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Isozyme Analysis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Gutierrezia Sarothrae

Broom snakeweed, a perennial rangeland shrub, is highly variable morphologically and can grow under a broad range of environmental conditions. In this study, isozyme analysis using starch gel electrophoresis was used to quantify genetic variability within and among New Mexico populations of broom snakeweed. Eight separate populations of broom snakeweed and one population of threadleaf snakeweed as a comparison were investigated. of the 10 enzyme systems examined, 16 loci were identified in eight populations and two species. Eleven loci were monomorphic in eight populations and two species and five loci were polymorphic in at least one population or species. Genetic variability was large in broom and threadleaf snakeweed populations as determined by isozyme analysis. Genetic variability among broom snakeweed populations was greater than that within populations for the five polymorphic loci. Cluster analysis of genetic distance and identity for the eight populations and two species characterized two major groups. Within broom snakeweed, cluster analysis characterized five groups. The two species shared most common alleles. The genetic variation identified in this research may account for the morphological differences and broad geographical distribution of broom snakeweed.

scholarly journals Inheritance of Phosphoglucoisomerase in Fountain Grass

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-547
Author(s):  
M. Hockenberry Meyer ◽  
Donald B. White
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides ◽  
Slow Band ◽  
Growth Habits

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to screen 10 enzyme systems for variation in fountain grass, Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. plants exhibiting four different growth habits: dwarf(d), mound(m), prostrate(p), and upright (u). Only phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI; E.C. 5.3.1.9) was found to be polymorphic at one locus, PGI-2, and was expressed as two alleles, which appeared to be associated with growth habit. The dwarf form expressed one slow band (SS), the mound and prostrate forms exhibited one fast band (FF), and the upright form carried triple bands indicating a heterodimer (FS). Hybrids between FF and SS parents were detected as triple bands (FS). Three generations of progeny resulting from 16 crosses and selfs of these growth habits all followed the expected segregation ratios for typical Mendelian inheritance of this isozyme.

scholarly journals Isozymes for Cultivar Identification in Kiwifruit

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Messina ◽  
R. Testolin ◽  
M. Morgante
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cultivar Identification ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Discriminating Power ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Simultaneous Comparison

The usefulness of isozyme banding patterns as genetic markers in kiwifruit [Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson] was investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Fifty-four entries putatively belonging to seven female and two male kiwifruit cultivars were examined for 13 enzyme systems (AAT, ACO, GDH, G6PDH, IDH, MDH, ME, MNR, NDH, 6PGD, PGI, PGM, and SKDH). Four enzyme systems, ACO, MDH, NDH, and SKDH, showed identical banding patterns in all clones surveyed. Of the remaining enzymes, AAT, PGI, and PGM had the best discriminating power. Six enzyme systems (GDH, G6PDH, IDH, ME, MNR, and 6PGD), though showing polymorphic banding patterns, were poorly resolved. All the New Zealand cultivars were uniquely identified by the simultaneous comparison of the AAT, PGI, and PGM zymograms. Some enzyme systems were also polymorphic among plants within the same cultivar, thus proving the heterogeneity of kiwifruit material introduced into Europe in the early 1970s.

ELECTROPHORETIC ANALYSIS OF DIVERSITY WITHIN CUPRESSUS SEMPERVIRENS L. GROWING IN ISRAEL

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gabriel Schiller ◽  
Leonid Korol
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Viable Seeds

Isoenzyme variants withinCupressus sempervirensL. planted in Israel have been identified using starch gel electrophoresis of enzymes extracted from the megagametophytic and perisperm seed tissue. Single-tree cone collection from 493 trees growing in 27 populations at holy sites and in plantations planted at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century in the country was done in 1986–1987. In 1994 viable seeds were available from only 267; of them, 140 trees were phenotypically identified as var.pyramidalisand 67 as being of var.horizontalis; the other 60 trees were not identified phenotypically. The results gained show that in the plantedC. sempervirensL. under investigation 11 (47.8%) out of the 23 gene loci in 13 enzyme systems analyzed were polymorphic; they contain a relatively high gene diversity of 0.479. The genetic distance between the two varieties planted in Israel is 0.007. Differences in allele frequencies between the two varieties occurred only in 5 loci, viz., IDH2PGI2, MDH3, PGM1, and ACO1.

scholarly journals Growth and isoenzyme comparison of five isolates of Venturia inaequalis

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Roig ◽  
P. Neumann ◽  
J.-P. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Isoenzyme Patterns

Observation of the mycelial aspect of five isolates representing the fîve races of Venturia inaequalis indicates that it is possible to differentiate these isolates by their growth pattern and the isolate of race 3 appears to be the most easily distinguishable. Fifteen enzyme systems and non-specific proteins have been analyzed by polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis. Thirteen of the isoenzymes systems and non-specific proteins showed no variation among the five isolates. Esterases isoenzyme patterns allow separation of the isolates since only one isoenzyme is common to all isolates and two others are shared by isolates of race 1 and 5. One carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme was observed to be specific to the isolate of race 2.

scholarly journals Inheritance of ADH, 6-PGDH, PGM, and SKDH in Allium fistulosum L.

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Mangum ◽  
Ellen B. Peffley
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Shikimate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Starch Gel

Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis was used to study the inheritance of isozyme phenotypes of four enzyme systems [alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and shikimate dehydrogenase (SKDH)] in Allium fistulosum L. by monitoring segregations in backcross and F2 progeny. Segregation for most of the polymorphisms fit the expected Mendelian ratios as tested by the chi-square statistic. Three new isozyme loci were defined for onion. Two loci were found for 6-PGDH. Locus one was dimeric with two alleles, and locus two was monomorphic. SKDH was monomeric with two alleles.

scholarly journals Isozyme Polymorphisms in Carob Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tous ◽  
C. Olarte ◽  
M.J. Truco ◽  
P. Arús
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Ceratonia Siliqua ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Starch Gel

The variability of isozymes in nine enzyme systems was studied in 25 carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) cultivars using starch gel electrophoresis of leaf extracts. Five enzymes (phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglucoisomerase, aspartate aminotransferase, shikimic dehydrogenase, and aconitase) were polymorphic, making it possible for the 25 cultivars to be classified into eight phenotype categories.

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