Economic values of traits for pig improvement. II. Estimates for New Zealand conditions

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Skorupski ◽  
DJ Garrick ◽  
HT Blair ◽  
WC Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Production System ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Simulated Digestion ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

A computer model simulating life cycle production of a breeding sow and growth performance of her offspring was used to estimate economic values of reproduction and growth performance traits. The model simulated digestion and metabolism of dietary nitrogen in growing pigs (20 to 85 kg), based on the linear/plateau relationship between daily protein deposition and digestible energy intake. Economic values (EVs) of reproduction and growth performance traits were calculated by simulating effects of genetic changes in several biological components, in a farrow-to-finish production system, assuming ad libitum feeding. Results demonstrated that economic values of traits depended on the average genetic merit in the pig herd and its interaction with the management circumstances (level of feeding, nature of the diet, life cycle length) of the production system.

Economic values of traits for pig improvement. I. A simulation model

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Skorupski ◽  
DJ Garrick ◽  
HT Blair ◽  
WC Smith
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Ad Libitum

A computer model simulating life cycle production of a breeding sow and growth performance of her offspring was developed to estimate economic values of reproduction and growth performance traits. A biological growth model, simulating the digestion and metabolism of dietary nitrogen in growing pigs (20 to 85 kg), was part of the life cycle model. The growth model was based on the linear/plateau relationship between daily protein deposition and digestible energy intake. A farrow-to-finish production system, with slaughter pigs marketed at fixed liveweights, was simulated. Input variables were: gilt age at first oestrus, weaning to oestrus interval, number of pigs born alive per litter, and pre-weaning mortality for each parity. Economic inputs included prices of feed ingredients, carcass returns and non-feed costs. The upper limit to body protein deposition rate, mean daily ad libitum digestible energy intake and minimum lipid to protein deposition ratio were assumed the major genetic determinants of pig growth. The model output included average daily gain, ad libitum daily feed intake, backfat thickness, and life cycle reproductive performance and profit. The combined life cycle profit was expressed in the form of an Annualized Present Value. Life cycle profit was calculated for a range of simulated pig genotypes.

PSIV-11 Effects of Phytogenic Feed Additives on Growth Performance Traits of Finishing Swine

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 187-188
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Xue ◽  
Don W Giesting ◽  
Mark D Newcomb ◽  
Chad M Pilcher ◽  
Matthew J Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Commercial Research

Abstract This study was conducted at a commercial research facility and utilized 1,092 finishing pigs (PIC® 337 × Camborough®) in a RCBD with 3 dietary treatments to determine the effects of commercially available phytogenic feed additives on growth performance traits in finishing swine for the last 35 d prior to marketing. The dietary treatments were as follows: 1) Control; 2) Aromex Pro® (AP; Delacon) fed at 0.01%; and 3) Ambitine® (AM; PMI) fed at 0.1%. Pens with 13 pigs/pen and 0.66 m2/pig were randomly allotted to treatments on the basis of live weight and gender. Pigs had ad libitum access to corn-soy diets that met or exceeded the pig’s requirements (NRC, 2012). Aromex Pro® and Ambitine® were added to the diets at the expense of corn. Dietary treatments started on day 0 (BW = 97.7 kg; SEM = 1.04) and were fed throughout the 35 d trial period. On d 21, the two heaviest pigs per pen were marketed, while the remaining pigs in each pen were marketed on d 35. Pigs and feeders were weighed on d 0, 21, and 35. Data were analyzed by using PROC MIXED of SAS® version 9.4, and pen was the experimental unit. The model included the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of replicate. Pre-planned orthogonal contrasts were used to compare AP vs. Control and AM vs. Control. Feeding AP or AM for the last 35 d in finishing both improved (P < 0.05) ADG by 4%, ADFI by 3% and final BW by 1.6 kg over Control, but did not change feed to gain or mortality. These data demonstrate that phytogenic feed additives can improve growth performance traits in finishing swine.

204 An Investigation into the Role of Dietary Essential Fatty Acids Ratios and Linoleic Acid Level on Growth Performance and Inflammation of Grow-finish Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
Spenser Becker ◽  
Laura L Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Linoleic Acid Level

Abstract The objective was to investigate the effects of dietary linoleic acid level and the ratio of linoleic acid:linolenic acid (n6:n3) on the growth performance and inflammatory status of grow-finish pigs. A total of 300 growing pigs (BW = 41.1 ± 6.3 kg) were randomly assigned to either a high (30 g/kg; HLA) or low (15 g/kg; LLA) linoleic acid level with a high (20:1; HR), moderate (12:1; MR) or low (4:1; LR) n6:n3 in a 2 x 3 factorial design. Diets were fed across three 28-day phases and were balanced for dietary metabolizable energy. Pigs were housed 5 pigs per pen. Blood samples were collected on weeks 1, 3, 6, and 12, and synovial fluid was collected from the hock joint on weeks 1 and 12 for inflammatory marker analysis. Data were analyzed as repeated measures using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) with initial body weight as a covariate, pen as the experimental unit, and linoleic acid level, ratio, and their interaction as fixed effects. Compared to HLA, LLA pigs had increased BW (P < 0.05) at d56 (103.2 vs. 101.3kg) and tended to have increased BW at d84 (P < 0.10; 129.1 vs. 127.8kg). Pigs receiving LR tended to have higher d84 BW compared to MR (P < 0.10; 129.1 vs. 127.3kg). There was no effect of linoleic acid ratio interaction for growth performance. In phase 2, pigs receiving LR had higher feed intake (P < 0.05) compared to MR. Pigs receiving HR performed intermediate of LR and MR. Overall, C-reactive protein was reduced in the plasma of pigs receiving HLA (P < 0.05; 19.3 vs. 26.2mg/mL). Across all treatments, CRP was reduced in synovial fluid and plasma in week 12 vs. week 1 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, LLA and a low ratio of n6:n3 improved final pig BW, and HLA is potentially beneficial in improving inflammation.

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from a Traditional Nutrient-Rich Cambodian Diet Food Production System Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3660
Author(s):  
Rathna Hor ◽  
Phanna Ly ◽  
Agusta Samodra Putra ◽  
Riaru Ishizaki ◽  
Tofael Ahamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Production System ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Food Production System

Traditional Cambodian food has higher nutrient balances and is environmentally sustainable compared to conventional diets. However, there is a lack of knowledge and evidence on nutrient intake and the environmental greenness of traditional food at different age distributions. The relationship between nutritional intake and environmental impact can be evaluated using carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agricultural production based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The objective of this study was to estimate the CO2 equivalent (eq) emissions from the traditional Cambodian diet using LCA, starting at each agricultural production phase. A one-year food consumption scenario with the traditional diet was established. Five breakfast (BF1–5) and seven lunch and dinner (LD1–7) food sets were consumed at the same rate and compared using LCA. The results showed that BF1 and LD2 had the lowest and highest emissions (0.3 Mt CO2 eq/yr and 1.2 Mt CO2 eq/yr, respectively). The food calories, minerals, and vitamins met the recommended dietary allowance. The country’s existing food production system generates CO2 emissions of 9.7 Mt CO2 eq/yr, with the proposed system reducing these by 28.9% to 6.9 Mt CO2 eq/yr. The change in each food item could decrease emissions depending on the type and quantity of the food set, especially meat and milk consumption.

27 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and a Partial Life Cycle Assessment When Growing Pigs Are Fed High Wheat Millrun Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Agbee L Kpogo ◽  
Jismol Jose ◽  
Josiane Panisson ◽  
Bernardo Predicala ◽  
Alvin Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets on the global warming potential (GWP) of pork production was investigated. In study 1, a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of wheat millrun (0 or 30%) and multi-carbohydrase enzyme (0 or 1 mg kg-1) as main effects was utilized. For each of 16 reps, 6 pigs (60.2±2.2 kg BW) were housed in environmental chambers for 14d. Air samples were collected and analyzed for carbon dioxide (CO2); nitrous oxide (N2O); and methane (CH4). In study 2, data from study 1 and performance data obtained from a previous feeding trial were utilized in a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework that included feed production. The Holos farm model (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge. AB) was used to estimate emissions from feed production. In study 1, total manure output from pigs fed 30% wheat millrun diets was 30% greater than pigs on the 0% wheat millrun diets (P < 0.05), however, Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect greenhouse gas (GHG) output (CH4, 4.7, 4.9; N2O, 0.45, 0.42; CO2, 1610, 1711; mg s-1 without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P > 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG production (CH4, 4.5, 5.1; N2O, 0.46, 0.42; CO2, 1808, 1513; mg s-1 without or with enzymes, respectively; P > 0.51). In study 2, the LCA indicated that the inclusion of 30% wheat millrun in diets for growing pigs resulted in approximately a 25% reduction in GWP when compared to the no wheat millrun diets. Our results demonstrate that 30% wheat millrun did not increase GHG output from the pigs, and thus the inclusion of wheat millrun in diets of growing pigs can reduce the GWP of pork production.

scholarly journals Effects of Defatted Rice Bran Inclusion Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Different Body Weight Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Bingbing Huang ◽  
Huangwei Shi ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stage 1

This study was conducted to determine the effects of low-protein diet prepared with different levels of defatted rice bran (DFRB) and weight stages on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing–finishing pigs. The animal experiment included three stages. A total of 240 growing pigs with an initial body weight of 28.06 ± 8.56 kg for stage 1 were allocated to five diets including one control group and four DFRB diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% DFRB, respectively. The 192 crossbred pigs with initial body weights of 55.03 ± 7.31 kg and 74.55 ± 9.10 kg were selected for stage 2 and stage 3, respectively. Pigs were allocated to four diets including one control group and three DFRB diets supplemented with 10%, 15% and 20% DFRB, respectively. The results showed that with the increase in DFEB intake, the gain: feed was linearly increased (p < 0.05), and the average daily feed intake tended to linearly decrease (p = 0.06) in stage 1. Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of acid detergent fiber (ADF) in stage 3, levels of DFRB had significant effects on the ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF in three weight stages. In stage 1, with the increase in levels of DFRB, the ATTD of NDF and hemicellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 2, with the increasing levels of DFRB, the ATTD of DM, ash and cellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 3, the ATTD of GE, DM, ash, NDF and hemicellulose decreased linearly with the increase in levels of DFRB (p < 0.01). Collectively, DFRB could be used as a replacement for corns and soybean meal, and weight stage is important to consider when adjusting the additive proportion.

Towards a green and fast production system: Integrating life cycle assessment and value stream mapping for decision making

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 106519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Salvador ◽  
Murillo Vetroni Barros ◽  
Giovani Elias Tagliaferro dos Santos ◽  
Karen Godoi van Mierlo ◽  
Cassiano Moro Piekarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Production System ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Value Stream

scholarly journals Effects of Substitution of Corn with Ground Brown Rice on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gut Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Sheena Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Younghoon Kim ◽  
Hyeun Bum Kim ◽  
Minho Song
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with brown rice on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbiota of growing and finishing pigs. A total of 100 growing pigs (23.80 ± 2.96 kg BW; 10 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (5 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block = BW) as follows: corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON) and replacing corn with 50% (GBR50), 75% (GBR75), and 100% (GBR100) of ground brown rice. Each trial phase was for 6 weeks. During the growing period, there were no differences on growth performance and nutrient digestibility among dietary treatments. Similarly, no differences were found on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of pigs during the finishing period among dietary treatments. As a result of the beta diversity analysis, microbial populations were not clustered between CON and GBR100 during the growing phase, but clustered into two distinct groups of CON and GBR100 during the finishing phase. In conclusion, brown rice can be added to the diets of growing-finishing pigs by replacing corn up to 100% without negatively affecting growth performance of the pigs; additionally, this may have an effect on changes in pig intestinal microbiota if continued for a long time.

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