The influence of mixtures of Stylosanthes spp. accessions on the occurrence of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Davis ◽  
S Chakraborty ◽  
DF Cameron ◽  
JAG Irwin ◽  
RM Boland
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Long Term Studies

The effectiveness of using accession mixtures of Stylosanthes spp. to manage anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in pastures in northern Australia was examined during three consecutive years. Two mixtures containing six accessions were compared with the components grown as pure stands. No significant differences in anthracnose incidence (proportion of infected plants/plot) were indicated between the two mixtures and the mean incidence of their respective components grown in pure swards. Areas under the disease progress curves for the accessions were not significantly different between pure and mixed stands of the cultivars other than Seca and Verano. Resistant cultivar Seca developed more disease in a mixture than in a pure stand, and moderately resistant Verano had less disease in a mixture than in a pure stand. In the short term, no apparent anthracnose control advantage is achieved in highly susceptible accessions of Stylosanthes spp. when they are included in mixtures with less susceptible accessions. Long term studies involving grazing animals are necessary to adequately evaluate control of this disease through the use of mixtures.

scholarly journals Short-term Clinical Evaluation of Four Desensitizing Agents

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeleke O. Oginni ◽  
Adeyemi Oluniyi Olusile ◽  
Cornelius Tokunbo Bamise ◽  
Oluwole O. Dosumu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Desensitizing Agents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Studies

Abstract Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of four topical desensitizing agents in providing short-term relief of dentin hypersensitivity. Methods and Materials One hundred sixteen hypersensitive teeth with a positive response to intraoral testing for dentin hypersensitivity were included in this study. The four desensitizing agents tested were Duraphat™, 2% fluoride iontophoresis, copal varnish (CV), and Gluma™ Comfort Bond Plus Desensitizer. Following a specific regimen randomly determined desensitizing agents were applied in an alternating order when patients presented in a clinical setting with a complaint of hypersensitive teeth. A visual analogue scale was used to determine the degrees of hypersensitivity at three points in time. The first being just before the treatment to establish a baseline, then at 24 hours post-treatment, and the last at seven days post-treatment. Differences in the mean pain scores (MPS) between the baseline and post-treatment evaluation periods were used to determine the reduction in dentin hypersensitivity. Results At baseline the MPS for teeth treated with CV was 5.34 (SD: 2.39), Duraphat™ was 4.66 (SD: 1.82), Gluma™ was 6.03 (SD: 2.37), and iontophoresis was 5.76 (SD: 1.37). At 24 hours post-treatment the MPS for CV was 2.1 (SD: 0.95), Duraphat™ was 1.38 (SD;1.86), Gluma™ was 0.79 (SD;1.45), and iontophoresis was 1.62 (SD1.97). The reduction in dentin hypersensitivity at 24 hours (difference between baseline MPS and 24 hour MPS) was 5.28 for Gluma™, 4.14 for iontophoresis, 3.28 for Duraphat™, and 3.24 for CV which were all statistically significant (p<0.05). At seven days, the MPS for CV was 1.55 (SD: 1.44), Duraphat™ was 1.0 (SD;1.89), Gluma™ was 0.10 (SD;0.44), and iontophoresis was 0.3 (SD;0.98). Reduction of hypersensitivity between 24 hours and one week was 1.32 for iontophoresis, 0.69 for Gluma™, 0.55 for CV, and 0.38 for Duraphat™. Only the reductions for iontophoresis and Gluma™ were statistically significant at seven days (p<0.05). Conclusions All agents caused a statistically significant reduction in dentin hypersensitivity within 24 hours of treatment. Gluma™ performed best at 24 hours while iontophoresis appeared to have an edge at seven days. Long-term studies are needed to determine why this difference exists. Dentin hypersensitivity presents as an emergency condition requiring an effective means of providing immediate relief in the clinician's treatment armamentarium. Citation Olusile AO, Bamise CT, Oginni AO, Dosumu OO. Short-term Clinical Evaluation of Four Desensitizing Agents. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 January; (9)1:022-029.

Elevations in Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Normal Subjects after Receiving Short-Term Lithium Carbonate

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merlin V. Nelson ◽  
Vickie Tutag-Lehr ◽  
R. Lee Evans
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Rise ◽  
State Concentration ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Nine normal, healthy male subjects had significantly elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations while receiving oral lithium carbonate for two weeks. The mean minimum lithium serum concentration was 0.765 mEq/L. The TSH concentrations after 15 days on lithium were significantly correlated to the TSH concentration at baseline. No correlation was found between mean minimum lithium steady-state concentration and TSH concentration after 15 days on lithium. Further research is necessary to determine if a high baseline TSH concentration or an early rise in TSH will predict those patients who will eventually develop hypothyroidism after long-term lithium therapy.

scholarly journals A SLR Pre-Processing Algorithm Based on Satellite Signature Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 8880
Author(s):  
Bowen Guan ◽  
Cunbo Fan ◽  
Ning An ◽  
Ricardo Cesar Podesta ◽  
Dra Ana Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time ◽  
Satellite Signature Effect

As one of the major error sources, satellite signature effect should be reduced or even erased from the distribution of the post-fit residuals to improve the ranging precision. A simulation of satellite signature effect removal process for normal point algorithm is conducted based on a revised model of satellite response, which fully considers the structural and distribution characteristics of retroreflectors. In order to eliminate both long-term and short-term satellite signature effect, a clipping method for SLR data processing is proposed by defining the clipping location as 5.6 mm away from the mean value of the long-term fit residuals to select effective returns for normal points. The results indicate that, compared to normal points algorithm, the RMS per NP of LAGEOS-1 observation data processed by the clipping method is reduced from 62.90 ± 9.9 mm to 56.07 ± 4.69 mm, and the stability of RMS is improved 53%. This study improves the satellite signature effect model and simulates the fluctuation of normal points caused by satellite signature effect for the first time. The new method based on the simulation of satellite signature effect has stronger robustness and applicability, which can further minimize the influence of satellite signature effect on the SLR production and significantly improve the data property.

scholarly journals Early and long-term complications following transanal pull through Soave technique in infants with Hirschsprung's diseaseric infants with Hirschsprung's disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoochehr Ghorbanpour ◽  
Mohammad Ali Seyfrabie ◽  
Babak Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Hirschsprung's Disease ◽  
Hirschsprung’S Disease ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Case Series ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
The Mean

Objective. Patients undergoing Soave surgery for Hirschsprung's disease are at risk for some complications. The aim of this study was to investigate such short-term and long-term complications and evaluate the outcome of the operation in these patients. Methods. A case series study was carried out during the last 12 years, during 2007 to 2018 in Besat hospital of Hamadan. Data collection conducted using a checklist includes questions about demographic information, clinical features, and short-term and long-term complications, and consequences of post-operative surgery. The findings of the study were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and appropriate statistical tests. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. A total of 55 children underwent Soave surgery during the last 12 years in Besat Hospital Hamadan, Iran. The mean age of the patients was 38±10 days during surgery, of which 56.4% were female. The mean hospital stay was 7.3 days. Also, the mean weight of children at birth was 2970±447 gr. Most of the patients were born as NVD (52.7%) and term (74.5%). The most common comorbidity was congenital heart disease. The most common short-term complication was intestinal obstruction in 14 patients (25.5%) and the most frequent long-term complication was intestinal obstruction and constipation (27.3% each cases). The mortality rate of patients in this study was 14.5% in total. Conclusions. One stage surgical procedure in Hirschsprung's disease is a safe and effective method, but care should be taken in choosing patients and patients should be monitored for possible complications, so that they can be considered and implemented for proper treatment.

scholarly journals Creatine Use in Sports

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Butts ◽  
Bret Jacobs ◽  
Matthew Silvis
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Sports Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Long Term Studies

Context: The use of creatine as a dietary supplement has become increasingly popular over the past several decades. Despite the popularity of creatine, questions remain with regard to dosing, effects on sports performance, and safety. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was searched for articles published between 1980 and January 2017 using the terms creatine, creatine supplementation, sports performance, and dietary supplements. An additional Google search was performed to capture National Collegiate Athletic Association–specific creatine usage data and US dietary supplement and creatine sales. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Short-term use of creatine is considered safe and without significant adverse effects, although caution should be advised as the number of long-term studies is limited. Suggested dosing is variable, with many different regimens showing benefits. The safety of creatine supplementation has not been studied in children and adolescents. Currently, the scientific literature best supports creatine supplementation for increased performance in short-duration, maximal-intensity resistance training. Conclusion: While creatine appears to be safe and effective for particular settings, whether creatine supplementation leads to improved performance on the field of play remains unknown.

scholarly journals Mid-infrared evolution of η Carinae from 1968 to 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. L6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mehner ◽  
W.-J. de Wit ◽  
D. Asmus ◽  
P. W. Morris ◽  
C. Agliozzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
Circumstellar Dust ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Dust Extinction ◽  
Bolometric Luminosity ◽  
Very Large Telescope ◽  
Optical Wavelengths ◽  
The Mean

η Car is one of the most luminous and massive stars in our Galaxy and is the brightest mid-IR source in the sky outside our solar system. Since the late 1990s, the central source has dramatically brightened at UV and optical wavelengths. This might be explained by a decrease in circumstellar dust extinction. We aim to establish the mid-IR flux evolution and further our understanding of the star’s UV and optical brightening. Mid-IR images from 8−20 μm were obtained in 2018 with VISIR at the Very Large Telescope. Archival data from 2003 and 2005 were retrieved from the ESO Science Archive Facility, and historical records were collected from publications. We present mid-IR images of η Car with the highest angular resolution to date at the corresponding wavelengths (≥0.22″). We reconstruct the mid-IR evolution of the spectral energy distribution of the spatially integrated Homunculus nebula from 1968 to 2018 and find no long-term changes. The bolometric luminosity of η Car has been stable over the past five decades. We do not observe a long-term decrease in the mid-IR flux densities that could be associated with the brightening at UV and optical wavelengths, but circumstellar dust must be declining in our line of sight alone. Short-term flux variations within about 25% of the mean levels could be present.

Effectiveness of two tagging devices in the sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras ◽  
Julián López-Morell ◽  
Alberto M. Sabat
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pit Tag ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Pit Tags ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Studies

A reliable and harmless mark–recapture method provides valuable information for the management of commercial sea cucumber species. Nevertheless, marking and tracking sea cucumbers is notoriously difficult and represents a serious challenge. In this study, we tested one external and one internal tag in the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag was inserted into the coelomic cavity in one treatment, whereas a T-bar (external tag) was attached in the upper surface of the body wall in the other treatment; sea cucumbers were then followed for 17 weeks. The tagging procedure caused no evisceration in the experimental groups, nor was a significant difference in growth rate found between treatments. The retention of the PIT tag was low, with 100% lost by Week 9. Retention of T-bars was higher, with 90% still attached by the end of the Week 8, but retention decreased thereafter as T-bar absorption increased. No relationship was found between initial weight and the number of weeks PIT tags (r=–0.173, P=0.781) or T-bars (r=–0.220, P=0.652) were retained. Neither the T-bar nor the PIT tags fulfilled the requirements of high retention required for long-term studies. However, we do recommend the use of T-bars for short-term studies for H. grisea under laboratory conditions or in a habitat with low substrate complexity.

scholarly journals Supratentorial cavernous malformations adjacent to the corticospinal tract: surgical outcomes and predictive value of diffusion tensor imaging findings

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanxiang Lin ◽  
Fuxin Lin ◽  
Dezhi Kang ◽  
Yuming Jiao ◽  
Yong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Location

OBJECTIVEDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings may facilitate clinical decision making in patients with supratentorial cavernous malformations adjacent to the corticospinal tract (CST-CMs). The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of preoperative DTI findings for surgical outcomes in patients with CST-CMs.METHODSA prospectively maintained database of patients with CM referred to the authors' hospital between September 2012 and October 2015 was reviewed to identify all consecutive surgically treated patients with CST-CM. All patients had undergone sagittal T1-weighted anatomical imaging and DTI before surgery. Both DTI findings and clinical characteristics of the patients and lesions were analyzed with respect to surgery-related motor deficits. DTI findings included lesion-to-CST distance (LCD) and the alteration (i.e., deviation, interruption, or degeneration due to the CM) of CST on preoperative DTI images. Surgery-related motor deficits at 1 week and the last clinic visit (≥ 3 months) after surgery were defined as short-term and long-term deficits, respectively. Preoperative and final modified Rankin Scale scores were also analyzed to identify the surgical outcomes in these patients.RESULTSA total of 56 patients with 56 CST-CMs were included in this study. The mean LCD was 3.9 ± 3.2 mm, and alterations of the CST were detected in 20 (36.7%) patients. One week after surgery, 21 (37.5%) patients had short-term surgery-related motor deficits, but only 14 (25.0%) patients had long term deficits at the last clinical visit. The mean patient follow-up was 14.7 ± 10.1 months. The difference between preoperative and final modified Rankin Scale scores was not statistically significant (p = 0.490). Multivariate analysis showed that both short-term (p < 0.001) and long-term (p = 0.002) surgery-related motor deficits were significantly associated with LCD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve results were as follows: for short-term surgery-related motor deficits, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.860, and the cutoff point was LCD = 2.55 mm; for long-term deficits, the AUC was 0.894, and the cutoff point was LCD = 2.30 mm. Both univariate (p = 0.012) and multivariate (p = 0.049) analyses revealed that CST alteration on preoperative DTI was significantly correlated with short-term surgery-related motor deficits. On univariate analysis, deep location of the CST-CMs was significantly correlated with long-term motor deficits (p = 0.016). Deep location of the CST-CMs had a trend toward significance with long-term motor deficits on the multivariate analysis (p = 0.060).CONCLUSIONSTo facilitate clinical practice, the authors propose that 3.00 mm (2.55 to ∼3.00 mm) may be the safe LCD for surgery in patients with CST-CMs. A CST alteration on preoperative DTI and a deep location of the CST-CM may be risk factors for short- and long-term surgery-related motor deficits, respectively. A randomized controlled trial is needed to demonstrate the predictive value of preoperative DTI findings on surgical outcomes in patients with CST-CMs in future studies.

Long- and short-term in vitro D-dimer stability measured with INNOVANCE D-Dimer

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (02) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Böhm-Weigert ◽  
Thomas Wissel ◽  
Heidrun Muth ◽  
Bettina Kemkes-Matthes ◽  
Dirk Peetz
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Repeated Freezing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
D Dimer

Summary In vitro D-dimer stability in plasma is widely assumed, but has not yet been documented by systematic studies using samples covering a wide range of D-dimer. We investigated the short- and long-term stability of D-dimer in clinical citrated plasma samples with normal and pathological levels. The short-term stability was analysed by measuring D-dimer fresh, after storage of plasma for 4 hours at room temperature (RT) and after an additional 24 h storage at +2 to +8°C (n=40). Long-term stability samples (n=40) were measured fresh and after storage for 19, 25 and 36 months at ≤-60°C. The effect of repeated freezing was analysed by measuring samples (n=50) fresh and after four consecutive freeze-thaw cycles. D-dimer was measured on the BCS System using the INNOVANCE D-Dimer assay (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Marburg, Germany). D-dimer values at baseline ranged from 0.23–22.2 mg/l FEU. The mean percentage change after storage for 4 hours at RT and additional 24 hours at +2 to +8°C was +3.8% and +2.7%, respectively. The mean percentage change after frozen storage for 19, 25 and 36 months at ≤-60°C was –11.7%, –4.8% and –9.3%, respectively. The small decrease of D-dimer values after frozen storage was not time-dependent. Repeated freezing did not significantly alter D-dimer values (mean change ≤5%). The data demonstrate stability of D-dimer in plasma prior to freezing for up to 4 hours at RT and for up to 24 hours at +2 to +8°C as well as in plasma stored for up to three years at ≤-60°C.

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