Field studies of cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Response of cvv. Russet Burbank and Kennebec to two double superphosphates of different cadmium concentration

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
AA Salardini ◽  
AC Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Cd Removal

Separate field experiments were conducted with Russet Burbank and Kennebec potatoes on a basaltic krasnozem where tuber cadmium (Cd) responses were examined over three rates of banded phosphorus (P), supplied as double superphosphate (DSP) containing either 15 or 90 mg Cd kg-1. In both cultivars, tuber Cd concentrations increased with rate of DSP. This response was due more to the amount of P supplied in the DSP than the amount of Cd supplied in the DSP and may be a result of banded P encouraging root proliferation in the fertilizer band. Even with DSP at 15 mg Cd kg-1, Cd additions at rates of DSP needed for high yields were 6-20 times higher than corresponding rates of Cd removal in tubers. Examination of data from all studies of Cd in Russet Burbank on Tasmanian krasnozems showed a significant relationship between petiole and tuber Cd concentrations, but the estimation of a petiole concentration associated with the critical tuber Cd concentration in Australia was subject to unacceptable uncertainty due to variation between sites.

Field studies of cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) I. Effects of lime and phosphorus on cv. Russet Burbank

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
AA Salardini ◽  
AC Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Cd Availability

Field experiments were conducted at three sites on basaltic krasnozems to examine cadmium (Cd) responses of Russet Burbank potatoes to different rates of broadcast lime and banded phosphorus (P). Double superphosphate (DSP, containing 15 and 90 mg Cd kg-1) and triple superphosphate (TSP, 12 mg Cd kg-1)) were the sources of P. In a fourth experiment, lime was banded with the basal fertilizer. Despite producing a range of topsoil pH (1:5 H20) of 5.2 to 7.1, broadcast lime had no effect on tuber Cd concentrations. Lime had no effect when banded with the basal fertilizer, and the practice did not adversely affect yields. With broadcast lime, Cd availability from the fertilizer band may have been unaffected. However, there were also no lime x P interactions at any site, suggesting that lime also had no effect on the availability of Cd in the soil. It is possible that Tasmanian krasnozems, with their high organic matter and iron oxide content, restrict the availability of Cd in the soil such that pH change exerts little net influence on Cd availability. Increasing amounts of Cd applied in P fertilizer increased tuber Cd concentrations significantly, but the increases were less per unit of P than those found previously when TSP with 151 mg Cd kg-1) was used.

Response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank) to band-placed and broadcast high cadmium phosphorus fertiliser on heavily cropped krasnozems in north-western Tasmania

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
KSR Chapman ◽  
D Parsley ◽  
PR Hardman ◽  
B Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Tuber Size Distribution ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
North Western

Four field experiments were conducted to examine the yield response and cadmium (Cd) concentration of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) grown with banded or broadcast phosphorus (P) fertiliser at rates up to 240 kg P/ha. The Cd content of the triple superphosphate (TSP) was 151 mg/kg. All 4 sites were on intensively cropped, high P-fixing krasnozem soils in north-western Tasmania, with concentrations of Colwell-extractable P ranging from 112 to 210 mg/kg. All sites showed economic yield responses to banded P, but broadcast P was much less effective except at the site where the response to banded P was least. Yield responses came mostly through increased tuber number, but at 1 site the tubers were also bigger. There was no effect of P on tuber size distribution or specific gravity. Increasing rates of banded TSP increased tuber Cd concentrations by 50-300% at the 3 sites where they were measured; broadcast TSP had little effect. Tubers from the site with pH 6.0 had much higher Cd concentrations than those from the sites with pH 6.5 and 6.6. Petiole Cd concentrations were about 5 times greater than tuber concentrations.

Field studies of cadmium in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). III. Response of cv. Russet Burbank to sources of banded potassium

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Sparrow ◽  
AA Salardini ◽  
J Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Soil Adsorption

Six field experiments were conducted where Russet Burbank potatoes were grown with banded fertilizer consisting of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and either potassium sulfate (K2S04) or potassium chloride (KCl). At each site, rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were matched as closely as possible for each K fertilizer treatment. At four of the six sites, potatoes grown with K2S04 had tuber and petiole cadmium (Cd) concentrations 20-30% lower than did potatoes grown with KCl. The use of K2S04 instead of KCl appears to offer considerable promise as a means of decreasing tuber Cd uptake. Sulfate ions presumably promote increased soil adsorption of soil and/or fertilizer Cd compared with chloride ions, and so decrease Cd availability. We attributed the lack of difference in tuber and petiole Cd between K sources at two sites to either leaching, chloride in irrigation water, or at one site to a higher than desired rate of NPK fertilizer with the sulfate treatment. Any one of these may have offset decreases in Cd uptake due to the presence of sulfate ions.

Effects of nitrogen fertiliser on potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Russet Burbank) in Tasmania. 1. Yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
K. S. R. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Thirteen field trials were conducted on ferrosols and tenosols in Tasmania to assess the response of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Russet Burbank) to basal (up to 250 kg/ha) and topdressed (up to 100 kg/ha) nitrogen fertiliser. Economic yield responses to basal nitrogen were obtained at 9 sites. Topdressing did not increase yield compared with equivalent rates of basal nitrogen, and often failed to compensate for a lack of nitrogen applied at planting. This lack of response may reflect the inability of the potato crop to make use of nitrogen applied during tuber bulking. Nitrogen fertiliser decreased tuber specific gravity at several sites. The effects of nitrogen on misshapen tubers, bruising susceptibility, crisp colour and hollow heart were inconsistent and often of no practical importance. However, at 2 sites, nitrogen fertiliser increased yields of misshapen tubers at the expense of processing tuber yields. At 1 of these sites, nitrogen topdressing decreased the yield of misshapen tubers. Otherwise, topdressing had similar effects on tuber quality to those of basal nitrogen. Growers should fertilise with nitrogen to optimise their yields. Optimum rates were greater in paddocks that had been continuously cropped for more than 10 years (average rate 193 kg/ha), than in those that had been in pasture (average rate 48 kg/ha).

scholarly journals Sources of Tyrosine in Genotypes of Solanum tuberosum L. Differing in Capacity to Produce Melanin Pigments

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Sabba ◽  
Bill B. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Chorismate Mutase ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Tuber Protein

Potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) of genotypes that vary in resistance to dark pigment formation when damaged, characteristic of the physiological disorder blackspot, were assayed for free tyrosine. The tubers were also assayed for relative levels of chorismate mutase and proteinase activities, which can regulate free tyrosine levels. The susceptibility of potato tubers to blackspot was shown to be correlated to the amount of free tyrosine by third order regression (R = 0.88). Tyrosine was found to be a limiting factor in pigment development. Chorismate mutase activity (CMI and CMII) was not correlated to blackspot susceptibility of the genotypes studied. Proteinase activities of Atlantic, TXA 763-5, Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, and Lemhi Russet tuber protein extracts measured with synthetic substrates correlated with blackspot susceptibility. This suggests that the high free tyrosine levels associated with blackspot susceptibility may be due to high levels of proteinase activity in the tuber, rather than tyrosine synthesis.

Effect of rate and timing of potassium chloride application on the yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’)

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona M. Mohr ◽  
Dale J. Tomasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Soil Test K

Mohr, R. M. and Tomasiewicz, D. J. 2012. Effect of rate and timing of potassium chloride application on the yield and quality of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Russet Burbank’). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 783–794. Potassium is frequently applied to irrigated potato in Manitoba. Field experiments were conducted at two sites in each of 2006, 2007 and 2008 to assess effects of rate and timing of potassium chloride (KCl) application on the yield, quality, and nutrient status of irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum ‘Russet Burbank’) in southern Manitoba. Preplant application of KCl increased total and marketable yield at one site, and tended (0.05<P ≤ 0.10) to increase total and marketable yield at three additional sites. At three of the four K-responsive sites, soil test K levels were <200 mg NH4OAc-extractable K kg−1, the level below which K fertilizer is recommended based on existing guidelines. Effects of timing of KCl application on total and marketable yield were limited although, averaged across sites, KCl applied at hilling reduced the yield of small tubers (<85 g) and increased the proportion of larger tubers (170 to 340 g) compared with preplant application. Averaged across sites, KCl applied preplant or at hilling reduced specific gravity compared with the 0 KCl treatments. Improvements in fry colour with KCl application were evident at only one site. Petiole and tuber K and Cl− concentration, K and Cl− removal in harvested tubers, and post-harvest soil test K concentration increased with KCl application. However, petiole K concentration measured 82 to 85 d after planting predicted only 24% of the variability in relative marketable yield for sites containing between 164 and 632 mg NH4OAc-extractable K kg−1 to 15 cm. Results demonstrate the potential for yield increases and specific gravity declines with KCl application under Manitoba conditions, but suggest that further research will be required to better predict the potential for yield responses using soil and petiole testing.

scholarly journals Kandungan Nitrogen dan Bobot Biji Kentang yang Diberi Pupuk Organik Difermentasi, Azospirillum Sp., dan Pupuk Nitrogen di Cisarua, Lembang, Jawa Barat

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
. Nurmayulis ◽  
. Maryati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Optimal Rate ◽  
Optimum Rate ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A research was conducted to study response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plant to the application of  fermented organic matter (‘porasi’) (0, 7.5, 15.0, and 22.5 t ha-1), without or with inoculation of Azospirillum sp., and N fertilizer (0, 86, 172, and 258 kg ha-1 N) and also to determine optimal rate of application of ‘porasi’ and N fertilizer without or with inoculant Azospirillum sp.  Field experiments were carried out in Cisarua, Lembang West Java, from June 2003 to Nov. 2003.  The experiments were done in a Randomized Block Design of factorial pattern of three factors, were replicated three times.  Results of the experiments showed that: (1) N contents were higher as rates of ‘porasi’ and N fertilizer increased and with inoculation of Azospirillum sp.,  whereas the highest N concentration was obtained due to application of 22.5 t ha-1 ‘porasi’ with inoculation of  Azospirillum sp. and application of N fertilizer of 258 kg ha-1, and (2) the optimum rate of  ‘porasi’ and N fertilizer without inoculation of Azospirillum sp. was 15.287 t ha-1 and 228.519 kg ha-1 N, respectively, to obtain maximum yield of 6.028 kg per plot or 25.117 t ha-1, whereas with inoculation of  Azospirillum sp. the optimum rate of ‘porasi’ and N fertilizer was 16.464 t ha-1 and 190.110 kg ha-1 N,  respectively, with maximum yield of 6.493  kg per plot or 27.054  t ha-1.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) by Fluazifop

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agropyron Repens

In greenhouse and field studies, fluazifop {(±)-2-[4-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]phenoxy] propanoic acid} controlled quackgrass [Agropyron repens(Beauv.) # AGRRE] in potato (Solanum tuberosumL. ‘Russet Burbank’). Quackgrass control with fluazifop at 0.25 and 0.5 kg ai/ha in the greenhouse was greatest with application at the two-leaf stage compared with the four-and six-leaf stages. Control was not affected by rhizome length, with similar control obtained of plants grown from 2- and 10-node rhizome pieces. Removal of quackgrass shoots at 6 or 24 h after treatment resulted in decreased control at application rates of 0.25 and 0.5 kg/ha. Fluazifop at 0.5 kg/ha controlled quackgrass treated at the four-leaf stage. The active enantiomer of fluazifop at half the rate of the racemic mixture controlled the quackgrass to the same extent. Fluazifop did not affect potato yield.

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