Cell proliferation in the wool follicles of fleeceweight selected and control Romney rams

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Kelly ◽  
PM Haris ◽  
MJ Birtles ◽  
DW Dellow ◽  
AJ Hall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Circumflex Artery ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Infusion Period

Two year old Romney rams from the Massey University fleeceweight-selected (FW) and control (C) lines, five from each line, were given arterial catheters into a branch of the deep circumflex artery on each side of the sheep, to permit local infusion into patches of skin on each lateral abdominal flank. One side of each sheep was infused with saline to give a direct FW v. C comparison, while the other side was infused with low levels of either growth hormone, thyroxine, prolactin or insulin for 4 days. At the end of the infusion period, biopsy samples were taken from each flank for measurement of follicle activity, particularly bulb cell proliferation using intracutaneous injections of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrDU). After a period of recovery, the saline and treated sides were reversed and another series of infusions were performed and biopsies undertaken. Wool from the FW sheep had greater fibre length growth rate and fibre diameter than the C wool (P < 0.05). This was associated with larger follicle bulbs (P < 0.05) and greater numbers of BrDU labelled cells (P < 0.05) in the bulbs of the FW skin. In a restricted number of samples from two sheep, where BrDU was successfully given as repeated intracutaneous injections into the same site (one at 72 h and one at 6 h prior to biopsy), 55-60% of the numbers of BrDU cells in a section of bulb appeared in a section of the shaft of the same follicle. When converted to three dimensions, the efficiency of labelled bulb cell movement into the shaft was 30-40%. Hormonal infusions showed few significant effects with the restricted numbers of animals in each treatment. Thyroxine reduced the size of follicle bulbs (P <0.05) and the numbers of labelled bulb cells in skin from the infused area.

The influence of selection and plane of nutrition on the components of fleece weight in Merino sheep

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Dun
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Character ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
High Level

The components of clean fleece weight were examined in five experimental flocks of medium-wool Peppin Merinos. Four single-character selection groups – clean fleece weight plus, clean fleece weight minus, crimps per inch plus, and crimps per inch minus – were examined by measuring fleece production in 18-month-old ewe progeny. Measurements were also made on progeny from the "nucleus" flock, which was selected for clean fleece weight with subsidiary selection for crimps per inch and against fold score. Data were collected in 1952 and 1954. The 1954 figures were obtained from a nutrition experiment in which sheep mere grown from weaning to 18 months on a high and on a low plane of nutrition. The mean measurements of the components of clean fleece weight (W) were compared between flocks using the "percentage deviation" technique. Four comparisons were made: (1) Nucleus/Fleece minus; (2) Fleece plus/Fleece minus; (3) Crimps minus/Crimps plus; (4) high nutritional plane/low nutritional plane. In comparisons (1) , (2), and (3), difference in weight of wool per unit area of skin (w) accounted for nearly all the difference in W. Body weight (S) made a small contribution while difference in fold score (R) was negligible. Fibre density (N) accounted for +86 per cent., and fibre cross-sectional area (A) for –28 per cent., of the difference in W in comparison (1). In comparison (2) the figures were N +47 per cent., A +21 per cent., while the figures for comparison (3) were N –26 per cent., A +121 per cent. The increase in fleece weight was invariably accompanied by a decrease in crimps per inch. In all three comparisons primary density (P) was the major cause of change in N. Fibre length (L) made a uniform contribution of approximately +15 per cent. in the three comparisons.The relative importance of the components of fleece weight was similar at both high and low levels of nutrition.The effect of a high level of nutrition was to produce large increases in A, L, and S. The increase in S was compensated by an equal decrease in P. The increase in fibre diameter was not associated with any change in crimps per inch.

The effects of intradermal injections of spermidine on the growth rate of fibres and mitosis of wool follicles in Merino lambs

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Liu ◽  
A. Murray ◽  
A. C. Schlink ◽  
G. Mata ◽  
D. G. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
High Doses

AbstractPolyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are required for optimal growth in all cells, and are essential for cell proliferation and growth of cultured wool follicles, with an optimal concentration of spermidine required for the fibre elongation. The effects of a local supply of exogenous spermidine on the rate of cell division in the wool follicles, the length growth rate and diameter of fibres were therefore examined in Merino lambs. Three groups of eight lambs (40 kg) were given food at 1·2 ✕ maintenance. Spermidine was injected intradermally into a small patch (3 ✕ 3 cm) on the left flank three times per day for 7 days at one of three concentrations: 1·38, 2·75 or 4·58 џmol in 0·8 ml volume. The same volume of saline was injected into the contralateral side as a control. The concentration of spermidine in the skin patch 3 h after injection on day 7 increased by proportionately 018, 0·33 or 0·41 (P < 0001) respectively. The rates of cell division in the follicle bulb 3 h after the spermidine injection were proportionately 0104, 0184 and 0·283 higher compared with the contralateral side (P = 0078 overall) for the low, medium and high doses of spermidine respectively and differed between the three doses (P < 005). The fibre length growth rate, as measured using autoradiography, was proportionately 0099, 0117 and 0156 higher than that of the contralateral side (P < 0001 overall) for the low, medium and high doses of spermidine respectively, but differences between doses were not significant (P > 005). Spermidine injection did not result in a significant change in fibre diameter during the treatment period. The ratio of fibre length growth rate to fibre diameter was increased by the injection of spermidine (P < 0001). The results suggest that injecting extra spermidine into the skin altered spermidine homeostasis in the skin, stimulated cell proliferation and resulted in increased fibre growth.

Tunicamycin reduces wool growth by slowing the mitotic activity of wool follicles

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Davies ◽  
I. H. Williams ◽  
C. L. White ◽  
J. E. Hocking Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Wool Follicle ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Annual Ryegrass Toxicity

Reductions in wool growth have previously been observed in ewes exposed to low levels of corynetoxins, the causal agents of annual ryegrass toxicity. In this experiment, tunicamycin, a commercially available and closely related toxin, was infused into an isolated area of skin on the abdominal flank. Eleven sheep were continuously infused for 5 days with saline on one side and a total dose of either 35 or 350 µg tunicamycin/kg affected skin on the other side. Both fibre length (P < 0·05) and fibre diameter (P < 0·01) were reduced by tunicamycin treatment. Cell division in the wool follicle bulb was also reduced by tunicamycin (P < 0·005), indicating that the toxin is able to have a direct effect on the follicles and their ability to produce wool. The permeability of the vascular system increased in the skin tissue treated with tunicamycin, but only at the highest toxin dose (P < 0·05); therefore, poor nutrient supply to the follicle may be a minor contributor to reduced wool growth. The direct effect of tunicamycin on the wool follicle explains why wool growth is reduced by low levels of corynetoxins independently of, and prior to, effects on the whole animal.

A Cross-National Analysis of Political Personalization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Rahat ◽  
Ofer Kenig
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The chapter presents an integrated cross-national analysis of political personalization in all our twenty-six countries. The two indicators of personalization online stand apart in terms of the incidents of depersonalization. An examination of the relationship between the three dimensions finds personalization especially in the institutional realm. In the other two dimensions, media and behavior, most cases are of personalization, but many indicate no trend or depersonalization. A comparison by country illustrates that, except for the cases of extreme personalization in Italy and Israel and a few cases of depersonalization, especially in Switzerland, most countries experience moderate–low or low levels of personalization. Most explanations for variance are ruled out. A moderately negative correlation is found between national levels of self-expression and national levels of political personalization. The chapter ends with a review of the claims raised in the literature about the consequences of political personalization.

A study of some wool traits in two coarse wool breeds and their reciprocal crosses

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Guirgis ◽  
N. T. Kazzal ◽  
M. S. Haddadine ◽  
R. K. Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Diameter Fibre ◽  
The Mean

SummaryIn a study of two coarse wool breeds (Awassi and Karadi) and their reciprocal crosses, data were obtained on the mean fibre length, mean fibre diameter, fibre type ratio, medullation and on the effect of some environmental factors on these traits. Reciprocal crosses showed intermediate values, in growth rate of fibres, percentages of fibre types and medullation, between those of the parental breeds. Sex exhibited a significant effect at weaning only, on fibre length. Heterosis in fibre length, at the two ages, was small and negative. Maternal influence on fibre length was small and not significant. Fibre length in Karadi sheep showed the highest frequency of bimodal distribution whereas Awassi showed the lowest. Awassi × Karadi was closer to Karadi and Karadi × Awassi had greater affinity to Awassi in the frequency of samples showing bimodal distribution.Reciprocal crosses had larger diameter, at weaning, than those of the parental breeds. At 1 year of age they assumed an intermediate position between the pure bred parents.At weaning, the two reciprocal crosses showed a highly significant heterosis in fibre diameter; its value decreased with advancing age and it showed no significant effect at 1 year of age.Maternal influence on fibre diameter was very small and not significant.Karadi × Awassi and Karadi samples had the highest percentage of samples showing bimodal distribution of fibre diameter.Samples with bimodal distribution of both length and diameter, indicating two coats, had the highest frequency in Karadi followed by Karadi × Awassi; Awassi showed the lowest value.Percentages of fine, coarse and kemp fibres were significantly affected by breed and age of dam. Type of birth showed a significant effect only on percentage of coarse fibres.Karadi wool might be more suitable for carpet manufacturing. It excelled the other groups in the bimodal distribution of both length and diameter as well as in medullation. Cross-breeding increased the bimodality of fibre distribution.

Prothrombin Time Standardization: Report of the Expert Panel on Oral Anticoagulant Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1114 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Point Of Intersection ◽  
And Control ◽  
Standardization Report

SummaryIn collaborative experiments in 199 laboratories, nine commercial thromboplastins, four thromboplastins held by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBS & C), London and the British Comparative Thromboplastin were tested on fresh normal and coumarin plasmas, and on three series of freeze-dried plasmas. One of these was made from coumarin plasmas and the other two were prepared from normal plasmas; in each series, one plasma was normal and the other two represented different degrees of coumarin defect.Each thromboplastin was calibrated against NIBS&C rabbit brain 70/178, from the slope of the line joining the origin to the point of intersection of the mean ratios of coumarin/normal prothrombin times when the ratios obtained with the two thromboplastins on the same fresh plasmas were plotted against each other. From previous evidence, the slopes were calculated which would have been obtained against the NIBS&C “research standard” thromboplastin 67/40, and termed the “calibration constant” of each thromboplastin. Values obtained from the freeze-dried coumarin plasmas gave generally similar results to those from fresh plasmas for all thromboplastins, whereas values from the artificial plasmas agreed with those from fresh plasmas only when similar thromboplastins were being compared.Taking into account the slopes of the calibration lines and the variation between laboratories, precision in obtaining a patient’s prothrombin time was similar for all thromboplastins.

Dry chip feedrate control using online chip moisture

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Wesley Gilbert ◽  
Ivan Trush ◽  
Bruce Allison ◽  
Randy Reimer ◽  
Howard Mason
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
The Other ◽  
Process Variability ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Feedback Control Strategy ◽  
And Control

Normal practice in continuous digester operation is to set the production rate through the chip meter speed. This speed is seldom, if ever, adjusted except to change production, and most of the other digester inputs are ratioed to it. The inherent assumption is that constant chip meter speed equates to constant dry mass flow of chips. This is seldom, if ever, true. As a result, the actual production rate, effective alkali (EA)-to-wood and liquor-to-wood ratios may vary substantially from assumed values. This increases process variability and decreases profits. In this report, a new continuous digester production rate control strategy is developed that addresses this shortcoming. A new noncontacting near infrared–based chip moisture sensor is combined with the existing weightometer signal to estimate the actual dry chip mass feedrate entering the digester. The estimated feedrate is then used to implement a novel feedback control strategy that adjusts the chip meter speed to maintain the dry chip feedrate at the target value. The report details the results of applying the new measurements and control strategy to a dual vessel continuous digester.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

NEUROTIC SYMPTOMATICS RELATED TO PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN YOUTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 2014-2019
Author(s):  
Milen Dimov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
School Year ◽  
Real Behavior ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Ideal

The present study traces the dynamics of personal characteristics in youth and the manifested neurotic symptoms in the training process. These facts are the reason for the low levels of school results in the context of the existing theoretical statements of the problem and the empirical research conducted among the trained teenagers. We suggest that the indicators of neurotic symptomatology in youth – aggression, anxiety, and neuroticism, are the most demonstrated, compared to the other studied indicators of neurotic symptomatology. Studies have proved that there is a difference in the act of neurotic symptoms when tested in different situations, both in terms of expression and content. At the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms, more demonstrated in some aspects of aggressiveness, while at the end of school year, psychotism is more demonstrated. The presented summarized results indicate that at the beginning of the school year, neurotic symptoms are strongly associated with aggression. There is a tendency towards a lower level of social responsiveness, both in the self-assessment of real behavior and in the ideal “I”-image of students in the last year of their studies. The neurotic symptomatology, more demonstrated due to specific conditions in the life of young people and in relation to the characteristics of age.

scholarly journals Joint Action on cancer iPAAC - building on experience and streamlining recommendations for the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jelenc ◽  
T Albreht
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Care ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Consensus Building ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
European Code ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Policy initiatives, proposals and projects often end up proposing solutions and/or measures that are eventually either not or only partially implemented or they are lacking a system, which would consistently evaluate their implementation and/or impact. Good solutions are often not visible enough to the broader professional community and it is important to identify certain outstanding challenges in cancer control and policy. Driven by the need to better use the outputs from projects on cancer policy, European Commission was trying to address two challenges - one was in solving the problems with the implementation and use of the solutions that have already been proposed and the other one in identifying the outstanding challenges in cancer policy. Results We have decided to follow the structure to develop a series of recommendations and examples of good practices at the national level by selected areas. These would be streamlined into a roadmap to support policymakers at the national and EU level in formulating their cancer policies. Three pairs of targeted recommendations have been identified: Cancer prevention, including health promotion, implementation of the European Code Against Cancer and the reshaping and extension of cancer registriesGenomics and immunotherapy in cancerChallenges in cancer care and governance of cancer control Conclusions Multinational collaboration can bring about important consensual solutions, which build on the existing good practices in the countries. This can be combined well with the existing work on specific areas, carried out both internationally and nationally. Consensus building on jointly defined challenges represents a task that appears to be resolved rather pragmatically. Key message It is important that advance in cancer care and control are quickly analysed and that policymakers receive up-to-date recommendations to improve their policies on cancer control.

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