Genotype × environment interactions in sugarcane. II. Use of performance in plant cane as an indirect selection criterion for performance in ratoon crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Plant Crop

This study aimed to determine whether sugar yield of sugarcane genotypes in the plant crop could be used to predict relative yield in subsequent ratoon crops. Results from two series of trials, planted in 1985 and 1986, were examined. Within each series genotypes were planted at four locations and evaluated in plant, first ratoon and second ratoon crops. The genotypes used had not been selected previously in the test environments. Genetic correlations between sugar yield in plant and ratoon crop-years were moderate to high (greater than 0.65) for most locations. The relative efficiency of selection for yield in ratoon crop-years via indirect selection in the plant crop-year averaged 0.67. Realized gains from selection were compared for selection based on only plant crop results and selection based on average performance across all crop-years (the latter being the method routinely used in sugarcane breeding programs at present). In most cases the increases in realized gains in yield across independent environments brought about by considering results from more than the plant crop-year were small or non-existent. In the two series of trials, 11 and 12 of the top ranking 15 genotypes, respectively, based on mean performance across all crop-years, were also in the top 15 genotypes based on only the plant crop results. It is suggested that the testing of genotypes in only the plant crop may be appropriate in the early stages of selection in sugarcane breeding programs. Resources otherwise allocated to testing early stage material in ratoon crops may be more usefully employed elsewhere such as testing in more sites, with more replicates or more genotypes. It is emphasized, however, that this strategy may not be appropriate for highly selected populations, such as those in the final stages of selection, where genetic variance and genetic correlations between crop-years would be expected to be smaller than those obtained in this study.

The impact of genotype multiply environment interactions for sugar yield on the use of indirect selection in southern Queensland

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
PDN Mirzawan ◽  
M Cooper ◽  
DM Hogarth
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Selection Analysis ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
The Impact

To develop a strategy to improve the efficiency of selection, indirect selection and pattern analysis were used to examine the magnitude and form of genotype x environment (GE) interactions for sugar yield in sugarcane clones in southern Queensland. Clone x location interactions were the predominant source of clone X environment interactions and were much larger than clone x crop-year and clone x location x crop-year interactions. Both the indirect selection study and the pattern analysis emphasised the relative magnitude of these sources of interactions. Pattern analysis strongly associated crop classes at each location, and indirect selection analysis emphasised an opportunity to exploit correlated genetic advance between crop classes within a location. These suggest that more emphasis should be placed on sampling a greater number of locations than on the testing of clonal ratooning ability within locations. This would improve the chances of obtaining both broadly and specifically adapted sugarcane varieties.

Inclusion of skin follicle traits in selection indices in breeding programs improves genetic gain in Australian fine-wool Merinos

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asadi Fozi ◽  
J. H. J. Van der Werf ◽  
A. A. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Objectives ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Fleece Weight

Genetic parameters for skin follicle traits, wool traits, body weight, and number of lambs weaned per ewe joined were estimated for 5108 10-month-old Australian fine-wool Merinos born between 1990 and 1996. These animals were descended from 261 sires and 2508 dams. The skin follicle number index that is based on skin surface area, and primary, secondary, or total follicle density were introduced as possible early-age selection criteria estimated at 6 months of age. Heritability estimates for total, secondary, and primary follicle number index were 0.45 ± 0.04, 0.46 ± 0.04, and 0.38 ± 0.04, respectively. The genetic correlations of total follicle number index with clean fleece weight, mean fibre diameter, staple strength, coefficient of variation of fibre diameter, body weight, and number of lambs weaned were 0.16, –0.67, 0.00, 0.03, 0.22, and 0.22, respectively. Responses to selection on indices including and excluding follicle traits were calculated based on the genetic parameters estimated, and with annual responses calculated using an optimised age structure. On average, 10% greater response was predicted when total follicle number index was used as an additional selection criterion in different micron premium scenarios. In comparison, skin follicle density had a smaller effect on genetic improvement. The extra response was ~1%. Similar index responses were obtained when total follicle number index was used as a replacement selection criterion for clean fleece weight, mean fibre diameter, and coefficient of variation of fibre diameter for breeding objectives with low emphasis on fibre diameter. In objectives with high emphasis on fibre diameter, unfavourable correlated responses in staple strength and CV of fibre diameter limited the effectiveness of using total follicle number index as a selection criterion. Although the use of total follicle number index as an additional selection criterion can be favourable for some breeding objectives, measuring this trait is currently cost prohibitive to inclusion in Merino breeding programs.

Early stage selection for commercial cane sugar (CCS) in sugarcane clones: effects of time of sampling and irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Jackson ◽  
Terry E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Selection For

Commercially recoverable sugar content in sugarcane (CCS, expressed as a percentage) is a key selection criterion in sugarcane breeding programs. In some sugarcane breeding programs there may be significant operational advantages in measuring CCS early in the crop growth cycle, well before commercial harvesting would normally commence, and in restricting growth by withholding irrigation to reduce cane yield and lodging. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate these effects. The experiments included clones representative of genotypes routinely assessed in the earliest stages of clonal selection in breeding programs. Differences among genotypes for CCS were expressed early when cane had very low CCS (in February or March), and then rates of increase in CCS following that time were similar in most genotypes. Therefore, time of sampling had little effect on ranking of genotypes for CCS, and selection for high CCS could be effective early in the year. Irrigation regime also had little effect on ranking of the clones for CCS, indicating that mild water stress could be imposed with no adverse effect on selection results. The results are discussed in relation to optimising selection procedures and systems in early stage selection trials in sugarcane breeding programs, and better understanding the physiological basis of genetic variation in CCS.

scholarly journals Genotypic values and genetic correlations for components and oil content of bunch of hybrids between caiaué and dendê

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Alessandra Ferraiolo de Freitas ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
Antônio José de Abreu Pina ◽  
Marcos Deon Vilela Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Physical Composition ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Selection Of

Interspecific hybridization between Elaeis oleiferaand Elaeisguineensis(HIE OxG) is explored in plant breeding programs to meet the demand for resistant cultivars to fatal yellowing, which is the biggest phytosanitary problem in E. guineensisplants in South America, including Brazil. In addition to resistance to fatal yellowing, cultivars should have high oil yield, which depends directly on bunch production and oil content in the bunches (O/FFB). The obtaining of genetic gains in O/FFBfor OxG requires information on the genotypic values of the breeding population and the understanding of how the components of the bunch are related to this characteristic in this type of material. Thus, the objective of this work was toestimate genotypic values and genetic correlations for bunch components and analyze the potential of using these components in the selection of gains for O/FFB. The physical composition and oil content in mesocarp of 840 bunches from 39 HIE OxG F1 progenies were analyzed. Genotypic values for bunch components were estimated using the procedure REML/BLUP andwere obtained from genetic correlations between them. All evaluated components presented genetic variation with possibility of gains through selection, especially the oil content in the bunch (O/FFB), which presented variability above 23%. The selection for O/FFBwill mainly result in bunches with a higher fruit proportion over the weight of the bunch (TF/FFB), greater oil contents in mesocarp of normal and parthenocarpic fruits, and lower proportion of empty spikelets. Considering the high and positive correlations between O/FFBand the evaluated characteristics and the practicality of evaluation, the characteristics with higher potential for indirect selection to increase O/FFBare TF/FFBand proportion of mesocarp in normal fruits.

scholarly journals INDIRECT METHODS OF SELECTION IN WINTER WHEAT BREEDING ON BASIS OF GENETIC CORRELATIONS

2014 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
V. N. Tishchenko ◽  
М. Е. Batashova ◽  
О. М. Shapochka
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Zero Correlation ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Index Weight ◽  
Wheat Lines

З метою покращення селекційного процесу на про-дуктивністю були вивчені кореляції між врожайніс-тю та рядом ознак та індексів у 170 ліній озимоїпшениці. Для пошуку найбільш ефективних методівоцінки зразків ми провели порівняння мінливості ге-нетичних та екологічних кореляцій. Використаннятаких індексів як атракції (маса зерна з колосу / масаколосу), мікророзподілень (маса зерна з колосу / масаполови колосу) та полтавський індекс (маса зерна зколосу / довжина верхнього міжвузля) у непрямомудоборі на ранніх етапах селекції озимої пшениці за-безпечить ефективну селекцію на високу продуктив-ність колосу. Одержані результати вказують намінливість ознак та індексів в залежності від гено-типу, гомозиготного чи гетерозиготного стану. Дляпідвищення ефективності добору важливим є пошукфенотипових кореляцій, де генетичний компонентнаправлений в одному напрямку, а екологічний в про-тилежному або близький до нуля. Коефіцієнти коре-ляції збільшуються під впливом лімітуючих зовнішніхфакторів та зменшуються в комфортних умовах дляросту і розвитку рослин озимої пшениці. With the aim to improved breeding process for productivity, correlations among yield and a number of traits and indexes in 170 winter wheat lines have been investigated. For searching the most effective methods of estimating accessions we have used comparison of genetic and ecological correlations variability. The application of such indexes as attraction index (weight of spike, g / weight of stem, g), microdistribution index (weight of grains in spike, g / weight of spike chaff ) and poltavskiy index (weight of grains in spike, g / apical internode length, sm) in indirect selection on the early winter wheat breeding will provide effective breeding for high spike productivity. The obtained results indicate at the variability of traits and indexes depending on the genotype, homo- or heterozygote state. For increasing the efficiency of selection it is very important to find phenotype correlations where the genetic component is directed one way and the ecological is opposite or near zero. Correlation coefficients increased under the influence of limiting environment factors and decreased in comfortable conditions for growth and development of winter wheat plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Time of Sugarcane Harvest on Sucrose Content and Sugar Yield

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
S. Alers-Alers ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomized Block Designs ◽  
Plant Crop

Twelve field experiments with six sugarcane varieties were planted in randomized block designs at four locations (three experiments in each area). One at each location was planted in January; the second in March; and the third in May. Results were pooled and analyses of variance performed, irrespective of location, for sucrose content, and cane and sugar yield per acre of th e plant crop, the ratoon crop, and the combined plant crop-ratoon crop. These analyses indicated that for harvesting at 12 months, cane harvested in mid-March was higher in sucrose content and yielded more cane and sugar than that harvested in mid-January or mid-May.

Genotype × environment interactions in sugarcane. I. Patterns of response across sites and crop-years in north Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Jackson ◽  
DM Hogarth
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
General Response ◽  
Efficient Selection

Responses of sugarcane genotypes across environments in north Queensland for sugar yield and its components cane yield and sugar content, were examined using pattern analysis methods. The aim was to provide information which could be used in designing efficient selection methods for sugarcane breeding programs. Of particular interest was the comparison of variation in relative performance of genotypes across sites and crop-years. Results from two series of sugarcane trials in north Queensland are presented. In the first series, 65 genotypes were evaluated at four sites and across plant, first ratoon and second ratoon crops. In the second, 52 genotypes were evaluated across four sites and across plant and first ratoon crops. Crops and years were confounded in both series. Crop-years within sites were generally more similar for genotypic responses than environments from different sites. Within most sites the relative ranking of groups of genotypes derived from cluster analysis was similar across different crop-years. However, there were some substantial differences in ranking of the groups between some sites and selection would vary if different subsets of sites were considered. There was little variation among groups in general response to ratoon crop-years. The results indicate that testing across sites is of importance. However, the similarity in information obtained across crop-years within most sites suggests there may be limited gain in testing across multiple crops or years within a particular site.

INHERITANCE OF FLOWERING TIME AND ITS APPLICATION FOR INDIRECT SELECTION IN THE DAVIS POPULATION OF GERBERA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1357F-1358
Author(s):  
Yiran Yu ◽  
James Harding ◽  
Thomas Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Cut Flower Yield

Genetic components of variance and heritability of flowering time were estimated for five generations of the Davis Populationof Gerbera hybrids, Composite, Estimates of narrow-sense heritability averaged 0.50 and broad-sense heritability averaged 0.77 using the NCII design. Narrow-sense heritability was also estimated with two models of parent-offspring regression, resulting in average heritability of 0.49 and 0.51. Estimates of components of variance indicated that the major genetic effect controlling flowering time is additive. However, the dominance component accounted for 28% of the total variance; the environmental component was only 23%. Flowering time is negatively correlated with cut-flower yield. The phenotypic coefficient was –0.34; genetic correlations were –0.47 when estimated from the NCII design, and –0.72 when estimated from the parent-off-spring method. A practical model was constructed to assess the efficiency of indirect selection for cut-flower yield using flowering time as a marker trait. The advantages of indirect selection accruing from increased population size and reduced generation time are discussed.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Networks to Estimate Dry Matter Yield in a Guineagrass Breeding Program Using UAV Remote Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 3971
Author(s):  
Gabriel Silva de Oliveira ◽  
José Marcato Junior ◽  
Caio Polidoro ◽  
Lucas Prado Osco ◽  
Henrique Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ground Truth Data

Forage dry matter is the main source of nutrients in the diet of ruminant animals. Thus, this trait is evaluated in most forage breeding programs with the objective of increasing the yield. Novel solutions combining unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and computer vision are crucial to increase the efficiency of forage breeding programs, to support high-throughput phenotyping (HTP), aiming to estimate parameters correlated to important traits. The main goal of this study was to propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach using UAV-RGB imagery to estimate dry matter yield traits in a guineagrass breeding program. For this, an experiment composed of 330 plots of full-sib families and checks conducted at Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazil, was used. The image dataset was composed of images obtained with an RGB sensor embedded in a Phantom 4 PRO. The traits leaf dry matter yield (LDMY) and total dry matter yield (TDMY) were obtained by conventional agronomic methodology and considered as the ground-truth data. Different CNN architectures were analyzed, such as AlexNet, ResNeXt50, DarkNet53, and two networks proposed recently for related tasks named MaCNN and LF-CNN. Pretrained AlexNet and ResNeXt50 architectures were also studied. Ten-fold cross-validation was used for training and testing the model. Estimates of DMY traits by each CNN architecture were considered as new HTP traits to compare with real traits. Pearson correlation coefficient r between real and HTP traits ranged from 0.62 to 0.79 for LDMY and from 0.60 to 0.76 for TDMY; root square mean error (RSME) ranged from 286.24 to 366.93 kg·ha−1 for LDMY and from 413.07 to 506.56 kg·ha−1 for TDMY. All the CNNs generated heritable HTP traits, except LF-CNN for LDMY and AlexNet for TDMY. Genetic correlations between real and HTP traits were high but varied according to the CNN architecture. HTP trait from ResNeXt50 pretrained achieved the best results for indirect selection regardless of the dry matter trait. This demonstrates that CNNs with remote sensing data are highly promising for HTP for dry matter yield traits in forage breeding programs.

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