Sulfur supplementaion and the use of flavomycin with lupin grain for sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
EJ Speijers
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Wheat Chaff

Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effectiveness of different S sources, in combination with flavomycin, fed with a lupin supplement, to increase wool growth and liveweight gain in 16-month-old Merino sheep fed wheat chaff. In the first experiment, ewes were fed wheat chaff (600 g/sheep) every day and the equivalent of 250 g/day of lupin grain twice weekly. An initial period of 7 weeks was used to quantify differences in wool growth and liveweight gain between individual sheep. Different S sources [2% gypsum, 12% fishmeal, 1.2% DL-methionine or 1.2% hydroxymethyl-methionine (Mepron)] were then added to the lupin grain with or without the addition of flavomycin and fed to sheep for a further period of 7 weeks. Wool growth was significantly increased (P < 0.05) only in the sheep fed lupin grain with the addition of fishmeal and fishmeal with flavomycin. Wool growth was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the sheep fed lupin grain with the addition of gypsum or Mepron (+flavomycin). Liveweight gain was significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the sheep given methionine, Mepron or fishmeal. In the second experiment, ewes were offered wheat chaff ad libitum every day and the equivalent of 250 g/day of lupin grain twice weekly. After an introductory period of 2 weeks, different S sources (2% gypsum or 1.2% DL-methionine) were added to the lupin grain with or without the addition of flavomycin and fed to sheep for a period of 8 weeks. Wool growth was only increased (P < 0.08) in the sheep fed lupin grain with the addition of methionine with flavomycin. This treatment also resulted in a change in the pattern of chaff consumption. Liveweight gain was increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the sheep given gypsum, methionine or flavomycin. Poor quality feed supplemented with lupin grain appears to have sufficient N and S for wool growth. When sheep fed restricted amounts of poor quality feed are supplemented with lupins, increases in liveweight gain can be achieved with the addition of flavomycin, with or without S, to the lupins.

The influence of protein quality on the effect of flavomycin on wool growth, liveweight change and rumen fermentation in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
EM Aitchison
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wheat Chaff

The feed additive flavomycin, a glycolipid antibiotic, was evaluated for its potential to improve wool growth in sheep fed two pelleted diets: one based on lucerne chaff and lupin grain and the other on wheat chaff and fishmeal. Seventy-eight weaner ewes, approximately 20 months of age and mean weight of 32 kg (s.e. � 0.3), were placed in individual pens and fed the pelleted diets at a level equivalent to 3.5% of the mean liveweight of the group. The experiment consisted of an initial period (8 weeks) during which all animals received their respective diets with no flavomycin, followed by an experimental period (9 weeks) during which the animals received their diets with flavomycin. Flavomycin was included at three different rates (l0, 20 and 40 ppm) in both diets (nine sheep/level) during the experimental period and twelve sheep were fed each of the unmedicated diets (no flavomycin). Feed intakes were measured daily and animals weighed weekly. Wool growth was measured for the initial and experimental periods by clipping a mid-side patch of about 100 cm2. In sheep fed the lucernellupin based diet, flavomycin increased liveweight gain ( P < 0.05) at 20 ppm but had no effect on wool production, whereas in those fed the hay/fishmeal diet, there was a linear decrease in liveweight gain (P < 0.001) (161, 151, 142, 130 g day-1) and a dose related increase in clean wool production (P<0.01) (12.9, 14.5, 15.2, 15.3 g m-2 day-1) with increasing rates of flavomycin (0, 10, 20, 40 ppm respectively). There was no significant effect of flavomycin on fibre diameter in the sheep fed either diet. The inclusion of flavomycin in both diets significantly increased the molar proportions of propionate in the rumen fluid and in sheep on the hay/fishmeal pellet it reduced the concentration of rumen ammonia. The time animals took to eat their ration was increased with the inclusion of flavomycin in the hay/fishmeal diet.

Effect of dry or hydrated bentonite on the wool growth and liveweight gain of sheep fed wheat chaff

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
SG Winslow ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Water Inclusion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Wheat Chaff

Many reports on the use of bentonite to increase wool growth indicate variable responses and it is often claimed that this variability is related to the chemical characteristics or the form in which the bentonite is fed. This paper describes 3 experiments in which there was consistency in the type and form of the clay. There was also comparison of the effects of dry and hydrated bentonite. In the first experiment, 64 sheep were individually penned and fed wheat chaff ad libitum. Thirty sheep were fed chaff only, 17 sheep received dry bentonite added to their chaff (20 g/kg chaff) and another 17 sheep had 23.7 g/day of bentonite added to their drinking water. Inclusion of bentonite in the drinking water significantly increased wool growth (P<0.05, 14.8%) and increased chaff intake (P = 0.08, 6%). In the second experiment, 105 sheep were penned in groups of 7 and each pen fed wheat chaff ad libitum. Five pens of sheep had dry bentonite added to their chaff (20 g/kg chaff) while another 5 pens had bentonite added to their drinking water (23.7 g/sheep.day). There were 5 pens of sheep which received no bentonite. Inclusion of bentonite either in the drinking water or in the chaff, significantly increased chaff intake (P<0.05, 6%), but had no effect on wool growth. In the third experiment, 60 sheep were divided into 12 groups and each group grazed individual 0.7 ha of cereal stubble. All groups were supplemented with the equivalent of 200 g of lupin grain/sheep.day fed twice weekly and 6 of the groups were watered by buckets containing hydrated bentonite (11.8 g bentonite/L). In experiments 2 and 3, inclusion of bentonite in the diet or in the drinking water had no effect on wool growth (P>0.05) but liveweight gain was significantly increased (P<0.05). It was concluded that the variability in the response to bentonite was not related to its chemical composition or the form in which it is administered and that, on balance, bentonite does not offer a practical or reliable means of increasing wool growth in sheep.

Feed intake, liveweight and wool growth rate in Merino sheep with different responsiveness to low- or high-quality feed

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Adams ◽  
D. Blache ◽  
J. R. Briegel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Fleece Weight

A previous field trial using 30 sheep from each of 3 strains of Merino sheep (designated F, M and B) found that wool growth rate in strain B changed less throughout the year, compared with the other 2 strains. The present study examined components of liveweight loss on dry pasture with low protein and low digestibility to detect underlying relationships with the subsequent responsiveness of wool growth rate to young green pasture. Strain B lost less liveweight when grazed on dry (poor-quality) pasture, but lost more liveweight on sparse green pasture, than the other 2 strains. The rate of liveweight loss was not related to fatness on dry pasture, but was related to fatness on green pasture. The plasma concentration of leptin at the start of winter was related to clean-fleece weight (P<0.01). A second study examined the role of voluntary feed intake in strains M and B, offered low (56%�digestibility) and then high (70% digestibility) quality feed ad libitum in individual pens. Wool growth rate increased (P<0.001) on the better feed and tended to increase more (P = 0.06) in strain M. Feed intake increased (P�= 0.01) more in Strain M when offered good-quality feed. Fatness affected feed intake similarly in both periods. The results indicate 2 mechanisms that differed between feed conditions. First, sheep differed in their capacity to increase wool growth on high-quality feed, associated with the capacity to increase feed intake. Second, fatness was associated with the differential liveweight response to good or poor quality feed, although it was not clear whether it acted through appetite. It is hypothesised that the capacity to increase wool growth rate on good feed may be associated with a greater decrease in protein synthesis rate on poor quality pasture. This may result in a lower drive to eat and so a greater liveweight loss on poor pasture.

Evaluation of feed additives for increasing wool production from Merino sheep. 2. Flavomycin and tetronasin included in lucerne-based pellets or wheaten chaff fed ad libitum

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Aitchison ◽  
K Tanaka ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet

The feed additives flavomycin, a glycolipid antibiotic, and tetronasin, an ionophore, were evaluated for their ability to improve wool growth and liveweight gains in Merino sheep. Each was included in 2 diets: one was a pelleted mixture of (g/kg) lucerne (590), lupins (250) and barley (1 50); the other diet was wheaten chaff. Flavomycin was included in each diet at 10 and 20 mg/kg feed; tetronasin at 5 and 10 mg/kg feed. During an 8-week experimental period, the diets were fed ad libitum to weaner Merino wethers, with 15 sheep receiving each treatment diet at each level of additive inclusion, and 30 sheep receiving each diet without additives. Liveweight changes, feed intake and wool growth were measured over 2 consecutive 4-week periods, and rumen fluid samples were taken from all sheep after 6 weeks. Feed intake, liveweight gain and wool growth rate were all higher for animals eating the pelleted diets compared with those eating chaff. Rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations were also higher with the pelleted diet. On the pelleted diet, flavomycin and tetronasin inclusion significantly increased liveweight gains during the second 4-week period (296, 277, 231 g/sheep.day for flavomycin, tetronasin and controls respectively, P<0.001), but neither additive had any significant effect on feed intake. The amount of clean wool grown during both measurement periods was greater for animals receiving flavomycin or tetronasin with the pelleted diet compared with control animals. Neither additive had any significant effect on liveweight gains or wool growth of sheep eating chaff. Fibre diameter (FD) was measured on wool clipped in the second period, and was not significantly altered by either additive: mean FDs for animal receiving pellets were 25.1 �m, compared with 18.5 �m for animals receiving chaff. Total rumen VFA concentrations were lower with flavomycin or tetronasin treatments on both diets, and ammonia concentrations were lower with both additives on the pelleted diet and with tetronasin on the chaff diet. It is concluded that both flavomycin and tetronasin were able to increase liveweight gains and wool growth in rapidly growing sheep eating a high-protein diet, but had little or no consistent effects with animals eating a lower quality, low-protein diet.

The effect of bentonite on wool growth, liveweight change and rumen fermentation in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
EM Aitchison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Bentonite Clays ◽  
Wheat Chaff

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of 3 bentonite clays in sheep. Seventy-eight Merino ewes (about 20 months of age) were housed individually and fed either a pelleted diet based on lucerne, lupins and barley or chaffed wheat-hay. The experiment consisted of an initial period (8 weeks) during which all animals received these diets without bentonite, followed by a 9-week experimental period when bentonite clays were included in the feed at a level of 25 g/kg. None of the 3 bentonite clays had any significant effect on liveweight change or wool growth in sheep fed either diet. There was also no significant effect of the clays on rumen ammonia or volatile fatty acids concentrations in sheep fed wheat chaff. In sheep fed the pelleted diet, 2 of the clay samples increased the molar proportions of acetate and decreased the molar proportion of propionate relative to the control group.

Liveweight gain and wool growth in sheep fed rations containing virginiamycin

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
JB Rowe ◽  
EM Aitchison ◽  
SG Winslow
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet

The feed additive virginiamycin was evaluated for its potential to improve wool growth and liveweight gain in Merino sheep in 2 experiments. In the first experiment 84 wethers (about 10 months old) were housed individually and fed ad libitum a pelleted diet based on lucerne chaff, lupin, and barley grain. Control sheep (28) were fed an unmedicated diet, and 14 in each of 4 groups were given diets containing 10, 20, 40, or 60 mg virginiamycin/kg pellets. Virginiamycin was found to reduce feed intake during the first 4-5 weeks of the experiment when included at levels 220 g/t. There was a dose-related reduction in liveweight gain. There was no significant effect of virginiamycin on wool growth. In the second experiment, weaners and adults from 2 locations in Western Australia, Mount Barker (relatively high rainfall) and Wongan Hills (relatively low rainfall and shorter pasture-growing period), were housed individually in a shed and fed a pelleted diet at rates equivalent to 3.5 and 3.1%, respectively, of liveweight for weaners and adults. The pelleted ration was based on wheat and lucerne chaff, lupin grain, and fishmeal. Virginiamycin was included at 20 mg/kg pellets for 16 of 40 sheep of each age and location. The remaining sheep were fed the unmedicated diet. Feed conversion and liveweight gain improved (P<0.05) in response to the inclusion of virginiamycin during the first 4 weeks of the trial, but wool growth was reduced over the same period. Virginiamycin had no effect on fibre diameter in sheep in either experiment.

Ectopic expression of FGF5s induces wool growth in Chinese merino sheep

Gene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Rong Li ◽  
San-Gang He ◽  
Chen-Xi Liu ◽  
Xue-Mei Zhang ◽  
Li-Qin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Wool Growth

scholarly journals Effects of Growth Hormone Administration on Wool Growth in Merino Sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Wynn ◽  
ALC Wallace ◽  
AC Kirby ◽  
EF Annison
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Growth Hormone Administration ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Wool Growth

The effects of daily administration of 10 mg of highly purified ovine growth hormone (GH) for a period of 4 weeks on wool growth have been measured in 12 Merino ewes fed either a calculated maintenance energy intake or 1�6 times this amount (six on each ration). Concentrations of hormones, glucose, urea, a-amino N and amino acids in the blood were monitored and faeces and urine collected for measurement of nitrogen balance.

Problems of disinfectological provision of the population in the pandemic period of COVID-19 infection in the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Vasily Aleksandrovich Tsurkan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Nature

The principles of organizing and implementing anti-epidemic, including disinfectological measures for COVID-19 infection were studied, and the results of the state of readiness of interested services in the localization and elimination of focuses of coronavirus infection were presented. It was noted that the untimely solution of existing problems of a socio-economic nature contributed to the development of the pandemic process of COVID-19 infection. In the initial period of the development of the pandemic in most countries of the world, including Moldova, the system for monitoring and actively detecting cases of the population of COVID-19 did not work. Lack of disinfection services and insufficiently trained disinfectologists lead to untimely and poor-quality disinfection measures. The role of the disinfectological service in ensuring the epidemiological well-being of the population is argued. The necessity of creating a new, comprehensive system for protecting the country’s population from especially dangerous infectious diseases has been substantiated. Keywords: disinfection measures, biocides, treatment and prevention organizations, pandemic process, technologies, methods, forces and means, provision, infectious diseases, COVID-19 infection

Nitrogen and sulfur mobilised from body tissue can be used for wool growth

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean K. Revell ◽  
Suzanne K. Baker ◽  
D. Barrie Purser
Keyword(s):  
Body Tissue ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

The hypothesis was tested that when nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are mobilised from body tissue the rate of wool growth is determined both by the amount of N and S apparently digested and by the amount of N and S mobilised from body tissue. The experiment consisted of seven 5-day periods (Periods 1–7) and N and S retention were measured during each period in 12 mature Merino wethers. During Periods 2 and 3, casein and methionine were infused into the abomasum of all sheep to increase the amount of N and S absorbed in the small intestine. Three nutritional regimes were used in order to manipulate the amount of N and S mobilised from body tissues after the cessation of the abomasal infusion: one group of sheep (n = 4) was fed ad libitum throughout the experiment (Group A), another group (n = 4) was fed at a level calculated to maintain liveweight throughout the experiment (Group M), and the third group (n = 4) was fed ad libitum pre-infusion and during the infusion but was then fed at a level calculated to maintain liveweight after the infusion ceased (Group AM). The infusion of the supplement increased wool growth, and when the infusion ceased, it took 10 days for wool growth to return to a steady rate of growth. Wool growth per unit of apparently digested N or S increased markedly when N or S was mobilised from body tissue, indicating that mobilised protein was used for wool growth. Based on the relationship between the apparent retention of N and S in body tissues excluding wool, and changes in plasma amino acid concentrations, it appeared that the supply of S-containing amino acids from body tissue limited the use of mobilised protein for wool growth.

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