Phosphorus efficiency in pasture species. VII. Relationships between yield and P uptake in two accessions of white clover

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Blair ◽  
DC Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
P Application

Lack of data on root growth and relationships between root parameters and P uptake are major limitations to understanding and modelling P efficiency in crop and forage plants. An experiment was conducted whereby two accessions of white clover (Trifolium repens, Chiswick and Ladino) were grown in pots in a P deficient soil fertilized with a low (P5 [kg ha-1]) or high (P40) P application rate. Plants were harvested at 10, 16, 22, 28, 34 and 40 days after transplanting and tops harvested and roots recovered from the pots. Detailed measures of root members were made at 10, 16 and 22 days and these correlated with P uptake. Dry weight of tops of accessions was the same between the two rates of P until day 28. At 40 days, the tops yield of Ladino was higher than Chiswick at P40. Root dry weight increased with increasing P application rate and time from day 16 onwards. Significant differences in root growth only occurred at the 16 and 34 day harvests at P5. Ladino tended to have a greater mean P uptake over time than did Chiswick at both P levels. P uptake was found to be positively correlated with shoot and root dry weight, root length, root number, root volume and surface area, and negatively correlated with mean root diameter and mean length per root. Root extension rate at low P in Ladino was greater than that in Chiswick, which may explain the greater P uptake by Ladino at low P at later harvests in this experiment. The changes in length, diameter and number of roots in the two accessions examined in this study, with time, in response to P, reflect some form of coordination. Chiswick tended to produce many short roots whilst Ladino fewer long roots. Only small differences in P uptake per unit root length were measured, which suggest that total root length or root extension rate is the primary determinant of total P uptake in these accessions of white clover.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

scholarly journals Effect of Transplanting and Paclobutrazol on Root Growth of ‘Green Column’ Black Maple and ‘Summit’ Green Ash

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gray Watson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Root Extension ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Second Year

Abstract ‘Summit’ green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Summit’) and ‘Green Column’ black maples (Acer nigrum ‘Green Column’) were transplanted and treated with paclobutrazol (PBZ) to study its effect on root growth after transplanting. PBZ increased root extension growth of transplanted ‘Green Column’ maples in the first year after treatment, prior to the onset of above-ground growth regulation. Root growth of transplanted ‘Summit’ ash was not affected by PBZ. Transplanting reduced extension growth of regenerated roots in the first year for ‘Green Column’ maples with no effect on root dry weight. In ‘Summit’ green ash transplanting increased root extension growth in the second year, and root dry weight in both years.

scholarly journals Potato Phosphorus Response in Soils with High Value of Phosphorus

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jasim ◽  
Lakesh K. Sharma ◽  
Ahmed Zaeen ◽  
Sukhwinder K. Bali ◽  
Aaron Buzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
P Application

Phosphorus (P) is an element that is potatoes require in large amounts. Soil pH is a crucial factor impacting phosphorus availability in potato production. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of P application rates on the P efficiency for tuber yield, specific gravity, and P uptake. Additionally, the relationship between soil pH and total potato tuber yield was determined. Six rates of P fertilization (0–280 kg P ha−1) were applied at twelve different sites across Northern Maine. Yield parameters were not responsive to P application rates. However, regression analysis showed that soil pH was significantly correlated with total potato tuber yield(R2 = 0.38). Sites with soil pH values < 6 had total tuber yields, marketable tuber yields, tuber numbers per plant, and total tuber mean weights that were all higher than these same parameters at sites with soil pH ≥ 6. All sites with soil pH< 6 showed a highly correlated relationship between P uptake and petiole dry weight (R2 = 0.76). The P application rate of 56 kg P ha−1 was the best at sites with a soil pH < 6, but 0–56 kg P ha−1 was the best at sites with soil pH ≥ 6.

Water relations of winter wheat: 1. Growth of the root system

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Gregory ◽  
M. McGowan ◽  
P. V. Biscoe ◽  
B. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Root Dry Weight

SummaryThe production of root axes and the growth of the root system are reported for a commercially grown crop of Maris Huntsman winter wheat. Soil cores were extracted on 17 occasions during the growing season permitting a detailed study of root length and root dry weight with depth and time.Production of seminal root axes was complete by the beginning of March when all plants possessed six (occasionally seven) axes which persisted throughout the life of the crop. Nodal axes were produced continuously from mid-February until late May and finally numbered approximately 20 stem nodal axes per main stem. Total root dry weight increased exponentially until the beginning of April and then almost linearly to reach a maximum of 105 g root/m2 field in mid-June (anthesis). After anthesis, total root dry weight decreased but root growth continued below 80 cm. From April onwards, approximately 65% of the total root dry weight was in the 0–30 cm layer.

scholarly journals 227 Rate of Root Growth of Three Woody Ornamental Species

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 430B-430
Author(s):  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Mountain Laurel ◽  
Ornamental Species

Root growth is a critical factor in landscape establishment of container-grown woody ornamental species. Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) often does not survive transplanting from containers into the landscape. The objective of this experiment was to compare rate of root growth of mountain laurel to that of Ilex crenata `Compacta' (`Compacta' holly) and Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood). Six-month-old tissue-cultured liners (substrate intact) of mountain laurel, 1-year-old rooted cutting liners (substrate intact) of `Compacta' holly (liner holly), 6-inch bare root seedling liners of sourwood, and 3-month-old bare-root rooted cuttings of `Compacta' holly were potted in containers in Turface™. Prior to potting, roots of all plants were dyed with a solution of 0.5% (w/v) methylene blue. Plants were greenhouse-grown. Destructive harvests were conducted every 2 to 3 weeks (six total harvests). Length, area, and dry weight of roots produced since the start of the experiment, leaf area, and dry weight of shoots were measured. Sourwood and liner holly had greater rate of increase in root length and root dry weight than mountain laurel and bare root holly. Rate of increase in root area was greatest for sourwood, followed by (in decreasing order) liner holly, mountain laurel, and bare-root holly. Increase in root length and root area per increase in leaf area was highest for liner holly, possibly indicating why this species routinely establishes successfully in the landscape. Increase in root dry weight per increase in shoot dry weight was lowest for mountain laurel. The slow rate of root growth of mountain laurel (compared to sourwood and liner holly) may suggest why this species often does not survive transplanting.

scholarly journals The relationship between characteristics of root morphology and grain filling in wheat under drought stress

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12015
Author(s):  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Yuan Ding ◽  
Rumo Pan ◽  
Wenyuan Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Drought is a common yield limiting factor in wheat production and has become a significant threat to global food security. Root system is the organ responsible for water uptake from soil and root growth is closely associated with yield and quality of wheat. However, the relationship between morphological and structural characteristics of root growth and caryopsis enrichment in wheat under drought stress is unclear. In this study, two wheat cultivars (YM13 and YN19) were treated with drought from flowering to caryopsis maturity stage. The changes in morphological structure of roots and characteristics of endosperm enrichment were investigated. Drought stress significantly reduced the root length, plant height, root dry weight and aboveground parts dry weight, whereas the root-shoot ratio of YM13 and YN19 increased by 17.65% and 8.33% under drought stress, respectively. The spike length, spike weight, grains number per spike and 1,000-grains weight of mature wheat also significantly declined under drought stress. Meanwhile, the cross section structure of roots was changed with the enlargement of vascular cylinder and dense distribution of xylem vessels under drought stress. Additionally, drought stress affected the substance enrichment in wheat caryopses, decreasing starch accumulation and increasing protein accumulation of endosperm. Correlation analysis suggested that the root length was closely correlated with the relative areas of amyloplast (0.51) and protein body (0.70), and drought stress increased the correlation coefficient (0.79 and 0.78, respectively). While the root dry weight had a significantly positive correlation with the plant height and aboveground parts dry weight. The results can provide theoretical basis for root architecture optimization, water-saving and high-yield cultivation and quality improvement in wheat.

scholarly journals ROOT GROWTH OF MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA HORT, `ST, MARY AFTER EXPOSURE TO ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE TREATMENTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080g-1080
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Zone Temperature

Root growth of Magnolia grandiflora Hort. `St. Mary' was studied for 16 wk after an 8-wk exposure period to 30°, 34°, 38°, or 42°±0.8°C root-zone temperature (RZT) treatments applied 6 hr daily, Immediately after the RZT treatment period, total root length was similar for trees exposed to 30°, 34°, and 38°C and was reduced 45% at 42° compared to 38°C. For weeks eight and 18 of the post-treatment period, response of total root length to RZT was linear. Total root length of trees exposed to 28°C was 247% and 225% greater than those exposed to 42°C RZT at week eight and 16, respectively. Root dry weight from the 42°C RZT treatment was 29% and 48% less than 38° and 34°C RZT treatment, respectively, at week eight. By week 16, root dry weight as a function of RZT had changed such that the 42°C RZT was 43% and 47% less than 38° and 34°C RZT, respectively. Differences in root growth patterns between weeks eight and 16 suggest that trees were able to overcome the detrimental effects of the 38°C treatment whereas growth suppression by the 42°C treatment was still evident after 16 wk. Previous exposure of tree roots to supraoptimal RZT regimens may have long-term implications for suppressing growth and lengthening the establishment period of trees in the landscape,

scholarly journals Root Growth of Southern Magnolia Following Exposure to High Root-zone Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Zone Temperature

Root growth of southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora Hort. `St. Mary') was studied for 16 weeks after an 8-week exposure to 30, 34, 38, or 42 ± 0.8C root-zone temperature (RZT) treatments applied for 6 hours daily. Immediately after RZT treatments, total root length of trees responded negatively to increased RZT in a quadratic pattern and the shoot and root dry weight of trees was similar. However, 8 and 16 weeks after RZT treatments, total root length responded linearly in a negative pattern to increased RZT, and shoot and root dry weight responded negatively to increased RZT in a linear and quadratic pattern, respectively. Root dry weight of trees exposed to 42C RZT treatment was 29% and 48% less than 38 and 34C RZT treatments, respectively, at week 8. By week 16, root dry weight as a function of RZT had changed such that the 42C RZT was 43% and 47% less than 38 and 34C RZT, respectively. Differences in root growth patterns between weeks 8 and 16 suggest that trees were able to overcome the detrimental effects of the 38C treatment, whereas growth suppression by the 42C treatment was still evident after 16 weeks.

scholarly journals Copper Hydroxide Controls Root Distribution In Container-Grown Carpentaria Palm

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 271D-271
Author(s):  
Sven E. Svenson ◽  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
House Paint ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Medium Interface

The influence of copper hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] application to interior container surfaces on root growth at the container-medium interface was studied using Carpentaria palm [Carpentaria acuminata (H. Wendl. & Drude) Becc.]. Cu(OH)2 (0, 100, 200, or 400 g) was mixed with one liter of either white latex house paint, or NuFilm-17 surfactant, and applied to all surfaces inside 0.5 liter containers. Plants were grown in untreated containers, in containers treated with paint or NuFilm-17 only, or in containers treated with Cu(OH)2 in paint (100 g rate only) or NuFilm-17 (100, 200 or 400 g per liter). When applied in paint or NuFilm-17, Cu(OH)2 reduced root growth at the container-medium interface, controlling the circular growth pattern commonly observed in container-grown plants. Controlling circling root growth at the soil-container interface did not influence shoot or root dry weight, but did reduce total root length. Application of Cu(OH)2 with paint was unsightly, while application with NuFilm-17 was almost unnoticeable.

scholarly journals ROOT GROWTH OF MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA HORT, `ST, MARY AFTER EXPOSURE TO ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE TREATMENTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080G-1080
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Zone Temperature

Root growth of Magnolia grandiflora Hort. `St. Mary' was studied for 16 wk after an 8-wk exposure period to 30°, 34°, 38°, or 42°±0.8°C root-zone temperature (RZT) treatments applied 6 hr daily, Immediately after the RZT treatment period, total root length was similar for trees exposed to 30°, 34°, and 38°C and was reduced 45% at 42° compared to 38°C. For weeks eight and 18 of the post-treatment period, response of total root length to RZT was linear. Total root length of trees exposed to 28°C was 247% and 225% greater than those exposed to 42°C RZT at week eight and 16, respectively. Root dry weight from the 42°C RZT treatment was 29% and 48% less than 38° and 34°C RZT treatment, respectively, at week eight. By week 16, root dry weight as a function of RZT had changed such that the 42°C RZT was 43% and 47% less than 38° and 34°C RZT, respectively. Differences in root growth patterns between weeks eight and 16 suggest that trees were able to overcome the detrimental effects of the 38°C treatment whereas growth suppression by the 42°C treatment was still evident after 16 wk. Previous exposure of tree roots to supraoptimal RZT regimens may have long-term implications for suppressing growth and lengthening the establishment period of trees in the landscape,

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