Crop growth and relative growth rates of old and modern wheat cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Karimi ◽  
KHM Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Modern Wheat

An analysis of the dynamics of green area index (GAI), dry matter (DM), relative growth rate (RGR) and crop growth rate (CGR) based on growing degree days (GDD) is presented for a historical series of wheats commercially released in Western Australia. Relative to the old cultivars, modern wheats were characterized by a greater RGR during the vegetative phase. This was achieved at a lower initial GAI, which persisted as the season progressed and was associated with a higher CGR at anthesis and greater grain yield at the end of the season. In the old cultivars, a greater GAI during the mid season declined rapidly as temperatures and soil moisture stress increased in spring, resulting in a lower GAI at anthesis. Together with lower CGR at anthesis this resulted in less dry matter and grain yield at final harvest. The higher grain yield of modern wheat cultivars was achieved with a high RGR during the vegetative phase and greater CGR from ear emergence to harvest.

Growth, development and light interception of old and modern wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean-type environment

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHM Siddique ◽  
RK Belford ◽  
MW Perry ◽  
D Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Double Ridge

A field experiment was conducted at Merredin in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia, comparing 10 wheat cultivars representing old and modern wheats. The aim of the study was to identify any morphological and physiological characters associated with higher grain yield of modern wheat cultivars.The modern cultivars reached double ridge, terminal spikelet, anthesis and maturity earlier than the old cultivars, but modern cultivars had a longer duration between double ridge and terminal spikelet stage. The number of leaves on the main stem generally decreased from old, Purple Straw (14) to modern cultivars like Kulin (8). The modern cultivars had a shorter phyllochron interval than the old cultivars. The old cultivars also produced more tillers per plant (7.3) and had a lower percentage (35%) of ear bearing tillers, as compared with 3.9 and 51% for modern cultivars.The green area index and ground cover was higher in old than modern cultivars. However, the efficiency of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter was slightly greater for modern cultivars. Although dry matter at final harvest was similar between cultivars, there was a trend for higher dry matter production with modern cultivars. The post-anthesis green area duration was longer with modern cultivars and grain yield increased with increase in post-anthesis green area duration.Grain yield and HI increased consistently from old to modern cultivars. The most recent cultivar Kulin had the highest yield and second highest harvest index, which were 63% and 48% respectively higher than the oldest cultivar, Purple Straw. Increases in grain yield in the modern cultivars were associated with increased grains spikelet-1 and grains ear-1. Mean grain weight showed a slight reduction with modern cultivars. The results are discussed in relation to future improvement in yield.

scholarly journals Characterization of Dry Matter Partition with Grain Yield in Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
D. Dev Kumar ◽  
D. Vishnu Vardhan Reddy ◽  
P. Raghuveer Rao ◽  
M. Sheshu Madhav ◽  
V. Gouri Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Initiation Stage

The experimental field was laid in RBD replicated thrice with 30 high yielding rice genotypes which includes 26 advanced breeding lines (ABL) (SP-351, SP-352, SP-353, SP-354, SP-355, SP-356, SP-357, SP-358, SP-359, SP-360, SP-70, SP-72, SP-63, SP-61, SP-69, SP-55, SP-80, SP-25, SP-13,  SP-03, SP-02, SP-34, SP-37, SP-08, SP-75 and SP-57) and four checks (NDR-359, BPT-5204, IR-64, Jaya). Seven genotypes showed significantly higher leaf weight over the BPT-5204. Further, leaf weight at panicle initiation stage showed a positive relationship with TDM (Total Dry Matter) (r=0.51**). At the panicle initiation stage, only three genotypes (SP-354, SP-358, and SP-72) were superior to BPT-5204 in leaf weight. The shoot biomass and total dry weight was superior only in one genotype SP-72 as compared to BPT-5204. Similarly, the net assimilation rate at panicle initiation stage was maximum in SP-08 (9.92g m-2 day-1) and SP-72 (9.35g m-2 day-1) as compared to check BPT-5204 (6.47g m-2 day-1). These genotypes maintained higher photosynthetic rate (SP-72) and higher grain yield (SP-08). The relationship between CGR (Crop Growth Rate) and TDM (Total Dry Matter) and grain yield (r=0.61**) was positive and significant at physiological maturity. Genotypes SP-08 and SP-72 showed significantly higher CGR (Crop Growth Rate) over BPT-5204 and hence, yielded higher. In the present study compared to BPT-5204, genotypes SP-72, SP-08 maintained higher lea area index at all crop growth stages. These genotypes maintained higher photosynthetic rate (SP-72) and higher grain yield (SP-08). Positive significant relationship between LAI (Leaf Area Index) and total dry matter at harvest and; grain yield has been observed.

Studies of grain production in Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench). V.* Effect of planting density on growth and yield

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Fischer ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Net Assimilation

Growth analysis was applied to grain sorghum (cv. RS610) grown at low, medium and high population densities, i.e. 14,352, 143,520 and 645,836 plants ha-1 respectively. The medium densities had two arrangements of plants, square (S) and rectangular (R). Crop growth rates, inflorescence growth rates, leaf area indices, net assimilation rates and leaf growth rates were calculated from growth functions of plant dry matter and leaf area over time. Differences in crop growth rate between populations in the early stages were attributed to leaf area development—specifically to the initial leaf area (dependent on seedling number) and not to differences in leaf growth rates. Peak crop growth rates were 15.0, 27.5, 26.0 and 45.8 g m-2 day-1 for the low, medium (S), medium (R) and high populations respectively.The large difference between the growth rates of the medium (S) and the high populations was not explained by differences in the amount of radiation intercepted. Although leaf area indices were 4.6 and 10.2 respectively for the two populations, both canopies intercepted almost all of the noon radiation. Light extinction coefficients were 0.45 and 0.29 respectively. The relationship between net assimilation rate and leaf area index was such that for comparable leaf area indices above 2, plants at higher densities showed greater improvement in yield per unit increment in leaf area index. A maximum grain yield of 14,250 kg ha-1 was obtained at the high population density as a result of higher dry matter production, but a similar harvest index to that of the crops grown at the other densities. Inflorescence growth rate (g m-2 day-l) slightly exceeded crop growth rate in the latter part of grain filling, which indicated that there was some retranslocation to the grain of previously assimilated material. The maximum grain yield represents an efficiency of utilization of short-wave solar radiation during crop life of 2.5 x 10-6g cal-1. *Part IV, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 26: 25 (1975).

Corrigenda - Growth, development and light interception of old and modern wheat cultivars in a Mediterranean-type environment

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
KHM Siddique ◽  
RK Belford ◽  
MW Perry ◽  
D Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Double Ridge

A field experiment was conducted at Merredin in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia, comparing 10 wheat cultivars representing old and modern wheats. The aim of the study was to identify any morphological and physiological characters associated with higher grain yield of modern wheat cultivars.The modern cultivars reached double ridge, terminal spikelet, anthesis and maturity earlier than the old cultivars, but modern cultivars had a longer duration between double ridge and terminal spikelet stage. The number of leaves on the main stem generally decreased from old, Purple Straw (14) to modern cultivars like Kulin (8). The modern cultivars had a shorter phyllochron interval than the old cultivars. The old cultivars also produced more tillers per plant (7.3) and had a lower percentage (35%) of ear bearing tillers, as compared with 3.9 and 51% for modern cultivars.The green area index and ground cover was higher in old than modern cultivars. However, the efficiency of conversion of photosynthetically active radiation to dry matter was slightly greater for modern cultivars. Although dry matter at final harvest was similar between cultivars, there was a trend for higher dry matter production with modern cultivars. The post-anthesis green area duration was longer with modern cultivars and grain yield increased with increase in post-anthesis green area duration.Grain yield and HI increased consistently from old to modern cultivars. The most recent cultivar Kulin had the highest yield and second highest harvest index, which were 63% and 48% respectively higher than the oldest cultivar, Purple Straw. Increases in grain yield in the modern cultivars were associated with increased grains spikelet-1 and grains ear-1. Mean grain weight showed a slight reduction with modern cultivars. The results are discussed in relation to future improvement in yield.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

Evaluation of groundnut genotypes for physiological efficiencyand high yield to suit early kharif situation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Reshma ◽  
P. Latha ◽  
V. Umamahesh ◽  
R. P. Vasanthi ◽  
P. Sudhakar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Net Assimilation

Groundnut is grown during July to October in kharif season, however area under early kharif (sowing in May) is increasing in Andhra Pradsh, where ever irrigation facilities exists. Hence to identify suitable variety for the situation, fourteen pre release and two released groundnut genotypes were evaluated during early kharif 2013 for growth, physiological traits and yield attributes. At harvest genotypes TCGS-1375 (41.331 g plant-1), TCGS-1342(41.059 g plant-1) significantly recorded higher total dry matter compared to all other cultivars and checks followed by TCGS-1330 (36.667 g plant-1), TCGS-1349 (36.433 g plant-1). TCGS-1342 recorded significantly higher Crop Growth Rate (CGR) value of 33.848 g m-2 day-1, where as TCGS-1346 (0.1265 g dm-2 day-1) and TCGS-1330 (0.1262 g dm-2 day-1) recorded significantly higher Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) values at 45-60 DAS. Cultivar, TCGS-1330 recorded significantly higher pod yield 4210.44 Kg ha-1 compared to other entries and checks. The results revealed that pre release genotypes, TCGS-1342, TCGS-1375, TCGS-1330, TCGS-1346 recorded high physiological efficiency in terms of growth and physiological traits viz. total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area index (LAI) and also recorded high pod yield.

The growth and performance of cotton in a desert environment: II. Dry matter production

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sink Size ◽  
And Performance

SUMMARYVariety, water and spacing were treatments in two experiments with cotton in 1963 and 1964 in which fruiting points, flowers and bolls were counted and the dry weights and leaf areas of plants were measured at intervals during the season.Until leaf-area index, L, started to decrease, the equation described how dry weight, W, changed. The equation gave smoothed estimates of crop growth rate, C, which were consistent with estimates of photosynthesis made with de Wit's (1965) model. The relationship between G and L conformed to , derived from Beer's Law, rather than C = aL — bL2 derived from the linear regression of E on L. When L > 3 the crop appeared to use most of the available light, so that C approached a maximum. Treatments initially affected dry-matter production through the numbers and types of branches and nodes, which in turn affected the sinks available and thus the proportion of dry matter reinvested in new leaf. This initial period, when growth was simple to describe in conventional terms, was denned as the vegetative phase of growth.The start of the reproductive phase of growth overlapped the vegetative phase. The change from one to the other was completed when the rate of dry weight increase of the bolls, CB, equalled C. This indicated that the sink formed by the bolls had increased sufficiently in size to use all the assimilates available for growth. Sink size increased as the crop flowered and was estimated from the product of the number of bolls and the growth rate of a single boll.When CB equalled C, bolls were shed which prevented the size of the sink to increase beyond the ability of the plant to supply it with assimilates. This agrees with Mason's nutritional theory of boll shedding. Because of the crop's morphology and because age decreased the photosynthesis of the crop, the size of the sink inevitably increased out of phase with the supply of assimilates. The extent to which this was so determined when CB equalled C. It is postulated that environment, genotype and agronomic practice affect yield according to whether they increase or decrease the extent to which the sink size and the supply of assimilates are out of phase.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SEEDS SOAKING AND VEGETATIVE PARTS NUTRITION WITH ACIDS OF ASCORBIC, CITRIC AND HUMIC ON MAIZE GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1207-1218
Author(s):  
J. J. Kadhim ◽  
J. H. Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

A field experiment was carried out during two spring seasons in 2019 and 2020. This study was aimed to increase dry matter weight and crop growth rate of maize. First factor in main plots was nutrition vegetative parts with ascorbic and citric (100 mg l-1) for both of them and humic (1 ml l-1), in addition to the control treatment (spraying of vegetative parts with distilled water only). Second factor in sub-plots was seeds soaking with same acids above, as well as the control treatment (soaking the seeds with distilled water only). Randomize complete block design in split plot arrangement was used with three replications. The results showed a significant superiority of seeds soaking in humic acid for traits of number of days from planting to 75% anthesis  and silking (66.4 and 66.3 day) and (72.3 and 72.3 day), plant height (194.0 and 230.8 cm), leaves area plant-1 (6969.5 and 6570.2 cm2), leaf area index (3.71 and 3.50), dry matter weight (11.6 and 12.2 ton ha-1), crop growth rate (3.0 and 3.2 g cm-2 day-1) and chlorophyll leaf content (60.2 and 69.5 SPAD) for both seasons, respectively. Effect of vegetative parts nutrition and interaction effect of both studied factors was non-significant for most traits. It can be concluded that seeds soaking in humic acid improved growth traits. It can be recommended to soak seeds of maize before planting in humic acid at concentration of 1 ml l-1.

scholarly journals Using a Portable Active Sensor to Monitor Growth Parameters and Predict Grain Yield of Winter Wheat

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Zhang ◽  
Xia Liu ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Qiang Cao ◽  
Yongchao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Area Index

Rapid and effective acquisition of crop growth information is a crucial step of precision agriculture for making in-season management decisions. Active canopy sensor GreenSeeker (Trimble Navigation Limited, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is a portable device commonly used for non-destructively obtaining crop growth information. This study intended to expand the applicability of GreenSeeker in monitoring growth status and predicting grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Four field experiments with multiple wheat cultivars and N treatments were conducted during 2013–2015 for obtaining canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and ratio vegetation index (RVI) synchronized with four agronomic parameters: leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry matter (LDM), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC), and leaf nitrogen accumulation (LNA). Duration models based on NDVI and RVI were developed to monitor these parameters, which indicated that NDVI and RVI explained 80%, 68–70%, 10–12%, and 67–73% of the variability in LAI, LDM, LNC and LNA, respectively. According to the validation results, the relative root mean square error (RRMSE) were all <0.24 and the relative error (RE) were all <23%. Considering the variation among different wheat cultivars, the newly normalized vegetation indices rNDVI (NDVI vs. the NDVI for the highest N rate) and rRVI (RVI vs. the RVI for the highest N rate) were calculated to predict the relative grain yield (RY, the yield vs. the yield for the highest N rate). rNDVI and rRVI explained 77–85% of the variability in RY, the RRMSEs were both <0.13 and the REs were both <6.3%. The result demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring growth parameters and predicting grain yield of winter wheat with portable GreenSeeker sensor.

Effects of Plant Density on Growth and Yield of Oil Palm

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. V. Corley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

SUMMARYCrop growth rate of oil palm increases with leaf area index (LAI) to about 40 tons/ha./yr at the highest LAIs obtained. Net assimilation rate and dry matter production per palm decrease with increasing LAI, but the amount of dry matter per palm incorporated in vegetative tissues is unaffected by density. As a result the optimal LAI for oil yield is considerably below the critical LAI for maximum crop growth rate.

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