Susceptibility of mungbean varieties to the bruchid species Callosobruchus maculatus (F.), C. phaseoli (Gyll.), C. chinensis (L.), and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say.) (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Lambrides ◽  
B. C. Imrie

Twenty-six mungbean varieties and accessions were screened for resistance to 4 bruchid species (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). On the basis of the percentage of seeds damaged all Australian commercial mungbean varieties tested here were highly susceptible to strains of Callosobruchus maculatus and C. chinensis, the 2 species that cause most damage worldwide to mungbean in storage. In addition, 3 accessions of wild mungbean appeared to have bruchid resistance. The texture layer present on the seed coat of some mungbean varieties and small seed size may act as oviposition deterrents. Consequently, these assays for determining resistance to bruchid infestation may not be suitable for identifying biochemical resistance of some mungbean genotypes.

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaelia Nohemí Ramírez Cariño ◽  
Jesús Romero Nápoles ◽  
Jorge Vera Graziano ◽  
Armando Equihua Martínez ◽  
Néstor Bautista Martínez ◽  
...  

Los brúquidos se alimentan principalmente de semillas de leguminosas, entre las cuales se encuentran algunos cultivos de importancia económica como el frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.), lenteja (Lens culinaris Medik) y tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) entre otros, considerando al primero como la fuente principal de proteína en la dieta humana; sin embargo, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, por sus propiedades nutritivas podría sustituir al frijol, pero su principal problema es la presencia de plagas, en particular los brúquidos, los cuales ocasionan pérdidas  considerables en postcosecha, por lo que fue necesario conocer los parámetros poblacionales de Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say, 1831), Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius, 1775) procedente de dos hospederos diferentes y Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman, 1833) alimentados con V. unguiculata por medio de un estudio demográfico bajo condiciones controladas. Los parámetros poblacionales se estimaron con la técnica de tablas de vida de cohorte, la prueba de Log rank (p ≤ 0.05) y las tasas de reproducción e intervalos de confianza con la técnica no paramétrica de Traslape de Intervalos (p ≤ 0.10), para comparar tasas instantáneas de reproducción (rm), llamada también capacidad innata de incremento. Estos parámetros poblacionales fueron mayores en la emergencia de los adultos y tasas de reproducción de C. maculatus en sus dos modalidades por lo que esta especie puede ocasionar serios problemas cuando se presenta asociado con V. unguiculata; sin embargo, A. obtectus y Z. subfasciatus sólo si no tienen opción podríanalimentarse de V. unguiculata en condiciones de almacenamiento.


2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Mangadas Lumban Gaol ◽  
J.E.D. Fox

The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent are germination of A. fauntleroyi affected by seed size. Does pre-treatment improve germination? Under what temperature regime does most seed germinate? Three seed size classes (small, medium and large) were chosen. Seeds were pre-treatments either at ambient, 50°C, 75°C or 100°C and incubated at 15°C or 30°C. Then, number of seed that germinate and speed of germination were measure. Five seeds representing each of small, medium and large seed sizes were also selected and the seed coat thickness measured. Seed size, pre-treatment temperature and incubation temperature all affected the number of seed that germinated. Pre-treatment temperature affected germination more than incubation temperature. Incubation temperature affected germination more than seed size. The interaction of seed size and pre-treatment temperature was stronger than that between seed size and incubation temperature. Small seeds produce less germination than medium or large seeds, however small seed germinated sooner. Seed coat thickness varied among seed sizes. Thinner seed coats occur in smaller than larger seeds.


2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiarles Tezolim Silva ◽  
Fábio Medeiros da Costa

Abstract. Beans are a staple component of human diet. However, grain storage for consumption is difficult due to pest attack. The objective of the present study was to conduct a survey of insects acting on the beans Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Vigna unguiculata (L.) in commercial stores in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. Samples were collected in small, medium-sized, and large markets. Percent infestation and weight loss caused by insects was evaluated during nine weeks. For V. unguiculata, 3.70% infestation was recorded from store PT 7 and the medium-sized market; the most serious situation occurred on the fifth week, when infestation reached 2.93%; weight loss was recorded from PT2 and PT7, with 19.19 g and 23.57 g. For P. vulgaris, infestation reached 3.70% in material from PT6; in small markets, infestation attained 0.84%; on the ninth week, 1.29% was recorded; weight loss from insects infestation occurred in samples from PT1 and PT6, 18.50 g and 9.78 g. Insect species found were Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) and Acanthoscelides obtectus Say. Insect infestation did not significantly differ between both bean species.Levantamento dos Insetos que Atacam os Grãos de Feijão Armazenado Vigna unguiculata (L.) e Phaseolus vulgaris L.em Porto Velho, Rondônia, BrasilResumo. O feijão é um componente fundamental na alimentação dos seres humanos. Entretanto, o armazenamento dos grãos para consumo se torna uma enorme dificuldade devido ao ataque de insetos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento de insetos que atacam feijão armazenado Phaseolus vulgaris L. e Vigna unguiculata (L.) em estabelecimentos comerciais de Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brasil. As amostras foram coletadas em mercados de pequeno, médio e grande porte, nas quais foi avaliado o percentual de infestação e perda de peso ocasionado pelos insetos durante nove semanas. Para V. unguiculata PT 7 registrou 3,70% de infestação, o mercado de médio porte atingiu 3,70%, a 5ª semana foi a mais agravante alcançando 2,93% de infestação, já a perda de peso ocorreu em PT2 e PT7 sendo 19,19 g e 23,57 g. Para P. vulgaris a infestação em PT6 chegou a 3,70% , em mercados de porte pequeno a infestação resultou em 0,84%, na 9ª semana observou-se 1,29%, em relação a perda de peso por infestação de insetos ocorreram em PT1 e PT6, sendo de 18,50 g e 9,78 g. As espécies de insetos encontradas foram Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabr.), Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) e Acanthoscelides obtectus Say,em ambas as espécies de feijão não houve diferença significativa em relação as infestações pelas pragas.


2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
In Youl Baek ◽  
Won Young Han ◽  
Jong Min Ko ◽  
Hyun Tae Kim ◽  
Myeong Gi Jeon ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
In Youl Baek ◽  
Won Young Han ◽  
Jong Min Ko ◽  
Hyun Tae Kim ◽  
Myeong Gi Jeon ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyeyemi O. Ajayi ◽  
Michael A. Held ◽  
Allan M. Showalter

Abstract Background Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) are heavily glycosylated with type II arabinogalactan (AG) polysaccharides attached to hydroxyproline residues in their protein backbone. Type II AGs are necessary for plant growth and critically important for the establishment of normal cellular functions. Despite the importance of type II AGs in plant development, our understanding of the underlying role of these glycans/sugar residues in mucilage formation and seed coat epidermal cell development is poorly understood and far from complete. One such sugar residue is the glucuronic acid residues of AGPs that are transferred onto AGP glycans by the action of β-glucuronosyltransferase genes/enzymes. Results Here, we have characterized two β-glucuronosyltransferase genes, GLCAT14A and GLCAT14C, that are involved in the transfer of β-glucuronic acid (GlcA) to type II AGs. Using a reverse genetics approach, we observed that glcat14a-1 mutants displayed subtle alterations in mucilage pectin homogalacturonan (HG) compared to wild type (WT), while glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants displayed much more severe mucilage phenotypes, including loss of adherent mucilage and significant alterations in cellulose ray formation and seed coat morphology. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed significant alterations in the sugar amounts of glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants relative to WT in the adherent and non-adherent seed mucilage. Also, a reduction in total mucilage content was observed in glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants relative to WT. In addition, glcat14a-1glcat14c-1 mutants showed defects in pectin formation, calcium content and the degree of pectin methyl-esterification (DM) as well as reductions in crystalline cellulose content and seed size. Conclusions These results raise important questions regarding cell wall polymer interactions and organization during mucilage formation. We propose that the enzymatic activities of GLCAT14A and GLCAT14C play partially redundant roles and are required for the organization of the mucilage matrix and seed size in Arabidopsis thaliana. This work brings us a step closer towards identifying potential gene targets for engineering plant cell walls for industrial applications.


2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim N. Hamilton ◽  
Sarah E. Ashmore ◽  
Rod A. Drew ◽  
Hugh W. Pritchard

Combinational traits of seed size and seed-coat hardness in Citrus garrawayi (F.M.Bailey) (syn. of Microcitrus garrowayi) were investigated as markers for estimation of seed morphological and physiological maturity. Seed size (length) and coat hardness correlated well with changes in seed coat and embryo morphological development, dry-weight accumulation, decreases in moisture content and a significant increase in germinability. Seed moisture content decreased from 82 ± 1% in immature seeds to 40 ± 1% at seed maturation. The outer integument of immature seeds consisted of thin-walled epidermal fibres from which outgrowths of emerging protrusions were observed. In comparison, mature seed coats were characterised by the thickening of the cell walls of the epidermal fibres from which arose numerous protrusions covered by an extensive mucilage layer. Immature seeds, with incomplete embryo and seed-coat histodiffereniation, had a low mean germination percentage of 4 ± 4%. Premature seeds, with a differentiated embryonic axis, were capable of much higher levels of germination (51 ± 10%) before the attainment of mass maturity. Mature seeds, with the most well differentiated embryonic axis and maximum mean dry weight, had the significantly highest level of germination (88 ± 3%).


1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Osman Khidir ◽  
H. El Gizouli Osman

SummaryIn 90 local sesame types there was some association between seed coat colour and seed size, stem height, number of branches, number of pods, yield per plant and earliness. Forty-five coefficients show the degree of correlation between ten agronomic characters. Yield was significantly and positively correlated with all characters except the number of days to first flowering and to first maturity. Stem height, number of pods per plant and seed size seem to be the best criteria for selection in sesame.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document