The activity of the thyroid glands in relation to genetic differences in wool production

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Williams ◽  
KJ Thornberry ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Dietary Regime ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Twelve adult castrate male Merino sheep from each of two flocks, genetically different in their capacity for clean wool production, were allocated to a high (H: 0.81 kg digestible dry matter day-1; 26 g N day-1) or low dietary regime (L: 0.42 kg digestible dry matter day-1; 9.5 g N day-1). The sheep weighed 47 kg (s.e. =0.8) at the start of the experiment, with sheep from the two genetic groups having similar average liveweights. The dietary treatments were imposed for between 4 and 10 weeks before eight samples of venous blood were collected from each sheep during 24 h. Each sheep was then injected with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), (1.25 unit/sheep) before seven samples of blood were collected during the following 24 h. The plasma from these blood samples was assayed for total thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3). There were no significant differences between the flocks in either T3 or T4 before or after the injection of TSH. We concluded that differences in the activity of the thyroid gland were not necessary for the establishment of genetic variation in the rate of wool growth. The circulating levels of both T4 and T3 were greater in the sheep receiving the H dietary regime (T4: 81.4 v. 55.8 nmol L-1; P<0.5 and T3: 1.8 v. 1.0 nmol L-1; P<0.05). These differences were maintained after the injection of TSH, which approximately doubled the pre-injection levels of T4 in plasma 9-10 h after the injection. The levels of T3 also increased after the injection, reaching a maximum which was 2.3 times the average pre-injection concentration after 4-5 h.

A comparative investigation of the volumes of plasma and extracellular fluids and the renal clearances of urea and creatinine in Merino sheep from flocks with different genetic capacities for wool growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311
Author(s):  
AJ Williams ◽  
KJ Thornberry ◽  
H Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Renal Clearances ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Adult castrate male Merino sheep (n = 24; average liveweight 47 kg), from two flocks, differing in their genetic capacity for wool growth as a result of selective breeding for clean fleece weight, consumed one of two diets, differing in both quality (i.e. digestibility and nitrogen content) and quantity, termed L and H. The L (low) and H (high) diets supplied 0.42 and 0.81 kg digestible dry matter day-' and 9.5 and 26.0 g nitrogen day-I respectively. We compared the volumes of plasma and extracellular fluids, as well as the concentration of urea in plasma and the rate of clearance of urea by the kidneys of sheep from these two genetic groups, consuming the different diets. The average plasma volume of these sheep, estimated from the dilution of Evan's Blue in plasma, was 2.24 L (s.e. 0.08). The average volume of extracellular fluid, estimated from the dilution of 35S-sulfate, was 10.3 L (s.e. 0.4). These distributional volumes were similar in sheep from the two genetic groups and were not influenced by the dietary treatments. The sheep consuming the H diet maintained significantly greater concentrations of urea-nitrogen in their plasma (7.2 v. 2.8 mmol L-1: s.e. 0.3) and cleared both urea (37.1 v. 16.1 mL min-I : s.e. 5.3) and creatinine (87 v. 49 mL min-1 : s.e. 11) at significantly greater rates from the plasma. The sheep from the two genetic groups had similar average values for these three traits.

Effect of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone on serum thyroxin and thyroid scintigraphy in euthyroid cats

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid M. van Hoek ◽  
Kathelijne Peremans ◽  
Eva Vandermeulen ◽  
Luc Duchateau ◽  
Kris Gommeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Uptake Ratio ◽  
Thyroid Scintigraphy ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

This study investigated the thyroidal response to administration of recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) by means of serum total thyroxine (TT4) concentration and pertechnetate uptake by the thyroid gland in six healthy euthyroid spayed female cats. A pertechnetate scan was performed on day 1 to calculate thyroid/salivary gland (T/S) uptake ratio. On day 3, 25 μg rhTSH was injected intravenously. Six hours later the thyroid scan was repeated as on day 1. Blood was drawn for serum TT4 measurement prior to injection of rhTSH and performance of the pertechnetate scan. Statistically significant differences in mean serum TT4 concentration, T/S uptake ratio before and 6 h after rhTSH administration and T/S uptake ratio between left and right lobes were noted. We can conclude that 25 μg rhTSH increases pertechnetate uptake in the thyroid glands of cats, this should be taken into account when thyroid scintigraphy after rhTSH administration is interpreted.

Infants Diagnosed with Athyreosis on Scintigraphy May Have a Gland Present on Ultrasound and Have Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Niamh McGrath ◽  
Colin Patrick Hawkes ◽  
Stephanie Ryan ◽  
Philip Mayne ◽  
Nuala Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rule Out

Scintigraphy using technetium-99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) is the gold standard for imaging the thyroid gland in infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) and is the most reliable method of diagnosing an ectopic thyroid gland. One of the limitations of scintigraphy is the possibility that no uptake is detected despite the presence of thyroid tissue, leading to the spurious diagnosis of athyreosis. Thyroid ultrasound is a useful adjunct to detect thyroid tissue in the absence of <sup>99m</sup>Tc uptake. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> We aimed to describe the incidence of sonographically detectable in situ thyroid glands in infants scintigraphically diagnosed with athyreosis using <sup>99m</sup>Tc and to describe the clinical characteristics and natural history in these infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The newborn screening records of all infants diagnosed with CHT between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. Those diagnosed with CHT and athyreosis confirmed on scintigraphy were invited to attend a thyroid ultrasound. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 488 infants diagnosed with CHT during the study period, 18/73 (24.6%) infants with absent uptake on scintigraphy had thyroid tissue visualised on ultrasound (3 hypoplastic thyroid glands and 15 eutopic glands). The median serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration at diagnosis was significantly lower than that in infants with confirmed athyreosis (no gland on ultrasound and no uptake on scintigraphy) (74 vs. 270 mU/L), and median free T4 concentration at diagnosis was higher (11.9 vs. 3.9 pmol/L). Six of 10 (60%) infants with no uptake on scintigraphy but a eutopic gland on ultrasound had transient CHT. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Absent uptake on scintigraphy in infants with CHT does not rule out a eutopic gland, especially in infants with less elevated TSH concentrations. Clinically, adding thyroid ultrasound to the diagnostic evaluation of infants who have athyreosis on scintigraphy may avoid committing some infants with presumed athyreosis to lifelong levothyroxine treatment.

Treated sugarcane bagasse for maintenance of sheep in Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
D.M.S.S. Vitti ◽  
N.L. del Mastro ◽  
M.S. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Wool Production

Several treatments for increasing digestibility of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) have been studied in Brazil for many years (Abdalla et al., 1990). Despite some improvements in in situ digestibility obtained with steam and pressure treatments, the SCB has not performed well when given to cattle (Mello Junior, et al., 1989). More recently, irradiation and ammonia has been tested in studies to improve the digestibility of SCB, rice and corn straw, rice and soybean hulls and others rough feed. The purpose of the present experiment was aimed to determine the intake, body weight changes, wool production and microbial synthesis in sheep fed with grass hay (Cynodon dactilon) or SCB treated with 600kGy of radiation and ammonia (20g/kg dry matter (DM)).

scholarly journals Habituation of thermal sensations, skin temperatures, and norepinephrine in men exposed to cold air

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1211-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leppäluoto ◽  
I. Korhonen ◽  
J. Hassi
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cold Sensation ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Skin Temperatures

We studied habituation processes by exposing six healthy men to cold air (2 h in a 10°C room) daily for 11 days. During the repeated cold exposures, the general cold sensations and those of hand and foot became habituated so that they were already significantly less intense after the first exposure and remained habituated to the end of the experiment. The decreases in skin temperatures and increases in systolic blood pressure became habituated after four to six exposures, but their habituations occurred only at a few time points during the 120-min cold exposure and vanished by the end of the exposures. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine and triiodothyronine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and total proteins were measured before and after the 120-min cold exposure on days 0, 5, and 10. The increase in norepinephrine response became reduced on days 5 and 10 and that of proteins on day 10, suggesting that the sympathetic nervous system became habituated and hemoconcentration became attenuated. Thus repeated cold-air exposures lead to habituations of cold sensation and norepinephrine response and to attenuation of hemoconcentration, which provide certain benefits to those humans who have to stay and work in cold environments.

scholarly journals A comparison of first-, second- and third-cut timothy silages in the diets of finishing beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Kalevi Huuskonen ◽  
Maiju Pesonen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Vitamin Mixture

The objective of the present experiment was to study the effects of the third-cut grass silage compared with the first- and second-cut silages on intake, performance and carcass characteristics of finishing bulls. A feeding experiment comprised 45 Simmental bulls which were fed a total mixed ration ad libitum. The three dietary treatments included either first-, second- or third-cut grass silage (550 g kg-1 dry matter), rolled barley (435 g kg-1 dry matter) and a mineral-vitamin mixture (15 g kg-1 dry matter). Dry matter and energy intakes and growth rates of the bulls increased when either first- or third-cut silages were used instead of the second-cut silage. This was probably due to differences in digestibility, which was the lowest in the second-cut silage. There were no differences in intake or growth between the first- and third-cut silage-based rations. No significant differences in carcass traits among the feeding treatments were observed.

scholarly journals Kajian Mutu dan Palatibilitas Silase dan Hay Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Organik Primer pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmadi Yusmadi ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Muhammad Ridla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Measuring Ph

The quality and palatibility of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in peranakan etawah (PE) poadABSTRACT. This research was conducted to study the quality and palatability of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in nine heads of Peranakan Etawah (PE) Goat. The quality of silage and hay was evaluated By measuring pH, total number of lactic acid Bacteria (LAB), palatability, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) aroma and color of silage. Nine heads of peranakan etawah were grouped based on their lactation periode and randomly assigned to one of tree dietary treatments. The treatments were (1) Control rations; (2) silage complete ration (SRK); and (3) Hay complete ration (HRK). The results indicated that the silage had PH 4.15 and total number of LAB was 2.4 x 10 cfu/g of silage. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of SRK were better than those of HRK. The palatability of SRK was higher than HRK but less than control. Storage of SRK for did not change dry matter and organic matter content. Organoleptic analysis indicated that texture and color of HRK were changed at after storage, while SRK was still constant. It is concluded that silage composed of organic primer garbage has high quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, prolong storage.

scholarly journals Low Dose Ketoconazole Therapy and Thyroid Functions in Rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Çaksen ◽  
Ahmet Tutuş ◽  
Selim Kurtoğlu ◽  
Figen Öztürk ◽  
Yüksel Okumuş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Glands

To determine whether low dose ketoconazole (KTZ) has antithyroid action, we studied thyroid function tests in the 13 rats treated with KTZ (20 mg/kg twice daily) for thirty days. Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were decreased (P <0.05) and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were mildly increased (P >0.05) at the end of treatment. Histopathological analysis of the thyroid glands demonstrated an increase in cylindrical cells in study group, but the epithelial cells were mainly cubical in control group. These findings showed that low dose KTZ had antithyroid effect in rats. The responsible mechanisms may be direct effect of the drug on thyroid gland.

Clinical and Morphologic Findings of Familial Goiter in Bongo Antelope (Tragelaphus eurycerus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Schiller ◽  
R. J. Montali ◽  
S. Doi ◽  
E. F. Grollman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Congenital Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Familial Goiter

Inherited defects of thyroglobulin synthesis resulting in congenital goiter are well described in certain breeds of domestic ungulates and in human beings. Goiter associated with synthesis of an abnormal thyroglobulin and the presence of thyroidal albumin was identified in five closely related bongo antelopes ( Tragelaphus eurycerus). The goiter had an adult onset, and the affected bongos appeared to remain euthyroid with normal serum T3 and T4 values, normal serum cholesterol concentrations, and nonelevated concentrations of circulating thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Goitrous bongos had significant reproductive difficulties, including reduced cyclic activity and prolonged gestations, but were otherwise normal. Over the course of the disease, the thyroid glands greatly enlarged (up to 10 × 20 cm) and became polycystic. Microscopically, there was an admixture of giant colloid-filled follicles and follicles of normal size lined with variable follicular epithelium ranging from squamoid to mildly to moderately hyperplastic. The pathogenesis of goiter in the bongo may reflect a mixture of genetic predisposition coupled with environmental factors, including a period of exposure to a goitrogen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document