Immunization against somatotropin release inhibiting factor improves digestibility of food, growth and wool production of crossbred lambs

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
YX Sun ◽  
GL Drane ◽  
SD Currey ◽  
ND Lehner ◽  
JM Gooden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin ◽  
Inhibiting Factor

Crossbred ewe lambs [Dorset Horn X (Border Leicester X Merino)] fed chopped 1ucerne:rolled barley in the proportions 2:1 at either 36 g kg-1 liveweight (moderate intake) or 40 g kg-1 (high intake) were immunized on four occasions at intervals of 25 days with a conjugate of somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SRIF) and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Before the fourth immunization, some of the barley was replaced with fish meal so that the diet contained 10% by weight air dry of fish meal. Antibodies against SRIF were detected in plasma from 10 out of 12 immunized lambs after the second immunization; two lambs on the high feed intake failed to produce measurable antibodies even after four immunizations. In the lambs producing antibodies, plasma concentrations of growth hormone, insulin and non-esterified fatty acids were similar to concentrations for non-immunized (control) lambs, but plasma concentrations of glucose were increased in the immunized lambs on the moderate intake. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter and nitrogen as well as nitrogen retention rates were greater for immunized than control lambs, with differences being significant for lambs on the moderate intake. Liveweight gains and growth rates over the experiment were significantly increased by immunization in lambs on the moderate intake and tended to increase for lambs on the high intake, but there were no effects of immunization on body composition. Wool growth and diameter of wool fibres increased after the second or third immunization, and in most cases the increase was significant. When fish meal was included in the diet, plasma glucose and growth rates decreased and wool fibre diameter increased in all lambs. Differences between immunized and control lambs were maintained.

Nitrogen utilization and wool production by sheep

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 335 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Reis ◽  
PG Schinckel
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Stable Level ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

The utilization of nitrogen was examined in sheep fed several diets; in some experiments the diet was supplemented with soluble casein given directly into the abomasum through a fistula. Casein supplements per abomasum were almost completely digested and absorbed. At the highest level of casein supplementation (55 g casein nitrogen per day) 95% of the casein was digested and absorbed. An increase in nitrogen intake resulted in an immediate increase in nitrogen balance, followed by a gradual return towards a stable level. There was also an immediate response of faecal and urinary nitrogen excretion to a change in nitrogen intake. Most of the adjustment in urinary nitrogen excretion occurred within 4 days, this period being followed by a gradual change towards a stable level of excretion during the next 6 weeks. Much higher levels of nitrogen retention were obtained from casein administered per abomasum than from similar levels of nitrogen given per os. Changes in wool production also occurred following changes in the nitrogen intake per 0s. The observed changes were variable, depending on the sheep and the feed change involved, and periods of up to 10 weeks were required before the rate of wool production became stable following a change in nutrition. Casein supplementation per abomasum resulted in a substantial increase in wool production and in a rapid increase in wool fibre diameter; most of the increase in fibre diameter occurred in the first week of supplementation. The efficiency of conversion of dietary nitrogen into wool nitrogen was much higher in experiments where a casein supplement was administered per abomasum than in experiments involving normal feeding; possible reasons for this difference are discussed.

Intensive beef production 5. The effect of different sources of protein on nitrogen retention

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Bowers ◽  
T. R. Preston ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
I. McDonald ◽  
Euphemia B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Different Sources

SUMMARY1. Nitrogen balance studies were made on 8 Friesian steers given allconcentrate diets containing fish meal, soya bean meal, groundnut meal or cottonseed meal.2. There were no differences in nitrogen retention but voluntary feed intake was significantly lower on the fish meal diet.3. Adjustment of nitrogen retention to constant dry matter intake resulted in significantly higher values for the diets containing fish meal and cottonseed meal than for the others.4. Rumen pH, rumen ammonia and blood urea were all much lower on the fish meal diet.

Nutrition of the early-weaned calf. IX. Nitrogen retention from different protein sources in calves fed ad libitum

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
T. R. Preston ◽  
N. A. MacLeod ◽  
Euphemia B. Philip
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Groundnut Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

1. Nitrogen balance studies were conducted on 8 early-weaned calves fed on four diets containing respectively Peruvian fish meal, soya bean meal, groundnut meal and dried distillers grains as the major sources of protein.2. Nitrogen retention differed significantly between diets, being highest on the fish meal diet, and lowest on the groundnut diet.

Effects of guanidinoacetic acid supplementation on nitrogen retention and methionine flux in cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrnaz Ardalan ◽  
Matt D Miesner ◽  
Christopher D Reinhardt ◽  
Daniel U Thomson ◽  
Cheryl K Armendariz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Plot Design

Abstract Creatine stores high-energy phosphate bonds in muscle and is synthesized in the liver through methylation of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA). Supplementation of GAA may therefore increase methyl group requirements, and this may affect methyl group utilization. Our experiment evaluated the metabolic responses of growing cattle to postruminal supplementation of GAA, in a model where methionine (Met) was deficient, with and without Met supplementation. Seven ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (161 kg initial body weight [BW]) were limit-fed a soybean hull-based diet (2.7 kg/d dry matter) and received continuous abomasal infusions of an essential amino acid (AA) mixture devoid of Met to ensure that no AA besides Met limited animal performance. To provide energy without increasing the microbial protein supply, all steers received ruminal infusions of 200 g/d acetic acid, 200 g/d propionic acid, and 50 g/d butyric acid, as well as abomasal infusions of 300 g/d glucose. Treatments, provided abomasally, were arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial in a split-plot design, and included 0 or 6 g/d of l-Met and 0, 7.5, and 15 g/d of GAA. The experiment included six 10-d periods. Whole body Met flux was measured using continuous jugular infusion of 1-13C-l-Met and methyl-2H3-l-Met. Nitrogen retention was elevated by Met supplementation (P < 0.01). Supplementation with GAA tended to increase N retention when it was supplemented along with Met, but not when it was supplemented without Met. Supplementing GAA linearly increased plasma concentrations of GAA and creatine (P < 0.001), but treatments did not affect urinary excretion of GAA, creatine, or creatinine. Supplementation with Met decreased plasma homocysteine (P < 0.01). Supplementation of GAA tended (P = 0.10) to increase plasma homocysteine when no Met was supplemented, but not when 6 g/d Met was provided. Protein synthesis and protein degradation were both increased by GAA supplementation when no Met was supplemented, but decreased by GAA supplementation when 6 g/d Met were provided. Loss of Met through transsulfuration was increased by Met supplementation, whereas synthesis of Met from remethylation of homocysteine was decreased by Met supplementation. No differences in transmethylation, transsulfuration, or remethylation reactions were observed in response to GAA supplementation. The administration of GAA, when methyl groups are not limiting, has the potential to improve lean tissue deposition and cattle growth.

Passively-acquired antibodies to somatotropin release inhibiting factor (SRIF) increase appetite and growth of milk-fed lambs

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
SL Westbrook ◽  
AM Ali ◽  
GH McDowell
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Inhibiting Factor

Lambs of ewes immunized during pregnancy against somatotropin release inhibiting factor and of corresponding control ewes were separated from their dams at birth before sucking and fed artificially, for 5 weeks, milk harvested mechanically from the ewes. Seven lambs from immunized ewes and six from control ewes were fed colostrum on the day of birth, and thereafter, milli from immunized ewes. A further six lambs from immunized ewes and seven lambs from control ewes were fed colostrum and milk from control ewes. Lambs fed colostrum then milk from immunized ewes, irrespective of whether their dams had been immunized, consumed more milk and attained higher growth rates, particularly during the period from 2 to 5 weeks after birth than lambs fed colostrum and milk from control ewes. Immunized ewes showed evidence for the capacity to produce more milk at improved efficiency of foodutilization than control ewes. It is concluded that passively acquired antibodies to somatotropin release inhibiting factor increased appetite and this, together with increased milk yield of immunized ewes, would support increased growth of lambs from immunized ewes.

PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF PROLACTIN AND THYROTROPHIN DURING SUCKLING: EFFECTS OF STIMULATION OF THE MEDIAN EMINENCE

1978 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. WAKERLEY ◽  
M. B. TER HAAR
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Prolactin Release ◽  
Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Hypothalamic Level ◽  
Stimulation Of

A.R.C. Institute of Animal Physiology, Babraham, Cambridge, CB2 4AT (Received 1 November 1977) Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) can have a stimulatory effect on the release of both prolactin and thyrotrophin (TSH; Deis & Alonso, 1973), although in the rat, supraphysiological doses of TRH are required to affect the secretion of prolactin (Burnet & Wakerley, 1976). A more important factor in the control of the release of prolactin is considered to be prolactin release inhibiting factor (PIF), which is thought to act through the catecholamine, dopamine (MacLeod, 1976). Stimuli which cause the concomitant release of TSH and prolactin are thought to have a direct effect at the hypothalamic level such that neurones releasing TRH are excited, whereas those releasing PIF are inhibited. In the present work, we have tested this hypothesis using the suckling stimulus to elicit the simultaneous release of prolactin and TSH (Blake, 1974; Burnet & Wakerley, 1976). If

Influence of parasitism on plasma concentrations of growth hormone, somatomedin-C and somatomedin-binding proteins in calves

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Elsasser ◽  
T. S. Rumsey ◽  
A. C. Hammond ◽  
R. Fayer
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Somatomedin C ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT A parasitic disease model (sarcocystosis) was used to study the effects of infection and associated plane of nutrition on GH and somatomedin-C (SM-C) patterns in plasma, and SM-C binding protein patterns in plasma from 4-month-old male Holstein calves. Calves, matched by age and rate of growth before the experiment, were divided into three treatment groups (n = 7). In the first (control), animals were uninfected and food was available ad libitum; in the second, animals were infected with Sarcocystis cruzi and food was available ad libitum. The third group consisted of uninfected animals pair-fed to the level of feed intake of the infected animals. Blood samples were obtained at various times after infection for analysis of the secretory patterns of GH (day 27 after infection, samples every 10 min for 6 h), SM-C (days 27, 35 and 58 after infection) or binding protein (day 42 after infection). Samples were analysed for GH and SM-C by radioimmunoassay. Relative molecular weights of binding proteins were assessed by elution patterns from gel permeation columns. Clinical signs of infection were manifest abruptly on day 26 after infection. Voluntary feed intakes of infected calves as a per cent of control calves were 18, 46 and 78 on days 27, 35 and 58 after infection respectively. Plasma GH concentrations were lower in infected and pair-fed than in control calves (P < 0·05). Plasma SM-C concentrations were reduced in calves with diminished feed intakes and lower still in infected calves (P < 0·05). Plasma SM-C was positively correlated with nitrogen retention across treatment groups (r = 0·81). Two classes of binding proteins differing in molecular weight were identified. The relative amounts of each binding protein in plasma were reduced during low feed intake with some differences in the endogenous saturation affected by infection. These data suggest that altered growth and metabolism in parasitized calves may arise in part from both nutritional and infection-mediated effects on the regulation of GH, SM-C and SM-C binding proteins. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 191–200

Nutritional Balance Studies in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Role of Soy Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant P. Shenai ◽  
Banoo M. Jhaveri ◽  
John W. Reynolds ◽  
Robert K. Huston ◽  
S. Gorham Babson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Accretion Rates

Although a soy-based lactose-free infant formula is sometimes used for feeding very low-birth-weight infants, the nutritional adequacy of this diet has not been thoroughly investigated. This study used the metabolic balance technique to compare nutrient retention rates in 19 very low-birth-weight (&lt;1,530 gm) infants fed either a soy-based formula or a conventional milk-based formula. Serum chemistries and anthropometric measurements were assessed serially. The soy isolate supplemented with methionine as the sole dietary protein appeared to be adequately utilized, and nitrogen retention rates comparable to fetal accretion rates could be achieved in soy-fed infants in the limited period of study. The absence of lactose in the diet of soy-fed infants did not interfere with calcium metabolism. However, phosphorus absorption was diminished with the feeding of soy formula, which resulted in relative hypophosphatemia. Although the soy-fed infants showed increased renal conservation of phosphorus during the study period, the lesser absorption may, over time, stress phosphorus homeostatic control mechanisms. It is concluded that routine use of soy formula without specific therapeutic indications is undesirable in feeding very low-birth-weight infants. Extended use of such a formulation needs to be monitored for potential adverse effects on skeletal mineralization.

Short Children and Growth Hormone

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
KENNETH C. COPELAND
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Somatomedin C ◽  
Short Children ◽  
Provocative Testing

To the Editor.— The article by Bright et al1 was a provocative description of two subjects with short stature, normal growth hormone (GH) responses to provocative testing, and low somatomedin-C (SM-C) concentrations, which increased after administration of GH. The authors conclude that the short stature in these individuals may be due to a biologically inactive GH molecule or to decreased dose responsiveness to GH of SM-producing cells. Their data also seem compatible with a third possibility: normal short children respond to GH administration with increases in SM-C plasma concentrations and growth rates.

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