Contribution of osmotic adjustment to grain yield in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench under water-limited conditions. II. Water stress after anthesis

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Ludlow ◽  
JM Santamaria ◽  
S Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Distribution Index ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The contribution of osmotic adjustment to grain yield in Sorghum bicolor (L.) subjected to water stress between anthesis and maturity was studied using six entries. Three of the entries (Goldrush, E57, and DK470) were selected for high osmotic adjustment and the other three (Texas 610SR, Texas 671, and SC 219-9-19-1) for low osmotic adjustment, and divided into early, intermediate and late maturity groups. Entries were either well watered, or subjected to a 50-day period of water shortage after anthesis following being well-watered prior to anthesis. Entries selected for high osmotic adjustment had mean values of osmotic adjustment at the end of the post-anthesis stress more than double those selected for low osmotic adjustment. The corresponding mean grain yield of entries with high osmotic adjustment were 24% higher than that of entries with low osmotic adjustment. The higher yield was due to both more and larger grains, and it was associated with higher harvest index and distribution index. At best, the difference in dry matter at maturity could explain only a few per cent of the difference in grain yield between entries with low and high osmotic adjustment. Water stress prior to anthesis (previous paper) reduced yield more than a post-anthesis stress of the same intensity. However, osmotic adjustment was equally effective in minimizing the reduction in grain yields in both stages. The use of osmotic adjustment as a selection trait in programs to improve the yield of grain sorghum is briefly discussed.

Contribution of osmotic adjustment to grain yield in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench under water-limited conditions. I. Water stress before anthesis

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Santamaria ◽  
MM Ludlow ◽  
S Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Maturity Groups

The contribution of osmotic adjustment to grain yield in Sorghum bicolor (L.) subjected to water stress before anthesis was studied using six entries. Three of the entries (Goldrush, E57, and DK470) were selected for high osmotic adjustment and the other three (Texas 6 1 OSR, Texas 67 1, and SC 219-9-1 9-1) for low osmotic adjustment, and divided into early, intermediate and late maturity groups. Entries were either well watered, or subjected to a 41-day period of water shortage prior to anthesis and well watered for the remainder of their growth. Entries selected for higher osmotic adjustment developed higher levels of osmotic adjustment during the pre-anthesis stress period than those selected for low osmotic adjustment in intermediate and late maturity groups, but not in the early group. However, the level of osmotic adjustment was not related to the maturity group, when water stress was imposed at the same developmental stage. Entries with high osmotic adjustment produced higher grain yields than those with low osmotic adjustment. The response varied from 15% for the mean of all maturity groups to 34% for the mean of intermediate and late groups, where there were significant differences in osmotic adjustment. The higher mean grain yield was due mainly to a larger grain number (19%). Even though entries with high osmotic adjustment bad a greater root length, soil water extraction and dry matter production during the pre-anthesis stress period, there was no significant difference in dry matter yield at physiological maturity between low and high osmotic adjustment groups. Consequently, the higher mean grain yield was related solely to a higher harvest index (27%), which was associated with a higher distribution index (25%) and a higher grain number (19%). A detailed analysis is given of the mechanisms by which osmotic adjustment contributed to grain yield in plants subjected to a pre-anthesis stress.

Growth and yield of sorghum lines extracted from a population for differences in osmotic adjustment

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tangpremsri ◽  
S Fukai ◽  
KS Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Glasshouse Experiment ◽  
The Difference

From 47 S2 lines which had been extracted from a random mated population of sorghum, eight lines for a glasshouse experiment and four lines for a field experiment were divergently selected for variation in osmotic adjustment, and were grouped into two, High and Low osmotic adjustment (OA). Both the glasshouse and field experiments examined whether osmotic adjustment modified the plants' response to soil water deficit and also whether grain sink demand for assimilates, varied by removal of 50% spikelets, affected osmotic adjustment. In each experiment, there were well-watered control and water stress treatments. In both experiments, the dawn osmotic potential in the High OA group was always lower than in the Low OA group under water limiting conditions, and the difference was significant after anthesis. The difference in osmotic potential was about 0.1 MPa in the field and up to 0.25 MPa in the glasshouse. In the glasshouse experiment, removal of 50% spikelets at anthesis significantly decreased osmotic potential during grain filling, suggesting that osmotic adjustment is influenced by the availability of assimilates in the leaves. Under well-watered conditions, the two groups behaved very similarly in terms of maximum leaf area, green leaf area retention during grain filling, total dry matter production, grain yield and grain number in both experiments. Under water-limiting conditions, the High OA group produced larger maximum leaf area and had better leaf retention during grain filling. Despite similar water use, total dry matter was also significantly higher in the High OA group though the difference was small. Grain number was also greater in this group in both experiments, whereas grain yield was significantly higher in the High OA group in the field, but not in the glasshouse where severe water stress developed more rapidly. It is concluded that the adverse effect of water stress can be reduced by adopting sorghum genotypes with high osmotic adjustment. However, selection for high osmotic adjustment needs to ensure that osmotic adjustment is not solely due to small head size.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Application Efficiency on Two Local Sorghum Cultivars Sorghum bicolor L. Moench

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Abdulla A. Mohamed Muflahi ◽  
Ahmed Saleh Basuaid
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A field experiment was carried out at El-Kod Agricultural Research Station, Abyan Delta, Abyan Governorate during the seasons 2014 and 2015 in soil sandy silt to assess four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N/ha) utilizing urea fertilizer (46% N) on some crop characteristics and efficiency of nitrogen application on two local cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Split plot design was applied in four replicates. Fertilizer levels were distributed in main plots whereas, the cultivars in subplots. The results revealed significant differences between cultivars Benny and Saif in all characteristics during the two seasons. Cultivar Benny was significantly superior to cultivar Saif in all crop characteristics, except the length of spike which was significantly superior in Saif cultivar compared to cultivar Benny in both seasons. The increase in nitrogen level led to significant increase in all parameters of crop growth under study in both seasons, where the highest dose of nitrogen (165 kg N/ha) gave highest grain yield (3013 and 3201 kg/ha) in both seasons respectively, while the efficiency of nitrogen utilization declined with increased level of nitrogen application and highest value in nitrogen efficiency (12.78 kg grain/kg N). The interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilizer showed significant differences in terms of all studied parameters during both seasons. The cultivar Benny responded to high level of nitrogen (165 kg N/ha) and gave high grain yield (3640 and 3305 kg/ha) in both seasons respectively. The results yielded significant effect for efficiency of nitrogen application on grain yield between the cultivars, the levels of fertilizers and their interaction in the first season whereas, no significant differences were detected in the second season.

Supplementation of potassium alleviates water stress‐induced changes in Sorghum bicolor L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Tittal ◽  
Rayees Ahmad Mir ◽  
Keshav Singh Jatav ◽  
Rajiv Mohan Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

scholarly journals Effects of Green Manure on Soil Properties and Grain Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Sung-Kook Kim ◽  
◽  
Gun-Ho Jung ◽  
Sung-Hyu Shin ◽  
Mim-Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L
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