The tolerance of wheat to high temperatures during reproductive growth. I. Survey procedures and general response patterns

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
IA Dawson ◽  
P Munibi ◽  
R Fewster
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
General Response ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Selected cultivars of wheat from both a wide geographic and genetic background were examined under controlled conditions in the Canberra phytotron, for their response to high temperature at three stages of development: booting (late ear development), anthesis (pollination and fertilization) and grain growth (from 6 days after anthesis to maturity).The overall response to temperature, based on 28 cultivars from Afghanistan, Australia, Europe, India, Mexico, the Middle East and north Africa, demonstrated the sensitivity ofgrain number to high temperature during booting and the sensitivity of weight per grain to high temperature after anthesis. The data indicate a general reduction in yield per ear of 3-4% for each 1�C rise in temperature above a mean of 15�C. The response to temperature varied with the stage of development, and some cultivars sensitive to high temperature at booting were amongst the least sensitive during grain development. Also, the temperature response was found to be dependent on light, with an enhanced sensitivity to high temperature at low irradiance (<10 MJ m-2 day-1). The data did not reveal any clear relationship between the response to temperature, and weight per grain, the number of grains in a head or grains per spikelet of control (18/13�C) plants.

scholarly journals Analysis of effects in wheat of high temperature on grain filling attributes estimated from mathematical models of grain filling

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ZAHEDI ◽  
C. F. JENNER
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Response To Temperature

Compared with growth at 20/15°C (day/night), exposure of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants to moderately high temperature (30/25°C) significantly decreased grain weight through shortening the duration of grain filling, combined with small (or no) positive increases in the rate of grain filling. Several mathematical models of grain filling were assessed for their suitability as means of analysing these effects of temperature. The ordinary logistic model was found to be the most appropriate model and was used for the analysis of grain filling responses in four cultivars differing in their responses. Genotypic variation in response to temperature was observed for both rate and duration of grain filling, but the variation for the duration of grain filling among cultivars was small at the higher temperature. Significant correlation was found between single grain weight with the rate, but not with the duration, of grain filling at high temperature, which indicated an important role for synthetic processes involved in grain filling in the temperature sensitivity of wheat cultivars. As they are independent traits, both rate and duration are required selection criteria for the improvement of heat tolerance. Responses of one attribute estimated from the logistic model, the inflection point of the course of grain filling, may give insight into a temperature response that is distinguishable from that associated with the duration of grain filling. The inflection point appears to be worth including as a criterion in selecting for high temperature tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION FOR TEMPERATURE RESPONSE IN ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 547-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. McLAUGHLIN ◽  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Response To Temperature

Physiological studies had indicated that low mid-summer yields of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) can be attributed to high temperature. A program was initiated to study genetic variation for response to high temperatures. Two thousand genotypes were grown from seed in the growth room at 20/15 °C, harvested twice, then grown at 30/25 °C for two more harvests. A great deal of variation among genotypes was found to exist for response to temperature. Genotypes that were found to yield well at higher temperatures tended to be early-maturing with few stems per plant. Genotypes that yielded well at low temperatures tended to be later in maturity and to have a large number of stems. Based upon dry matter yields, 300 genotypes were selected to represent differences in responses, namely: 100 had high yields at high temperature only; 100, high at low temperature only; and 100, high at both temperatures. These selections were transplanted to the field for subsequent field trials to substantiate growth room findings. Little or no relationship was found between growth room performance and field performance. This lack of association was due in part to winter injury experienced the first year. In addition, temperatures experienced in the field were much lower than those used indoors.

Study on characteristics of schottky temperature detector based on metal/n-ZnO/n-Si structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Wang ◽  
Jingkai Wei ◽  
Caixia Guo ◽  
Tao Ma ◽  
Linqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Large Temperature ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
High Temperature Measurement ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Schottky Structure

Background: At present, the main problems of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) temperature detector focus on the narrow range of temperature detection, difficulty of the high temperature measurement. Besides, MEMS devices have different response characteristics for various surrounding temperature in the petrochemical and metallurgy application fields with high-temperature and harsh conditions. To evaluate the performance stability of the hightemperature MEMS devices, the real-time temperature measurement is necessary. Objective: A schottky temperature detector based on the metal/n-ZnO/n-Si structures is designed to measure high temperature (523~873K) for the high-temperature MEMS devices with large temperature range. Method: By using the finite element method (FEM), three different work function metals (Cu, Ni and Pt) contact with the n-ZnO are investigated to realize Schottky. At room temperature (298K) and high temperature (523~873K), the current densities with various bias voltages (J-V) are studied. Results: The simulation results show that the high temperature response power consumption of three schottky detectors of Cu, Ni and Pt decreases successively, which are 1.16 mW, 63.63 μW and 0.14 μW. The response temperature sensitivities of 6.35 μA/K, 0.78 μA/K, and 2.29 nA/K are achieved. Conclusion: The Cu/n-ZnO/n-Si schottky structure could be used as a high temperature detector (523~873K) for the hightemperature MEMS devices. It has a large temperature range (350K) and a high response sensitivity is 6.35 μA/K. Compared with traditional devices, the Cu/n-ZnO/n-Si Schottky structure based temperature detector has a low energy consumption of 1.16 mW, which has potential applications in the high-temperature measurement of the MEMS devices.

scholarly journals Differential proteomic analysis by SWATH-MS unravels the most dominant mechanisms underlying yeast adaptation to non-optimal temperatures under anaerobic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Pinheiro ◽  
Ka Ying Florence Lip ◽  
Estéfani García-Ríos ◽  
Amparo Querol ◽  
José Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Cold Response ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Response To Temperature

AbstractElucidation of temperature tolerance mechanisms in yeast is essential for enhancing cellular robustness of strains, providing more economically and sustainable processes. We investigated the differential responses of three distinct Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, an industrial wine strain, ADY5, a laboratory strain, CEN.PK113-7D and an industrial bioethanol strain, Ethanol Red, grown at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures under chemostat conditions. We employed anaerobic conditions, mimicking the industrial processes. The proteomic profile of these strains in all conditions was performed by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra-mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS), allowing the quantification of 997 proteins, data available via ProteomeXchange (PXD016567). Our analysis demonstrated that temperature responses differ between the strains; however, we also found some common responsive proteins, revealing that the response to temperature involves general stress and specific mechanisms. Overall, sub-optimal temperature conditions involved a higher remodeling of the proteome. The proteomic data evidenced that the cold response involves strong repression of translation-related proteins as well as induction of amino acid metabolism, together with components related to protein folding and degradation while, the high temperature response mainly recruits amino acid metabolism. Our study provides a global and thorough insight into how growth temperature affects the yeast proteome, which can be a step forward in the comprehension and improvement of yeast thermotolerance.

scholarly journals The Adaptive Power of Ammophila arenaria: Biomimetic Study, Systematic Observation, Parametric Design, and Experimental Tests with Bimetal

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2554
Author(s):  
Tarciana Araújo Brito de Andrade ◽  
José Nuno Dinis Cabral Beirão ◽  
Amilton José Vieira de Arruda ◽  
Cristina Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Design ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Systematic Observation ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Adaptive Power ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Opening And Closing

The aim of our study was to apply a biomimetic approach, inspired by the Ammophila arenaria. This organism possesses a reversible leaf opening and closing mechanism that responds to water and salt stress (hydronastic movement). We adopted a problem-based biomimetic methodology in three stages: (i) two observation studies; (ii) how to abstract and develop a parametric model to simulate the leaf movement; and (iii) experiments with bimetal, a smart material that curls up when heated. We added creases to the bimetal active layer in analogy to the position of bulliform cells. These cells determine the leaf-closing pattern. The experiments demonstrated that creases influence and can change the direction of the bimetal natural movement. Thus, it is possible to replicate the Ammophila arenaria leaf-rolling mechanism in response to temperature variation and solar radiation in the bimetal. In future works, we will be able to propose responsive facade solutions based on these results.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index Using High Temperature Resistant Pure Quartz Grating Based on Femtosecond Laser and HF Etching

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Qijing Lin ◽  
Kun Yao ◽  
Fuzheng Zhang ◽  
Bian Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Fluid Analysis

The optical fiber temperature and refractive index sensor combined with the hollow needle structure for medical treatment can promote the standardization of traditional acupuncture techniques and improve the accuracy of body fluid analysis. A double-parameter sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is developed in this paper. The sensor materials are selected through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the sensor sensing principle is theoretically analyzed and simulated. Through femtosecond laser writing pure silica fiber, a high temperature resistant wavelength type FBG temperature sensor is obtained, and the FBG is corroded by hydrofluoric acid (HF) to realize a high-sensitivity intensity-type refractive index sensor. Because the light has dual characteristics of energy and wavelength, the sensor can realize simultaneous dual-parameter sensing. The light from the lead-in optical fiber is transmitted to the sensor and affected by temperature and refractive-index; then, the reflection peak is reflected back to the lead-out fiber by the FBG. The high temperature response and the refractive index response of the sensor were measured in the laboratory, and the high temperature characteristics of the sensor were verified in the accredited institute. It is demonstrated that the proposed sensor can achieve temperature sensing up to 1150 °C with the sensitivity of 0.0134 nm/°C, and refractive sensing over a refractive range of 1.333 to 1.4027 with the sensitivity of −49.044 dBm/RIU. The sensor features the advantages of two-parameter measurement, compact structure, and wide temperature range, and it exhibits great potential in acupuncture treatment.

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