Barley yellow dwarf viruses in, and aphids on, grasses (including cereals) in Tasmania

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
PL Guy ◽  
GR Johnstone ◽  
DI Morris
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Hyalopterus Pruni ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sitobion Fragariae ◽  
Cereal Plants

Samples of 2077 grasses and cereal plants representative of the Poaceae found in Tasmania were collected from a wide range of habitats throughout the State. Each sample was examined for infestation with aphids and then checked for infection with viruses causing barley yellow dwarf by both aphid transmission and serological tests. Aphid species found among the samples were Hyalopterus pruni, Rhopalosiphum maidis, R. padi and Sitobion fragariae. R. padi transmitted a vector non-specific type of barley yellow dwarf (PAV) and a vector specific type (RPV), either alone or together, while S. fragariae transmitted PAV alone and occasionally RPV when present in plants together with PAV. The other aphid species did not transmit. A total of 189 samples contained virus. Incidence was greatest in samples from the Bambusoideae subfamily (31%) and least in the Arundinoideae (4%). There was no difference in the level of infection between the native and introduced species that were represented. The Arundinoideae and Panicoideae were predominantly infected with RPV types, while the Pooideae, with the exception of Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis, were predominantly infected with PAV types. Many more infected plants contained both PAV and RPV (11.9%) than would have been expected had the two types of virus infected independently (2.5%). No infected plants were found among samples from 25 of the 56 species tested, and some of these may prove useful in breeding for resistance to barley yellow dwarf viruses.

scholarly journals Serodetection of viruses associated to barley yellow dwarf (BYD) on cereals in Algeria

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Belkahla ◽  
H. Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Das Elisa

Surveys on viruses associated with Barley Yellow Dwarf (BYD) and their vectors were carried out in Algerian cereal areas (Guelma, Constantine, Algiers, Sidi-belabes, Adrar) in 1997 and 1998. Rhopalosiphum padi was present in all zones of culture, whereas R. maidis, Sitobion avenae, S. fragariae and Schizaphis graminum had only local distributions. In most areas BYD-like symptoms, i.e. dwarfing and yellowing of barley (Hordeum vulgare), dwarfing and reddening of oat (Avena sativa) and wheat (Triticum aestivum), were observed. Serological tests were done on these crops using DAS-ELISA (RMV and SGV) or TAS-ELISA using monoclonal antibodies specifie to CYDV-RPV or using different variant specifie BYDV-PAV (CpA and CpB) and BYDV-MAV monoclonal antibodies. BYDV-PAV was prevalent and few plant samples carrying RMV, SGV, BYDV-MAV or CYDV-RPV were detected. The relative frequencies of BYDV-PAV CpA and CpB serotypes were variable depending on the area and the crop season. The range of symptoms induced on barley by both Algerian BYDV-PAV CpB and BYDV-PAV CpA serotypes was mild to severe. Twenty-one BYDV-MAV isolates were compared using monoclonal antibodies, which distinguish two serotypes of this virus. Only one serotype was detected. This same serotype is also the most prevalent in Europe.

Resistance to RPV barley yellow dwarf virus in the genus Bromus

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique Beuve ◽  
Hervé Lapierre
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Susceptibility to barley yellow dwarf RPV (BYD – RPV) relative to BYD – PAV has been studied for 21 species of the genus Bromus. The following species belonging to sections Bromus (B. arvensis L., B. commutatus Shrad, B. danthoniae Trin., B. grossus Desf. ex DC. B. hordeaceus L., B. lanceolatus Roth., B. scoparius L.), Stenobromus (B. diandrus Roth., B. madritensis L., B. sterilis L., B. rubens L., B. tectorum L.), and Neobromus (B. trinii Desvaux) are all susceptible to BYD–RPV. Of the three species of the Pnigma section, B. erectus Hudson is susceptible to BYD–RPV, although the percentage of infected plants is low; B. setifolius Presl. is resistant to BYD–RPV; and the two biotypes of B. inermis Leyss. that were tested are both resistant to BYD–RPV. Most biotypes of the species in section Ceratochloa are resistant to BYD–RPV and susceptible to BYD–PAV. In B. catharticus Vahl. a few biotypes are also susceptible to both viruses. The resistance to BYD–RPV in different biotypes of Ceratochloa and in one biotype of B. setifolius cannot be explained by the resistance to the vector Rhopalosiphum padi L., as BYD – PAV is efficiently transmitted to these biotypes by the same aphid species. These results show that most biotypes of the species in section Ceratochloa are probably immune to BYD–RPV and that the virus has a restricted host range in the genus Bromus compared with BYD –PAV. Key words: BYDV, RPV, PAV, Bromus genus.

scholarly journals Barley Yellow Dwarf Luteoviruses and Their Predominant Aphid Vectors in Winter Wheat Grown in South Carolina

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 1328-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart M. Gray ◽  
Jay W. Chapin ◽  
Dawn M. Smith ◽  
Nanditta Banerjee ◽  
James S. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Aphid Transmission ◽  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf

Barley yellow dwarf is recognized as an important disease problem in winter wheat production in the southeastern United States, but there is relatively little known about the ecology and epidemiology of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) in this region. From 1991 to 1993, and in 1996 and 1997, winter wheat was sampled for BYDV throughout the principal wheat production areas in South Carolina. In addition, in 1997, a small number of samples were collected from fields in North Carolina and Kentucky. Plant samples were assayed to determine the BYDV serotype and, subsequently, coat protein sequences of isolates within the same serotype were compared using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Representative BYDV isolates from South Carolina and type isolates from New York were compared in aphid transmission experiments using aphid species collected from South Carolina and laboratory colonies maintained in New York. The predominant BYDV serotype in South Carolina (in all years) was PAV, accounting for 94% of the total BYDV-infected samples analyzed. The RPV serotypes were more abundant in samples collected from western North Carolina and Kentucky. PAV isolates from all regions were identical to the New York BYDV-PAV in terms of serology and restriction fragment patterns. Furthermore, the aphid transmission phenotypes were similar for South Carolina and New York BYDV isolates. The predominant aphids colonizing winter wheat in South Carolina included Schizaphis graminum, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, R. padi, and Sitobion avenea. The South Carolina clones of R. padi and S. avenae were similar to the New York laboratory clones in their abilities to transmit various BYDV isolates from New York and South Carolina. In contrast to the New York clone of Schizaphis graminum that can vector SGV, PAV, and RPV, the S. graminum clone from South Carolina was not a vector of any BYDV serotype tested. R. rufiabdominalis was found to be an efficient vector of PAV, RPV, and RMV isolates, but did not transmit MAV or SGV.

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