Phosphorus metabolism in ruminants. 2. Effects of inorganic phosphorus concentration upon food intake and digestibility

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 647 ◽  
Author(s):  
JTB Milton ◽  
JH Ternouth
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Parotid Duct ◽  
High Calcium

Four sheep, prepared with bilateral re-entrant parotid duct catheters, ruminal fistulas and abomasal catheters, were offered a pelleted high-calcium low-phosphorus diet. By infusing saline or phosphate solutions into the abomasum with or without diversion of the parotid saliva, three treatments were created: low ruminal, low blood; high ruminal, high blood; and low ruminal, high blood inorganic phosphorus concentrations. The organic matter intake of the sheep on the low-blood treatment was 34% less than on either of the high-blood treatments. Although there were no differences between treatments in organic matter digestibility, the digestibility of the neutral-detergent fibre fraction on both low-ruminal treatments was 5% lower than on the high-ruminal treatment. There were no differences between treatments in ruminal fluid volume, but there was a tendency for the retention times of ruminal fluid and caeco-colic digesta to be greater and the rate of flow of fluid from the rumen and daily parotid saliva secretion to be lower when less food was eaten. It is concluded that although phosphorus deficiency may depress microbial digestion, the reduced food intake of the sheep was not due to a depression in microbial digestion and that the primary factor limiting food intake was due to some nondigestive tract disturbance, possibly a disturbance of intracellular metabolism.

Effects of drought, aging and phosphorus status on leaf acid phosphatase activity in wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 777 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

Wheat plants grown at two levels of phosphorus supply were subjected to drought or given adequate water. Acid phosphatase activities in the youngest fully expanded leaves, and inorganic and total phosphorus concentrations in the plant tops were determined at four stages of crop development. Phosphatase activity increased with plant age, with phosphorus deficiency and with drought. Inorganic phosphorus concentration decreased with plant age and phosphorus deficiency. Drought markedly decreased the inorganic phosphorus concentration in phosphorus sufficient plants but had little effect on the concentration in deficient plants. Total phosphorus concentration increased as the plants aged and was greatest where the plants were phosphorus sufficient and adequately watered. Drought markedly reduced the total phosphorus concentration in phosphorus sufficient plants, but had little effect on the total phosphorus concentration in deficient plants. Leaf acid phosphatase activity was related inversely to the inorganic phosphorus concentration in the plant tops. Changes in activity with aging, phosphorus supply and moisture stress were associated with changes in the inorganic phosphorus concentration. An argument is developed which indicates that a single 'critical value' separating sufficient from deficient plants, either for phosphatase activity, inorganic or total phosphorus concentration, is not practicable. Different values will be required for different stages of maturity. Complications introduced by drought and aging, through their effect on phosphorus concentration and enzyme activity, were overcome by developing phosphatase zymograms. Two bands were specifically associated with phosphorus deficient plants irrespective of plant age or moisture stress. The technique offers further opportunity for studies in phosphorus metabolism and shou!d provide a useful means of diagnosing phosphorus deficiency in field groRn plants.

scholarly journals Localization of the organic matter production and degradation in two different estuaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Anna Vazhova ◽  
Yury Zuenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
River Water ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Organic Matter Production ◽  
Internal Part ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Dilution

Physical and chemical processes related to primary production of the estuaries of two rivers with different water regime are considered with special attention to their spatial and seasonal variability. Both production and degradation of the organic matter are quantitatively evaluated on the data of non-conservative variation of dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentration in the process of the river water dilution. Contribution of recycling to the phosphorus balance and the estuarine waters productivity is estimated. The organic matter degradation prevailed in the internal part of both estuaries, but its production dominated in their external parts, with a tendency of production lowering and degradation strengthening from spring to autumn. Utilization of the re-mineralized phosphorus in the external estuaries increased their potential productivity by 20-50%, provided by the terrigenous flux with the river water.

Phosphorus metabolism in ruminants. 1. Techniques for phosphorus depletion

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Ternouth ◽  
HMS Davies ◽  
JTB Milton ◽  
MW Simpson-Morgan ◽  
NE Sands
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Parotid Duct ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Replacement Technique ◽  
Phosphorus Depletion

A dietary technique and a parotid saliva replacement technique for depleting ruminants of phosphorus are described. The unilateral parotid depletion technique, involving permanent re-entrant parotid duct catheterization, with phosphorus-free artificial saliva returned to the duct, rapidly depressed blood and ruminal inorganic phosphorus concentrations of animals fed on a low-phosphorus diet. The parotid technique is capable of removing the total extracellular fluid inorganic phosphorus of cattle, goats and sheep in 5-14 h and is of value for creating acute phosphorus deficiencies in adult ruminants. Removal of phosphorus from the ruminant is slower with the dietary technique.

Phosphorus nutrition of beef cattle. 3. Effect of supplementation on the phosphorus content of blood and on the phosphorus and calcium contents of hair and bone of grazing steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Status ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effect of phosphorus supplements of 35 and 70 g per head per week on the calcium and phosphorus contents of bone and hair and on plasma inorganic phosphorus levels of steers was compared with those of unsupplemented steers which grazed carpet grass (Axonopus affinis) pasture of low phosphorus content at Grafton, New South Wales. The supplements had no effect on plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration. Hair phosphorus content was not affected by either dietary phosphorus or season. Hair calcium was not influenced by pasture calcium but was related to season, with highest levels in summer and lowest in winter. Supplementation increased the amount of phosphorus in dry fat-free rib-bone (P < 0.05) but this effect was not apparent in the first three months of supplementation. The amount of calcium in bone (Y) was influenced by pasture calcium content (X1) and bone phosphorus content (X2). This relationship was described by the equation: Y = 51.0 + 140.81X1 - 3.33X2(R2 = 0.71; P < 0.001) It is suggested that bone phosphorus levels below 14.3, 13.5, and 12.7 per cent of dry fat-free bone may represent a phosphorus deficiency state in 15-27-month-old steers when pasture calcium levels are 0.18, 0.15, and 0.12 per cent respectively. Further, when estimates of the calcium status of beef steers are made from measurements of bone calcium content, corrections should be applied for bone phosphorus content. It is concluded that measurement of bone phosphorus and calcium provides the most sensitive indication of the phosphorus and calcium status of beef cattle and that when phosphorus supplementation has no effect on liveweight of beef steers its effect on mineralization of bone tissue may justify its use, particularly in areas where poor bone development and lameness occur.

Correction - Phosphorus nutrition of beef cattle. 3. Effect of supplementation on the phosphorus content of blood and on the phosphorus and calcium contents of hair and bone of grazing steers

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium Status ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effect of phosphorus supplements of 35 and 70 g per head per week on the calcium and phosphorus contents of bone and hair and on plasma inorganic phosphorus levels of steers was compared with those of unsupplemented steers which grazed carpet grass (Axonopus affinis) pasture of low phosphorus content at Grafton, New South Wales. The supplements had no effect on plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration. Hair phosphorus content was not affected by either dietary phosphorus or season. Hair calcium was not influenced by pasture calcium but was related to season, with highest levels in summer and lowest in winter. Supplementation increased the amount of phosphorus in dry fat-free rib-bone (P < 0.05) but this effect was not apparent in the first three months of supplementation. The amount of calcium in bone (Y) was influenced by pasture calcium content (X1) and bone phosphorus content (X2). This relationship was described by the equation: Y = 51.0 + 140.81X2 - 3.33X2(R2 = 0.71; P < 0.001) It is suggested that bone phosphorus levels below 14.3, 13.5, and 12.7 per cent of dry fat-free bone may represent a phosphorus deficiency state in 15-27-month-old steers when pasture calcium levels are 0.18, 0.15, and 0.12 per cent respectively. Further, when estimates of the calcium status of beef steers are made from measurements of bone calcium content, corrections should be applied for bone phosphorus content. It is concluded that measurement of bone phosphorus and calcium provides the most sensitive indication of the phosphorus and calcium status of beef cattle and that when phosphorus supplementation has no effect on liveweight of beef steers its effect on mineralization of bone tissue may justify its use, particularly in areas where poor bone development and lameness occur.

Effect of intraruminal infusion of urea on the response in voluntary food intake by sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JK Egan ◽  
PT Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

Six mature Merino sheep received three treatments in a randomized block design experiment. The treatments were: chopped oaten hay diet at 90% of ad libitum intake without urea (L); the ciet offered at the same level as for L with urea infused into the rumen at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (LU); and the diet offered at 90% of the ad libitum intake achieved with urea infused at 11.5 g kg-1 dry matter intake (HU). Sheep given HU consumed 37% more (P < 0.01) organic matter (OM) than those fed L or LU, but the apparent digestibility of OM did not vary (59.2-61.8%) between treatments. The addit onal food consumption was associated with c. 20% increase (P < 0.05) in the weight of OM in the reticulorumen and significantly higher (by 10-35%; P < 0.05) fractional outflow rates of most dietary and microbial constituents of digesta. The fractional digestion rate of potentially digestible plant cell walls was not affected by urea, but the flow of microbial non-ammonia nitrogen from the abomasum was enhanced (L, 7.0; LU, 8.2; HU, 12.5 g day-1; P < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the stimulatory effect of urea upon food intake was associated with the provision of additional microbial protein for digestion in the intestines, rather than changes in the rate or extent of organic matter fermentation in the reticulorumen.

Digestibility and voluntary intake of roughages by wild boar and Meishan pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. van Wieren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractThe digestibility and voluntary intake of fibrous roughages and acorns was studied in six wild boar and five Meishan pigs. The neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration of the diets ranged from 139 to 767 g/kg of the organic matter. Organic matter digestibility of acorns, mixed grass and wheat straw was higher in wild boar (P < 0·05) while voluntary food intake of the Meishan pigs was higher for mixed grass, hay and wheat straw (P < 0·05). Organic matter digestibility (P < 0·01) and NDF digestibility (P < 0·05) were both negatively related to NDF concentration of the diet. No relationship existed between voluntary food intake and NDF concentration of the diet. The apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility was positively related (P < 0·01) to dietary N while no relationship was found with dietary NDF. The negative effect of NDF on digestibility could only be partly explained by the lignin concentration of NDF. Much more important was the lower efficiency of the carbohydrate fermentation in the caecum and colon when compared with the direct absorption of glucose from the small intestine. It was estimated that digestible NDF at a maximum contributed proportionately 0·26 to the metabolizable energy intake of the animals. It was concluded that wild boar and domestic pigs should be able to maintain themselves on an all fresh grass diet when NDF concentration of the diet does not exceed about 550 g/kg and N concentration is not too low.

scholarly journals Effect of fish paste products, fish balls ‘tsumire’, intake in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Kadokura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tomita ◽  
Kohei Suruga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The fish paste product, fish balls ‘tsumire’, is a traditional type of Japanese food made from minced fish as well as imitation crab, kamaboko and hanpen. Although tsumire is known as a high-protein and low-fat food, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its health benefits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of tsumire intake on organ weight and biomarker levels in Sprague–Dawley rats for 84 d as a preliminary study. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, fed normal diets, and group II, fed normal diets with 5 % dried tsumire. Throughout the administration period, we monitored their body weight and food intake; at the end of this period, we measured their organ weight and analysed their blood biochemistry. No significant differences were observed with respect to body weight, food intake, organ weight and many biochemical parameters between the two groups. It was found that inorganic phosphorus and glucose levels were higher in group II rats than in group I rats. On the other hand, sodium, calcium, amylase and cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I. Interestingly, we found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase in group II were significantly lower than in group I, and that other liver function parameters of group II tended to be lower than in group I. In conclusion, we consider that the Japanese traditional food, ‘tsumire,’ may be effective as a functional food for human health management worldwide.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document